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Keshavarz M, Jahanshahi M, Hasany M, Kadumudi FB, Mehrali M, Shahbazi MA, Alizadeh P, Orive G, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A. Smart alginate inks for tissue engineering applications. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100829. [PMID: 37841801 PMCID: PMC10568307 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Amazing achievements have been made in the field of tissue engineering during the past decades. However, we have not yet seen fully functional human heart, liver, brain, or kidney tissue emerge from the clinics. The promise of tissue engineering is thus still not fully unleashed. This is mainly related to the challenges associated with producing tissue constructs with similar complexity as native tissue. Bioprinting is an innovative technology that has been used to obliterate these obstacles. Nevertheless, natural organs are highly dynamic and can change shape over time; this is part of their functional repertoire inside the body. 3D-bioprinted tissue constructs should likewise adapt to their surrounding environment and not remain static. For this reason, the new trend in the field is 4D bioprinting - a new method that delivers printed constructs that can evolve their shape and function over time. A key lack of methodology for printing approaches is the scalability, easy-to-print, and intelligent inks. Alginate plays a vital role in driving innovative progress in 3D and 4D bioprinting due to its exceptional properties, scalability, and versatility. Alginate's ability to support 3D and 4D printing methods positions it as a key material for fueling advancements in bioprinting across various applications, from tissue engineering to regenerative medicine and beyond. Here, we review the current progress in designing scalable alginate (Alg) bioinks for 3D and 4D bioprinting in a "dry"/air state. Our focus is primarily on tissue engineering, however, these next-generation materials could be used in the emerging fields of soft robotics, bioelectronics, and cyborganics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Keshavarz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box: 14115-143, Tehran, Iran
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Mohammadjavad Jahanshahi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jiroft, P. O. Box 8767161167, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Masoud Hasany
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Firoz Babu Kadumudi
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mehdi Mehrali
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Parvin Alizadeh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box: 14115-143, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
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Huang Y, Li Q, Ye W, Huang Z, Qin H, Zhao M, Liu M. [ 4D bioprinting technology and its application in cardiovascular tissue engineering]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2023; 39:4046-4056. [PMID: 37877389 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.230240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
3D bioprinting technology is a rapidly developing technique that employs bioinks containing biological materials and living cells to construct biomedical products. However, 3D-printed tissues are static, while human tissues are in real-time dynamic states that can change in morphology and performance. To improve the compatibility between in vitro and in vivo environments, an in vitro tissue engineering technique that simulates this dynamic process is required. The concept of 4D printing, which combines "3D printing + time" provides a new approach to achieving this complex technique. 4D printing involves applying one or more smart materials that respond to stimuli, enabling them to change their shape, performance, and function under the corresponding stimulus to meet various needs. This article focuses on the latest research progress and potential application areas of 4D printing technology in the cardiovascular system, providing a theoretical and practical reference for the development of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wu Ye
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziming Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanxiao Qin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Liu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang, China
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Faber L, Yau A, Chen Y. Translational biomaterials of four-dimensional bioprinting for tissue regeneration. Biofabrication 2023; 16:012001. [PMID: 37757814 PMCID: PMC10561158 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acfdd0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting is an additive manufacturing technique that combines living cells, biomaterials, and biological molecules to develop biologically functional constructs. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is commonly used as anin vitromodeling system and is a more accurate representation ofin vivoconditions in comparison to two-dimensional cell culture. Although 3D bioprinting has been utilized in various tissue engineering and clinical applications, it only takes into consideration the initial state of the printed scaffold or object. Four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting has emerged in recent years to incorporate the additional dimension of time within the printed 3D scaffolds. During the 4D bioprinting process, an external stimulus is exposed to the printed construct, which ultimately changes its shape or functionality. By studying how the structures and the embedded cells respond to various stimuli, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the functionality of native tissues. This review paper will focus on the biomaterial breakthroughs in the newly advancing field of 4D bioprinting and their applications in tissue engineering and regeneration. In addition, the use of smart biomaterials and 4D printing mechanisms for tissue engineering applications is discussed to demonstrate potential insights for novel 4D bioprinting applications. To address the current challenges with this technology, we will conclude with future perspectives involving the incorporation of biological scaffolds and self-assembling nanomaterials in bioprinted tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Faber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
