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Beck JD, Diken M, Suchan M, Streuber M, Diken E, Kolb L, Allnoch L, Vascotto F, Peters D, Beißert T, Akilli-Öztürk Ö, Türeci Ö, Kreiter S, Vormehr M, Sahin U. Long-lasting mRNA-encoded interleukin-2 restores CD8 + T cell neoantigen immunity in MHC class I-deficient cancers. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:568-582.e11. [PMID: 38490213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen presentation deficiency is a common cancer immune escape mechanism, but the mechanistic implications and potential strategies to address this challenge remain poorly understood. Studying β2-microglobulin (B2M) deficient mouse tumor models, we find that MHC class I loss leads to a substantial immune desertification of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and broad resistance to immune-, chemo-, and radiotherapy. We show that treatment with long-lasting mRNA-encoded interleukin-2 (IL-2) restores an immune cell infiltrated, IFNγ-promoted, highly proinflammatory TME signature, and when combined with a tumor-targeting monoclonal antibody (mAB), can overcome therapeutic resistance. Unexpectedly, the effectiveness of this treatment is driven by IFNγ-releasing CD8+ T cells that recognize neoantigens cross-presented by TME-resident activated macrophages. These macrophages acquire augmented antigen presentation proficiency and other M1-phenotype-associated features under IL-2 treatment. Our findings highlight the importance of restoring neoantigen-specific immune responses in the treatment of cancers with MHC class I deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan D Beck
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Freiligrathstr. 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mustafa Diken
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Freiligrathstr. 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany; BioNTech SE, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Suchan
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Freiligrathstr. 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Streuber
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Freiligrathstr. 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elif Diken
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Freiligrathstr. 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Laura Kolb
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Freiligrathstr. 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lisa Allnoch
- BioNTech SE, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fulvia Vascotto
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Freiligrathstr. 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Peters
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Freiligrathstr. 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tim Beißert
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Freiligrathstr. 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Özlem Akilli-Öztürk
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Freiligrathstr. 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Özlem Türeci
- BioNTech SE, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kreiter
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Freiligrathstr. 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany; BioNTech SE, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Ugur Sahin
- BioNTech SE, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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