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Zhao Z, Tian J, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Wu Z, Xing Y, Li F, Song X, Li Z. Chemical Source Profiles and Toxicity Assessment of Urban Fugitive Dust PM 2.5 in Guanzhong Plain, China. Toxics 2023; 11:676. [PMID: 37624181 PMCID: PMC10458601 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Urban fugitive dust is a significant contributor to atmospheric PM2.5 and a potential risk to humans. In 2019, both road dust and construction dust were collected from four cities, including Xi'an, Xianyang, Baoji, and Tongchuan, in Guanzhong Plain, China. Elements, water-soluble ions, and carbonaceous fractions were determined to establish the chemical source profile. High enrichment degrees of Se, Sc, Cl, and Zn in both road dust and construction dust indicated that the industrial system and energy consumption influenced Guanzhong Plain strongly. According to the coefficient of divergence, the two datasets within Xianyang and Tongchuan were similar. Combined with the chemical profile, road dust was affected by more stationary emission sources than construction dust in Xi'an, while biomass burning and vehicle exhaust contributed more to road dust than construction dust in Baoji. Moreover, the health risk of heavy metal was assessed, and corresponding influencing factors were identified. Road dust in all cities showed a non-negligible non-carcinogenic risk for children. Ingestion and inhalation were the main exposure pathways to which As and Co contributed the most, respectively. The land-use regression model revealed that the first-class road in a 100 m radius impacted all high-risk level metals, and the commercial building material and enterprises weakly influenced Co and Pb, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- Zhongsheng Environmental Technology Development Company Limited, Shaanxi Environmental Protection Industry Group Company Limited, Xi’an 710065, China;
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.)
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Zhichun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Environmental Medium Trace Pollutants Monitoring and Early Warning, Shaanxi Environmental Monitoring Center, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.X.); (F.L.); (X.S.)
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Environmental Medium Trace Pollutants Monitoring and Early Warning, Shaanxi Environmental Monitoring Center, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.X.); (F.L.); (X.S.)
| | - Xinyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Environmental Medium Trace Pollutants Monitoring and Early Warning, Shaanxi Environmental Monitoring Center, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.X.); (F.L.); (X.S.)
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Baqiao Branch, Xi’an Ecology of Environment Bureau, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.)
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