| | - Anne Yau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
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McLoughlin ST, McKenna AR, Fisher JP. 4D Bioprinting via Molecular Network Contraction for Membranous Tissue Fabrication. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300642. [PMID: 37463127 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Generation of thin membranous tissues (TMT), such as the cornea, epidermis, and periosteum, presents a difficult fabrication challenge in tissue engineering (TE). TMTs consist of several cell layers that are less than 100 µm in thickness per layer. While traditional methods provide the necessary resolution for TMT fabrication, they require significant handling and incorporation of several layers is limited. Extrusion bioprinting offers precise control over deposition of different biomaterials and cell populations within the same construct but lacks the resolution to generate biomimetic TMTs. For the first time, a 4D bioprinting strategy that allows for the generation of cell-laden TMTs is developed. Anionic gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels are treated with cationic poly-l-lysine (PLL), which induces charge attraction, microscale network collapse, and macroscale hydrogel shrinking. The impact of shrinking on hydrogel properties, print resolution, and cell viability is presented. Additionally, this work suggests that a novel mechanism is occurring, where PLL exhibits a contractile force on GelMA and PLL molecular weight drives GelMA shrinking capabilities. Finally, it is shown that this phenomenon can occur while maintaining an encapsulated cell population. These findings address a critical barrier by generating macroscale tissue structures with their microscale TMT counterparts in the same print.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon T McLoughlin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Abigail R McKenna
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - John P Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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5
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Agarwal N, Solanki VS, Ameta KL, Yadav VK, Gupta P, Wanale SG, Shrivastava R, Soni A, Sahoo DK, Patel A. 4-Dimensional printing: exploring current and future capabilities in biomedical and healthcare systems-a Concise review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1251425. [PMID: 37675401 PMCID: PMC10478005 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1251425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
4-Dimensional Printing (4DP) is the latest concept in the pharmacy and biomedical segment with enormous potential in dosage from personalization and medication designing, which adopts time as the fourth dimension, giving printed structures the flexibility to modify their morphology. It can be defined as the fabrication in morphology with the help of smart/intelligent materials like polymers that permit the final object to alter its properties, shape, or function in response to external stimuli such as heat, light, pH, and moisture. The applications of 4DP in biomedicines and healthcare are explored with a focus on tissue engineering, artificial organs, drug delivery, pharmaceutical and biomedical field, etc. In the medical treatments and pharmaceutical field 4DP is paving the way with unlimited potential applications; however, its mainstream use in healthcare and medical treatments is highly dependent on future developments and thorough research findings. Therefore, previous innovations with smart materials are likely to act as precursors of 4DP in many industries. This review highlights the most recent applications of 4DP technology and smart materials in biomedical and healthcare fields which can show a better perspective of 4DP applications in the future. However, in view of the existing limitations, major challenges of this technology must be addressed along with some suggestions for future research. We believe that the application of proper regulatory constraints with 4DP technology would pave the way for the next technological revolution in the biomedical and healthcare sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Navyug Kanya Mahavidyalaya, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Vijendra Singh Solanki
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Research (ISR), IPS Academy, Indore, India
| | - Keshav Lalit Ameta
- Centre for Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Material Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gujarat, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
| | - Premlata Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Research (ISR), IPS Academy, Indore, India
| | | | - Ruchi Shrivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Research (ISR), IPS Academy, Indore, India
| | - Anjali Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Medicaps University, Indore, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
