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Sun M, Wang D, Liu C, Liu Y, Niu M, Wang J, Li J. Genome-wide identification and analysis of the SUPPRESSOR of MAX2 1-LIKE gene family and its interaction with DWARF14 in poplar. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:105. [PMID: 36814183 PMCID: PMC9945404 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strigolactones (SLs) are important phytohormones that can regulate branch development in plants. Although SUPPRESSOR of MAX2 1-LIKE proteins (SMXLs) play a crucial role in SL signaling transduction, the SMXL gene family has not been well characterized in poplar. RESULTS In this study, 12 members of the poplar SMXL gene family were identified and phylogenetically classified into four clades. Motif and 3D structural analyses revealed that PtSMXL proteins are structurally very conserved; however, the P-loop NTPase domain at the C-terminal was found to vary substantially among clades. A genomic collinearity analysis indicated that PtSMXL gene family members have expanded during recent genome doubling events in poplar, with all gene pairs subsequently undergoing purifying selection. According to a Cis-element analysis, PtSMXL promoters contain many light-responsive elements. In an expression pattern analysis, all 12 PtSMXL genes displayed tissue-specific expression, especially PtSMXL8a. PtSMXL7b expression was significantly downregulated after axillary bud growth begins. In addition, the expressions of PtSMXL7b and PtSMXL8a were highly induced by 2 μM GR24, a synthetic SL analog, thus suggesting that these genes are involved in SL-regulated axillary bud growth. In a yeast two-hybrid assay, only PtSMXL7b in clade II was able to interact with the SL receptor PtD14a in an SL dependent manner, which indicates that PtSMXL7b may be the functional homolog of D53/SMXL6/7/8 in poplar. Finally, we established its ability to affect axillary bud growth by constructing poplar overexpressing the PtSMXL7b gene. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may inform future research on the functions of SMXLs in poplar, especially with respect to branch development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maotong Sun
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China
| | - Dongyue Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China
| | - Cuishuang Liu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China
| | - Muge Niu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China
| | - Jinnan Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China.
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China.
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China.
| | - Jihong Li
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China.
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China.
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China.
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