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Zhu X, Li Y, Dong Q, Tian C, Gong J, Bai X, Ruan J, Gao J. Small Molecules Promote the Rapid Generation of Dental Epithelial Cells from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4138. [PMID: 38673725 PMCID: PMC11049943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer a promising source for generating dental epithelial (DE) cells. Whereas the existing differentiation protocols were time-consuming and relied heavily on growth factors, herein, we developed a three-step protocol to convert hiPSCs into DE cells in 8 days. In the first phase, hiPSCs were differentiated into non-neural ectoderm using SU5402 (an FGF signaling inhibitor). The second phase involved differentiating non-neural ectoderm into pan-placodal ectoderm and simultaneously inducing the formation of oral ectoderm (OE) using LDN193189 (a BMP signaling inhibitor) and purmorphamine (a SHH signaling activator). In the final phase, OE cells were differentiated into DE through the application of Purmorphamine, XAV939 (a WNT signaling inhibitor), and BMP4. qRT-PCR and immunostaining were performed to examine the expression of lineage-specific markers. ARS staining was performed to evaluate the formation of the mineralization nodule. The expression of PITX2, SP6, and AMBN, the emergence of mineralization nodules, and the enhanced expression of AMBN and AMELX in spheroid culture implied the generation of DE cells. This study delineates the developmental signaling pathways and uses small molecules to streamline the induction of hiPSCs into DE cells. Our findings present a simplified and quicker method for generating DE cells, contributing valuable insights for dental regeneration and dental disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.)
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China;
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.)
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China;
| | - Qiannan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.)
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China;
| | - Chunli Tian
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China;
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (J.G.); (X.B.)
| | - Xiaofan Bai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (J.G.); (X.B.)
| | - Jianping Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.)
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China;
| | - Jianghong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.)
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China;
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