1
|
Vincent M, Blanc-Garin V, Chenebault C, Cirimele M, Farci S, Garcia-Alles LF, Cassier-Chauvat C, Chauvat F. Impact of Carbon Fixation, Distribution and Storage on the Production of Farnesene and Limonene in Synechocystis PCC 6803 and Synechococcus PCC 7002. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3827. [PMID: 38612633 PMCID: PMC11012175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Terpenes are high-value chemicals which can be produced by engineered cyanobacteria from sustainable resources, solar energy, water and CO2. We previously reported that the euryhaline unicellular cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (S.6803) and Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 (S.7002) produce farnesene and limonene, respectively, more efficiently than other terpenes. In the present study, we attempted to enhance farnesene production in S.6803 and limonene production in S.7002. Practically, we tested the influence of key cyanobacterial enzymes acting in carbon fixation (RubisCO, PRK, CcmK3 and CcmK4), utilization (CrtE, CrtR and CruF) and storage (PhaA and PhaB) on terpene production in S.6803, and we compared some of the findings with the data obtained in S.7002. We report that the overproduction of RubisCO from S.7002 and PRK from Cyanothece sp. PCC 7425 increased farnesene production in S.6803, but not limonene production in S.7002. The overexpression of the crtE genes (synthesis of terpene precursors) from S.6803 or S.7002 did not increase farnesene production in S.6803. In contrast, the overexpression of the crtE gene from S.6803, but not S.7002, increased farnesene production in S.7002, emphasizing the physiological difference between these two model cyanobacteria. Furthermore, the deletion of the crtR and cruF genes (carotenoid synthesis) and phaAB genes (carbon storage) did not increase the production of farnesene in S.6803. Finally, as a containment strategy of genetically modified strains of S.6803, we report that the deletion of the ccmK3K4 genes (carboxysome for CO2 fixation) did not affect the production of limonene, but decreased the production of farnesene in S.6803.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Vincent
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (M.V.); (V.B.-G.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (C.C.-C.)
| | - Victoire Blanc-Garin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (M.V.); (V.B.-G.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (C.C.-C.)
| | - Célia Chenebault
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (M.V.); (V.B.-G.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (C.C.-C.)
| | - Mattia Cirimele
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (M.V.); (V.B.-G.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (C.C.-C.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sandrine Farci
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (M.V.); (V.B.-G.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (C.C.-C.)
| | - Luis Fernando Garcia-Alles
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France;
| | - Corinne Cassier-Chauvat
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (M.V.); (V.B.-G.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (C.C.-C.)
| | - Franck Chauvat
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (M.V.); (V.B.-G.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (S.F.); (C.C.-C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Han S, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Wang W, Pei D. Chrysanthemum morifolium β-carotene hydroxylase overexpression promotes Arabidopsis thaliana tolerance to high light stress. J Plant Physiol 2023; 284:153962. [PMID: 36940578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The β-carotene hydroxylase gene (BCH) regulates zeaxanthin production in response to high light levels ro protect Chrysanthemum morifolium plants against light-induced damage. In this study, the Chrysanthemum morifolium CmBCH1 and CmBCH2 genes were cloned and their functional importance was assessed by overexpressing them in Arabidopsis thaliana. These transgenic plants were evaluated for gene-related changes in phenotypic characteristics, photosynthetic activity, fluorescence properties, carotenoid biosynthesis, aboveground/belowground biomass, pigment content, and the expression of light-regulated genes under conditions of high light stress relative to wild-type (WT) plants. When exposed to high light stress, WT A. thaliana leaves turned yellow and the overall biomass was reduced compared to that of the transgenic plants. WT plants exposed to high light stress also exhibited significant reductions in the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, Fv/Fm, qP, and ETR, whereas these changes were not observed in the transgenic CmBCH1 and CmBCH2 plants. Lutein and zaxanthin levels were significantly increased in the transgenic CmBCH1 and CmBCH2 lines, with progressive induction with prolonged light exposure, whereas no significant changes were observed in light-exposed WT plants. The transgenic plants also expressed higher levels of most carotenoid biosynthesis pathway genes, including phytoene synthase (AtPSY), phytoene desaturase (AtPDS), lycopene-β-cyclase (AtLYCB), and ζ-carotene desaturase (AtZDS). The elongated hypocotyl 5 (HY5) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) genes were significantly induced following exposure to high light conditions for 12h, whereas phytochrome-interacting factor 7 (PIF7) was significantly downregulated in these plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Han
