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Bai B, Shan L, Wang J, Hu J, Zheng W, Lv Y, Chen K, Xu D, Zhu H. Small molecule 2,3-DCPE induces S phase arrest by activating the ATM/ATR-Chk1-Cdc25A signaling pathway in DLD-1 colon cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:294. [PMID: 33101488 PMCID: PMC7576987 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, it was reported that 2[[3-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]amino]ethanol (2,3-DCPE) induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The current study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism involved in 2,3-DCPE-induced S phase arrest. The results demonstrated that 2,3-DCPE upregulated phosphorylated (p-)H2A histone family member X, a biomarker of DNA damage, in the DLD-1 colon cancer cell line. Western blotting revealed that 2,3-DCPE increased the checkpoint kinase (Chk)1 (Ser317 and Ser345) level and decreased the expression of M-phase inducer phosphatase 1 (Cdc25A) in a time-dependent manner. Subsequently, the results demonstrated that the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) inhibitors wortmannin and caffeine had no effect on the cell cycle; however, the inhibitors partially abrogated 2,3-DCPE-induced S phase arrest. Flow cytometry assays revealed that caffeine (2 mM) reduced the proportion of S phase cells from 83 to 39.6% and that wortmannin (500 nM) reduced the proportion of S phase cells from 83 to 48.2%. Furthermore, wortmannin and caffeine inhibited the 2,3-DCPE-mediated phosphorylation of Chk1 and the degradation of Cdc25A. However, these ATM/ATR inhibitors had limited effect on 2,3-DCPE-induced apoptosis. Taken together, the data of the current study indicated that 2,3-DCPE caused DNA damage in colon cancer cells and that 2,3-DCPE-induced S phase arrest was associated with the activation of the ATM/ATR-Chk1-Cdc25A pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjun Bai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Lina Shan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Deqing People's Hospital/Deqing Campus, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313216, P.R. China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Lv
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Kangke Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Dengyong Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
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