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Robey JMS, Maity S, Aleshire SL, Ghosh A, Yadaw AK, Roy S, Mear SJ, Jamison TF, Sirasani G, Senanayake CH, Stringham RW, Gupton BF, Donsbach KO, Nelson RC, Shanahan CS. Application of Chiral Transfer Reagents to Improve Stereoselectivity and Yields in the Synthesis of the Antituberculosis Drug Bedaquiline. Org Process Res Dev 2023; 27:2146-2159. [PMID: 38025988 PMCID: PMC10661061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.3c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Bedaquiline (BDQ) is an important drug for treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), a worldwide disease that causes more than 1.6 million deaths yearly. The current synthetic strategy adopted by the manufacturers to assemble this molecule relies on a nucleophilic addition reaction of a quinoline fragment to a ketone, but it suffers from low conversion and no stereoselectivity, which subsequently increases the cost of manufacturing BDQ. The Medicines for All Institute (M4ALL) has developed a new reaction methodology to this process that not only allows high conversion of starting materials but also results in good diastereo- and enantioselectivity toward the desired BDQ stereoisomer. A variety of chiral lithium amides derived from amino acids were studied, and it was found that lithium (R)-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidide, obtained from d-proline, results in high assay yield of the desired syn-diastereomer pair (82%) and with considerable stereocontrol (d.r. = 13.6:1, e.r. = 3.6:1, 56% ee), providing BDQ in up to a 64% assay yield before purification steps toward the final API. This represents a considerable improvement in the BDQ yield compared to previously reported conditions and could be critical to further lowering the cost of this life-saving drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M. S. Robey
- Medicines
for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Sanjay Maity
- Medicines
for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Sarah L. Aleshire
- Medicines
for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Angshuman Ghosh
- R&D
Centre, TCG Life Sciences Pvt. Limited, Kolkata, WB 700091, India
| | - Ajay K. Yadaw
- R&D
Centre, TCG Life Sciences Pvt. Limited, Kolkata, WB 700091, India
| | - Subho Roy
- R&D
Centre, TCG Life Sciences Pvt. Limited, Kolkata, WB 700091, India
| | - Sarah Jane Mear
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gopal Sirasani
- TCG
GreenChem, Inc., Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | | | - Rodger W. Stringham
- Medicines
for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - B. Frank Gupton
- Medicines
for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Kai O. Donsbach
- Medicines
for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Ryan C. Nelson
- Medicines
for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
| | - Charles S. Shanahan
- Medicines
for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3068, United
States
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Hsieh JC. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Addition/Cyclization Reactions of the C-N Multiple Bonds Containing Species. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3370-3381. [PMID: 33570231 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This article describes our research work for the past decade, which involves the transition-metal-catalyzed cyclization reactions of the C-N multiple bonds containing species and their synthetic applications to access various heterocyclic compounds. The concepts of reactions including four types of coupling with a subsequent cyclization are (1) the transition-metal performs as a Lewis acid to activate a nitrile and accelerate the nucleophilic addition, (2) the transition-metal-catalyzed 1,2-insertion reaction of nitrile, (3) the Cu-catalyzed C-N coupling reaction of imine, and (4) the Co-catalyzed addition/cyclization reaction of imine. These methods can be used to synthesize various N-containing aromatic heterocycles with higher efficiency, and can be applied to the synthesis of relevent natural alkaloids, their derivatives as well as biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Chieh Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan (R.O.C
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3
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Benischke AD, Anthore-Dalion L, Berionni G, Knochel P. Preparation of Functionalized Diaryl- and Diheteroaryllanthanum Reagents by Fast Halogen-Lanthanum Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16390-16394. [PMID: 29052932 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aryl and heteroaryl halides (X=Br, I) undergo a fast and convenient halogen-lanthanum exchange with nBu2 LaMe, which leads to functionalized diaryl- and diheteroaryllanthanum derivatives. Subsequent trapping reactions with selected electrophiles, such as ketones, aldehydes, or amides, proceeded smoothly at -50 °C in THF, affording polyfunctionalized alcohols and carbonyl derivatives. Kinetic competition experiments revealed a similar reactivity trend as for Br/Mg exchange, but 106 -times higher rates, making it comparable to Br/Li exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas D Benischke
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Lucile Anthore-Dalion
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Guillaume Berionni
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
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Dong C, Bai XF, Lv JY, Cui YM, Cao J, Zheng ZJ, Xu LW. Cs₂CO₃-Initiated Trifluoro-Methylation of Chalcones and Ketones for Practical Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Tertiary Silyl Ethers. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050769. [PMID: 28524100 PMCID: PMC6154635 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It was found that 1,2-trifluoromethylation reactions of ketones, enones, and aldehydes were easily accomplished using the Prakash reagent in the presence of catalytic amounts of cesium carbonate, which represents an experimentally convenient, atom-economic process for this anionic trifluoromethylation of non-enolisable aldehydes and ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Xing-Feng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Ji-Yuan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Cui
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Jian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Zhan-Jiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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Saadi J, Bentz C, Redies K, Lentz D, Zimmer R, Reissig HU. Stereoselective synthesis of tricyclic compounds by intramolecular palladium-catalyzed addition of aryl iodides to carbonyl groups. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1236-42. [PMID: 27559374 PMCID: PMC4979759 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting from γ-ketoesters with an o-iodobenzyl group we studied a palladium-catalyzed cyclization process that stereoselectively led to bi- and tricyclic compounds in moderate to excellent yields. Four X-ray crystal structure analyses unequivocally defined the structure of crucial cyclization products. The relative configuration of the precursor compounds is essentially transferred to that of the products and the formed hydroxy group in the newly generated cyclohexane ring is consistently in trans-arrangement with respect to the methoxycarbonyl group. A transition-state model is proposed to explain the observed stereochemical outcome. This palladium-catalyzed Barbier-type reaction requires a reduction of palladium(II) back to palladium(0) which is apparently achieved by the present triethylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Saadi
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Bentz
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Redies
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Lentz
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhold Zimmer
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Based on the asymmetric copper-catalyzed 1,2-addition of Grignard reagents to ketones, (R,R,R)-γ-tocopherol has been synthesized in 36 % yield over 12 steps (longest linear sequence). The chiral center in the chroman ring was constructed with 73 % ee by the 1,2-addition of a phytol-derived Grignard reagent to an α-bromo enone prepared from 2,3-dimethylquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Wu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen (The Netherlands)
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Molander GA, Sandrock DL. Potassium trifluoroborate salts as convenient, stable reagents for difficult alkyl transfers. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel 2009; 12:811-823. [PMID: 19894192 PMCID: PMC2908178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed the emergence of potassium organotrifluoroborates as a new class of nucleophilic boron reagents for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and Rh-catalyzed addition reactions. Potassium organotrifluoroborates are easily prepared, and most are indefinitely stable to air and moisture. Recent advances have focused on the utility of alkyltrifluoroborates in appending alkyl groups selectively and conveniently onto appropriate molecular substructures. This review describes strategies employing these reagents as nucleophilic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Molander
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Chemistry, 231 S 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA.
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