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, China
| | - Yunjing Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, China
| | - Qingchen Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, China
| | - Dongli Pei
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Amendola S, Kneip JS, Meyer F, Perozeni F, Cazzaniga S, Lauersen KJ, Ballottari M, Baier T. Metabolic Engineering for Efficient Ketocarotenoid Accumulation in the Green Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:820-831. [PMID: 36821819 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a valuable ketocarotenoid with various pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Green microalgae harbor natural capacities for pigment accumulation due to their 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. Recently, a redesigned ß-carotene ketolase (BKT) was found to enable ketocarotenoid accumulation in the model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and transformants exhibited reduced photoinhibition under high-light. Here, a systematic screening by synthetic transgene design of carotenoid pathway enzymes and overexpression from the nuclear genome identified phytoene synthase (PSY/crtB) as a bottleneck for carotenoid accumulation in C. reinhardtii. Increased ß-carotene hydroxylase (CHYB) activity was found to be essential for engineered astaxanthin accumulation. A combined BKT, crtB, and CHYB expression strategy resulted in a volumetric astaxanthin production of 9.5 ± 0.3 mg L-1 (4.5 ± 0.1 mg g-1 CDW) in mixotrophic and 23.5 mg L-1 (1.09 mg L-1 h-1) in high cell density conditions, a 4-fold increase compared to previous reports in C. reinhardtii. This work presents a systematic investigation of bottlenecks in astaxanthin accumulation in C. reinhardtii and the phototrophic green cell factory design for competitive use in industrial biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Amendola
- Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jacob S Kneip
- Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Florian Meyer
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Federico Perozeni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Cazzaniga
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Kyle J Lauersen
- Bioengineering Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Thomas Baier
- Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Furubayashi M, Maoka T, Mitani Y. Promiscuous activity of β-carotene hydroxylase CrtZ on epoxycarotenoids leads to the formation of rare carotenoids with 6-hydroxy-3-keto-ε-ends. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1921-1931. [PMID: 35344590 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids with rare 6-hydroxy-3-keto-ε-end groups, such as piprixanthin, vitixanthin or cochloxanthin, found in manakin birds or plants, are rare carotenoids with high antioxidant activity. The same chemical structure is found in abscisic acid or blumenol, apocarotenoids found in plants or fungi. In this study, we serendipitously discovered that the promiscuous activity of the β-carotene hydroxylase CrtZ, a diiron-containing membrane protein, can catalyze the formation of 6-hydroxy-3-keto-ε-end by using epoxycarotenoids antheraxanthin or violaxanthin as substrate. We suggest that the reaction mechanism is similar to that of a rhodoxanthin biosynthetic enzyme. Our results provide further understanding of the reaction mechanism of diiron-containing β-carotene hydroxylases, as well as insight into the biosynthesis of natural compounds with 6-hydroxy-3-keto-ε-end carotenoid derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Furubayashi
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hokkaido, 062-8517, Japan
| | - Takashi Maoka
- Division of Food Function and Chemistry, Research Institute for Production Development, Kyoto, 606-0805, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mitani
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hokkaido, 062-8517, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu HZ, Jiang S, Wu JJ, Zhou XR, Liu PY, Huang FH, Wan X. Production of High Levels of 3 S,3' S-Astaxanthin in Yarrowia lipolytica via Iterative Metabolic Engineering. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:2673-2683. [PMID: 35191700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a highly value-added keto-carotenoid compound. The astaxanthin 3S,3'S-isomer is more desirable for food additives, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals due to health concerns about chemically synthesized counterparts with a mixture of three isomers. Biosynthesis of 3S,3'S-astaxanthin suffers from limited content and productivity. We engineered Yarrowia lipolytica to produce high levels of 3S,3'S-astaxanthin. We first assessed various β-carotene ketolases (CrtW) and β-carotene hydroxylases (CrtZ) from two algae and a plant. HpCrtW and HpCrtZ from Haematococcus pluvialis exhibited the strongest activity in converting β-carotene into astaxanthin in Y. lipolytica. We then fine-tuned the HpCrtW and HpCrtZ transcriptional expression by increasing the rounds of gene integration into the genome and applied a modular enzyme assembly of HpCrtW and HpCrtZ simultaneously. Next, we rescued leucine biosynthesis in the engineered Y. lipolytica, leading to a five-fold increase in biomass. The astaxanthin production achieved from these strategies was 3.3 g/L or 41.3 mg/g dry cell weight under fed-batch conditions, which is the highest level reported in microbial chassis to date. This study provides the potential for industrial production of 3S,3'S-astaxanthin, and this strategy empowers us to build a sustainable biorefinery platform for generating other value-added carotenoids in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Zhi Zhu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | | | - Peng-Yang Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Feng-Hong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xia Wan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu S, Li M, Dubcovsky J, Tian L. Mutant combinations of lycopene ɛ-cyclase and β-carotene hydroxylase 2 homoeologs increased β-carotene accumulation in endosperm of tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) grains. Plant Biotechnol J 2022; 20:564-576. [PMID: 34695292 PMCID: PMC8882798 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Grains of tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) mainly accumulate the non-provitamin A carotenoid lutein-with low natural variation in provitamin A β-carotene in wheat accessions necessitating alternative strategies for provitamin A biofortification. Lycopene ɛ-cyclase (LCYe) and β-carotene hydroxylase (HYD) function in diverting carbons from β-carotene to lutein biosynthesis and catalyzing the turnover of β-carotene to xanthophylls, respectively. However, the contribution of LCYe and HYD gene homoeologs to carotenoid metabolism and how they can be manipulated to increase β-carotene in tetraploid wheat endosperm (flour) is currently unclear. We isolated loss-of-function Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes (TILLING) mutants of LCYe and HYD2 homoeologs and generated higher order mutant combinations of lcye-A, lcye-B, hyd-A2, and hyd-B2. Hyd-A2 hyd-B2, lcye-A hyd-A2 hyd-B2, lcye-B hyd-A2 hyd-B2, and lcye-A lcye-B hyd-A2 hyd-B2 achieved significantly increased β-carotene in endosperm, with lcye-A hyd-A2 hyd-B2 exhibiting comparable photosynthetic performance and light response to control plants. Comparative analysis of carotenoid profiles suggests that eliminating HYD2 homoeologs is sufficient to prevent β-carotene conversion to xanthophylls in the endosperm without compromising xanthophyll production in leaves, and that β-carotene and its derived xanthophylls are likely subject to differential catalysis mechanisms in vegetative tissues and grains. Carotenoid and gene expression analyses also suggest that the very low LCYe-B expression in endosperm is adequate for lutein production in the absence of LCYe-A. These results demonstrate the success of provitamin A biofortification using TILLING mutants while also providing a roadmap for guiding a gene editing-based approach in hexaploid wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yu
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Michelle Li
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
- Present address:
Codexis Inc.Redwood CityCAUSA
| | - Jorge Dubcovsky
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang K, Su Z, He M, Wu Y, Wang M. Simultaneous accumulation of astaxanthin and β-carotene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by the introduction of foreign β-carotene hydroxylase gene in response to high light stress. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:321-331. [PMID: 35119571 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are important photosynthetic pigments with many physiological functions, nutritional properties and high commercial value. β-carotene hydroxylase is one of the key enzymes in the carotenoid synthesis pathway of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for the conversion of β-carotene to astaxanthin. The vector p64DZ containing the β-carotene hydroxylase gene crtZ from Haematococcus pluvialis was transformed into C. reinhardtii CC-503. The transformants were selected by alternate culture in solid-liquid medium containing spectinomycin (100 µg mL-1). PCR results indicated that the gene crtZ and aadA were integrated into the genome of C. reinhardtii. RT-PCR analysis showed that the gene crtZ was transcribed in Chlamydomonas transformants. HPLC analysis showed that the content of astaxanthin and β-carotene in cells of C. reinhardtii were simultaneously increased. Under medium light intensity cultivation (60 µmol m-2 s-1), transgenic C. reinhardtii had an 85.8% increase in β-carotene content compared with the wild type. The content of astaxanthin and β-carotene reached 1.97 ± 0.13 mg g-1 fresh cell weight (FCW) and 105.94 ± 5.84 µg g-1 FCW, which were increased 18% and 42.4% than the wild type after 6 h of high light treatment (200 µmol m-2 s-1), respectively. Our results indicate the regulatory effect on pigments in C. reinhardtii by β-carotene hydroxylase gene of H. pluvialis, and demonstrate the positive effect of high light stress on pigment accumulation in transgenic C. reinhardtii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunmei Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Zhongliang Su
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Mingyan He
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Yaoyao Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Meiqi Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hu L, Feng S, Liang G, Du J, Li A, Niu C. CRISPR/Cas9-induced β-carotene hydroxylase mutation in Dunaliella salina CCAP19/18. AMB Express 2021; 11:83. [PMID: 34097133 PMCID: PMC8185118 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dunaliella salina (D. salina) has been exploited as a novel expression system for the field of genetic engineering. However, owing to the low or inconsistent expression of target proteins, it has been greatly restricted to practical production of recombinant proteins. Since the accurate gene editing function of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas system, β-carotene hydroxylase gene was chosen as an example to explore D. salina application with the purpose of improving expression level of foreign genes. In this paper, based on pKSE401 backbone, three CRISPR/Cas9 binary vectors were constructed to targeting exon 1 and 3 of the β-carotene hydroxylase of D. salina CCAP19/18 (Dschyb). D. salina mutants were obtained by salt gradient transformation method, and the expression of Dschyb gene were identified through real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Moreover, carotenoids content was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography at different time points after high intensity treatment. Compared with wild type strains, the β-carotene levels of mutants showed a significant increase, nearly up to 1.4 μg/ml, and the levels of zeaxanthin decreased to various degrees in mutants. All the results provide a compelling evidence for targeted gene editing in D. salina. This study gave a first successful gene editing of D. salina which has a very important practical significance for increasing carotene yield and meeting realistic industry demand. Furthermore, it provides an approach to overcome the current obstacles of D. salina, and then gives a strong tool to facilitates the development and application of D. salina system.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tomlekova N, Spasova-Apostolova V, Pantchev I, Sarsu F. Mutation Associated with Orange Fruit Color Increases Concentrations of β-Carotene in a Sweet Pepper Variety ( Capsicum annuum L.). Foods 2021; 10:1225. [PMID: 34071303 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pepper is the second most important vegetable crop in Bulgarian agriculture and has become the subject of extensive breeding programs that frequently employ induced mutagenesis. The success of breeding programs can be enhanced by the efficient and integral application of different biochemical and molecular methods to characterize specific mutant alleles. On the other hand, identifying new cost-effective methods is important under a limited-resources environment. In this paper we compare the levels of five health-related carotenoid compounds of fruits (α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin) between a mutant variety Oranzheva kapia (possessing high ß-carotene concentration) and a corresponding initial pepper variety Pazardzhishka kapia 794. Both varieties are intended for fresh consumption. Pepper is a major natural source of β-carotene. It was observed that fruit at both commercial and botanical maturity from mutant variety had greater α-carotene and β-carotene concentrations to the initial variety (7.49 and 1.94 times higher, respectively) meaning that the mutant was superior in fruit quality to the initial genotype. Two hydroxylase enzymes, converting α- and β-carotene to lutein and zeaxanthin, respectively, are known to exist in pepper and are encoded by two genes on chromosomes 3 and 6-CrtZchr03 and CrtZchr06. The molecular characterization of the mutant variety through locus-specific Polymerase chain reaction amplification, gene cloning and sequencing as well as expression was performed. Our results suggest that the increased ß-carotene accumulation in the mutant variety Oranzheva kapia results from a biosynthetic pathway breakdown due to deletion of CrtZchr03 gene.
Collapse
|
10
|
Henke NA, Wendisch VF. Improved Astaxanthin Production with Corynebacterium glutamicum by Application of a Membrane Fusion Protein. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E621. [PMID: 31683510 DOI: 10.3390/md17110621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is one of the strongest natural antioxidants and a red pigment occurring in nature. This C40 carotenoid is used in a broad range of applications such as a colorant in the feed industry, an antioxidant in cosmetics or as a supplement in human nutrition. Natural astaxanthin is on the rise and, hence, alternative production systems are needed. The natural carotenoid producer Corynebacterium glutamicum is a potent host for industrial fermentations, such as million-ton scale amino acid production. In C. glutamicum, astaxanthin production was established through heterologous overproduction of the cytosolic lycopene cyclase CrtY and the membrane-bound β-carotene hydroxylase and ketolase, CrtZ and CrtW, in previous studies. In this work, further metabolic engineering strategies revealed that the potential of this GRAS organism for astaxanthin production is not fully exploited yet. It was shown that the construction of a fusion protein comprising the membrane-bound β-carotene hydroxylase and ketolase (CrtZ~W) significantly increased astaxanthin production under high glucose concentration. An evaluation of used carbon sources indicated that a combination of glucose and acetate facilitated astaxanthin production. Moreover, additional overproduction of cytosolic carotenogenic enzymes increased the production of this high value compound. Taken together, a seven-fold improvement of astaxanthin production was achieved with 3.1 mg/g CDW of astaxanthin.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou P, Li M, Shen B, Yao Z, Bian Q, Ye L, Yu H. Directed Coevolution of β-Carotene Ketolase and Hydroxylase and Its Application in Temperature-Regulated Biosynthesis of Astaxanthin. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:1072-1080. [PMID: 30606005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Because it is an outstanding antioxidant with wide applications, biotechnological production of astaxanthin has attracted increasing research interest. However, the astaxanthin titer achieved to date is still rather low, attributed to the poor efficiency of β-carotene ketolation and hydroxylation, as well as the adverse effect of astaxanthin accumulation on cell growth. To address these problems, we constructed an efficient astaxanthin-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain by combining protein engineering and dynamic metabolic regulation. First, superior mutants of β-carotene ketolase and β-carotene hydroxylase were obtained by directed coevolution to accelerate the conversion of β-carotene to astaxanthin. Subsequently, the Gal4M9-based temperature-responsive regulation system was introduced to separate astaxanthin production from cell growth. Finally, 235 mg/L of (3 S,3' S)-astaxanthin was produced by two-stage, high-density fermentation. This study demonstrates the power of combining directed coevolution and temperature-responsive regulation in astaxanthin biosynthesis and may provide methodological reference for biotechnological production of other value-added chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Zhou
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, The Ministry of Education of China , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
| | - Bin Shen
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
| | - Zhen Yao
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
| | - Qi Bian
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
| | - Lidan Ye
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tamaki S, Kato S, Shinomura T, Ishikawa T, Imaishi H. Physiological role of β-carotene monohydroxylase (CYP97H1) in carotenoid biosynthesis in Euglena gracilis. Plant Sci 2019; 278:80-87. [PMID: 30471732 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Some carotenoids are found in the Euglena gracilis, including β-carotene, diadinoxanthin, diatoxanthins, and neoxanthin as the major species; however, the molecular mechanism underlying carotenoid biosynthesis in E. gracilis is not well understood. To clarify the pathway and regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in this alga, we functionally characterized the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-type carotene hydroxylase gene EgCYP97H1. Heterologous in vivo enzyme assay in E. coli indicated that EgCYP97H1 hydroxylated β-carotene to β-cryptoxanthin. E. gracilis cells suppressing EgCYP97H1 resulted in marked growth inhibition and reductions in total carotenoid and chlorophyll contents. Analysis of carotenoid composition revealed that suppression of EgCYP97H1 resulted in higher level of β-carotene, suggesting that EgCYP97H1 is physiologically essential for carotenoid biosynthesis and thus normal cell growth. To our knowledge, this is the first time EgCYP97H1 has been suggested to be β-carotene monohydroxylase, but not β-carotene dihydroxylase. Moreover, during light adaptation of dark-grown E. gracilis, transcript levels of the carotenoid biosynthetic genes (EgCYP97H1, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase EgcrtE, and phytoene synthase EgcrtB) remained virtually unchanged. In contrast, carotenoid accumulation in E. gracilis grown under the same conditions was inhibited by treatment with a translational inhibitor but not a transcriptional inhibitor, indicating that photo-responsive carotenoid biosynthesis is regulated post-transcriptionally in this alga.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Tamaki
- Division of Signal Responses, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shota Kato
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-8551, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shinomura
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-8551, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Imaishi
- Division of Signal Responses, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lu Q, Bu YF, Liu JZ. Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for Producing Astaxanthin as the Predominant Carotenoid. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15100296. [PMID: 28937591 PMCID: PMC5666404 DOI: 10.3390/md15100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a carotenoid of significant commercial value due to its superior antioxidant potential and wide applications in the aquaculture, food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. A higher ratio of astaxanthin to the total carotenoids is required for efficient astaxanthin production. β-Carotene ketolase and hydroxylase play important roles in astaxanthin production. We first compared the conversion efficiency to astaxanthin in several β-carotene ketolases from Brevundimonas sp. SD212, Sphingomonas sp. DC18, Paracoccus sp. PC1, P. sp. N81106 and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with the recombinant Escherichia coli cells that synthesize zeaxanthin due to the presence of the Pantoea ananatis crtEBIYZ. The B. sp. SD212 crtW and P. ananatis crtZ genes are the best combination for astaxanthin production. After balancing the activities of β-carotene ketolase and hydroxylase, an E. coli ASTA-1 that carries neither a plasmid nor an antibiotic marker was constructed to produce astaxanthin as the predominant carotenoid (96.6%) with a specific content of 7.4 ± 0.3 mg/g DCW without an addition of inducer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lu
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Biomedical Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yi-Fan Bu
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Biomedical Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Jian-Zhong Liu
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Biomedical Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kang L, Ji CY, Kim SH, Ke Q, Park SC, Kim HS, Lee HU, Lee JS, Park WS, Ahn MJ, Lee HS, Deng X, Kwak SS. Suppression of the β-carotene hydroxylase gene increases β-carotene content and tolerance to abiotic stress in transgenic sweetpotato plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 2017; 117:24-33. [PMID: 28587990 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
β-carotene, a carotenoid that plays a key photo-protective role in plants is converted into zeaxanthin by β-carotene hydroxylase (CHY-β). Previous work showed that down-regulation of IbCHY-β by RNA interference (RNAi) results in higher levels of β-carotene and total carotenoids, as well as salt stress tolerance, in cultured transgenic sweetpotato cells. In this study, we introduced the RNAi-IbCHY-β construct into a white-fleshed sweetpotato cultivar (cv. Yulmi) by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Among the 13 resultant transgenic sweetpotato plants (referred to as RC plants), three lines were selected for further characterization on the basis of IbCHY-β transcript levels. The RC plants had orange flesh, total carotenoid and β-carotene contents in storage roots were 2-fold and 16-fold higher, respectively, than those of non-transgenic (NT) plants. Unlike storage roots, total carotenoid and β-carotene levels in the leaves of RC plants were slightly increased compared to NT plants. The leaves of RC plants also exhibited tolerance to methyl viologen (MV)-mediated oxidative stress, which was associated with higher 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity. In addition, RC plants maintained higher levels of chlorophyll and higher photosystem II efficiency than NT plants after 250 mM NaCl stress. Yield of storage roots did not differ significantly between RC and NT plants. These observations suggest that RC plants might be useful as a nutritious and environmental stress-tolerant crop on marginal lands around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Kang
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Chang Yoon Ji
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Sun Ha Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Qingbo Ke
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Ho Soo Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyeong-Un Lee
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, 199 Muan-ro, Muan-gun 58545, South Korea
| | - Joon Seol Lee
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, 199 Muan-ro, Muan-gun 58545, South Korea
| | - Woo Sung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudae-ro, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudae-ro, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Haeng-Soon Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Xiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mojib N, Amad M, Thimma M, Aldanondo N, Kumaran M, Irigoien X. Carotenoid metabolic profiling and transcriptome-genome mining reveal functional equivalence among blue-pigmented copepods and appendicularia. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:2740-56. [PMID: 24803335 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The tropical oligotrophic oceanic areas are characterized by high water transparency and annual solar radiation. Under these conditions, a large number of phylogenetically diverse mesozooplankton species living in the surface waters (neuston) are found to be blue pigmented. In the present study, we focused on understanding the metabolic and genetic basis of the observed blue phenotype functional equivalence between the blue-pigmented organisms from the phylum Arthropoda, subclass Copepoda (Acartia fossae) and the phylum Chordata, class Appendicularia (Oikopleura dioica) in the Red Sea. Previous studies have shown that carotenoid-protein complexes are responsible for blue coloration in crustaceans. Therefore, we performed carotenoid metabolic profiling using both targeted and nontargeted (high-resolution mass spectrometry) approaches in four different blue-pigmented genera of copepods and one blue-pigmented species of appendicularia. Astaxanthin was found to be the principal carotenoid in all the species. The pathway analysis showed that all the species can synthesize astaxanthin from β-carotene, ingested from dietary sources, via 3-hydroxyechinenone, canthaxanthin, zeaxanthin, adonirubin or adonixanthin. Further, using de novo assembled transcriptome of blue A. fossae (subclass Copepoda), we identified highly expressed homologous β-carotene hydroxylase enzymes and putative carotenoid-binding proteins responsible for astaxanthin formation and the blue phenotype. In blue O. dioica (class Appendicularia), corresponding putative genes were identified from the reference genome. Collectively, our data provide molecular evidences for the bioconversion and accumulation of blue astaxanthin-protein complexes underpinning the observed ecological functional equivalence and adaptive convergence among neustonic mesozooplankton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Mojib
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu J, Ji J, Wang G, Li Z, Diao J, Wu G. Cloning and characterization of a novel β-carotene hydroxylase gene from Lycium barbarum and its expression in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 61:637-45. [PMID: 24673338 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum contains high levels of zeaxanthin, which is produced by the conversion of β-carotene into zeaxanthin. β-Carotene hydroxylase catalyzes this reaction. We cloned a cDNA (chyb) encoding β-carotene hydroxylase (Chyb) from the L. barbarum leaf. A 939-bp full-length cDNA sequence was determined with 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA end assay encoding a deduced Chyb protein (34.8 kDa) with a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.36. A bioinformatics analysis showed that the L. barbarum Chyb was located in the chloroplast. Further, to investigate the catalytic activity of the L. barbarum Chyb, a complementation analysis was conducted in Escherichia coli. The results strongly demonstrated that Chyb can catalyze β-carotene to produce zeaxanthin. Thus, this study suggests that L. barbarum β-carotene hydroxylase could be a means of zeaxanthin production by genetic manipulation in E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China; College of Agronomy & Resources and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|