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Rahimnejad M, Jahangiri S, Zirak Hassan Kiadeh S, Rezvaninejad S, Ahmadi Z, Ahmadi S, Safarkhani M, Rabiee N. Stimuli-responsive biomaterials: smart avenue toward 4D bioprinting. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023:1-32. [PMID: 37442771 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2213398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
3D bioprinting is an advanced technology combining cells and bioactive molecules within a single bioscaffold; however, this scaffold cannot change, modify or grow in response to a dynamic implemented environment. Lately, a new era of smart polymers and hydrogels has emerged, which can add another dimension, e.g., time to 3D bioprinting, to address some of the current approaches' limitations. This concept is indicated as 4D bioprinting. This approach may assist in fabricating tissue-like structures with a configuration and function that mimic the natural tissue. These scaffolds can change and reform as the tissue are transformed with the potential of specific drug or biomolecules released for various biomedical applications, such as biosensing, wound healing, soft robotics, drug delivery, and tissue engineering, though 4D bioprinting is still in its early stages and more works are required to advance it. In this review article, the critical challenge in the field of 4D bioprinting and transformations from 3D bioprinting to 4D phases is reviewed. Also, the mechanistic aspects from the chemistry and material science point of view are discussed too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Rahimnejad
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Sepideh Jahangiri
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | | | - Zarrin Ahmadi
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Safarkhani
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Noroozi R, Arif ZU, Taghvaei H, Khalid MY, Sahbafar H, Hadi A, Sadeghianmaryan A, Chen X. 3D and 4D Bioprinting Technologies: A Game Changer for the Biomedical Sector? Ann Biomed Eng 2023:10.1007/s10439-023-03243-9. [PMID: 37261588 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting is an innovative and emerging technology of additive manufacturing (AM) and has revolutionized the biomedical sector by printing three-dimensional (3D) cell-laden constructs in a precise and controlled manner for numerous clinical applications. This approach uses biomaterials and varying types of cells to print constructs for tissue regeneration, e.g., cardiac, bone, corneal, cartilage, neural, and skin. Furthermore, bioprinting technology helps to develop drug delivery and wound healing systems, bio-actuators, bio-robotics, and bio-sensors. More recently, the development of four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting technology and stimuli-responsive materials has transformed the biomedical sector with numerous innovations and revolutions. This issue also leads to the exponential growth of the bioprinting market, with a value over billions of dollars. The present study reviews the concepts and developments of 3D and 4D bioprinting technologies, surveys the applications of these technologies in the biomedical sector, and discusses their potential research topics for future works. It is also urged that collaborative and valiant efforts from clinicians, engineers, scientists, and regulatory bodies are needed for translating this technology into the biomedical, pharmaceutical, and healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Noroozi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zia Ullah Arif
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management & Technology, Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Lahore, 51041, Pakistan
| | - Hadi Taghvaei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Yasir Khalid
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hossein Sahbafar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Hadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Ali Sadeghianmaryan
- Postdoctoral Researcher Fellow at Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N5A9, Canada.
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N5A9, Canada
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8
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Díaz-Payno PJ, Kalogeropoulou M, Muntz I, Kingma E, Kops N, D'Este M, Koenderink GH, Fratila-Apachitei LE, van Osch GJVM, Zadpoor AA. Swelling-Dependent Shape-Based Transformation of a Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells-Laden 4D Bioprinted Construct for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201891. [PMID: 36308047 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
3D bioprinting is usually implemented on flat surfaces, posing serious limitations in the fabrication of multilayered curved constructs. 4D bioprinting, combining 3D bioprinting with time-dependent stimuli-induced transformation, enables the fabrication of shape-changing constructs. Here, a 4D biofabrication method is reported for cartilage engineering based on the differential swelling of a smart multi-material system made from two hydrogel-based materials: hyaluronan and alginate. Two ink formulations are used: tyramine-functionalized hyaluronan (HAT, high-swelling) and alginate with HAT (AHAT, low-swelling). Both inks have similar elastic, shear-thinning, and printability behavior. The inks are 3D printed into a bilayered scaffold before triggering the shape-change by using liquid immersion as stimulus. In time (4D), the differential swelling between the two zones leads to the scaffold's self-bending. Different designs are made to tune the radius of curvature and shape. A bioprinted formulation of AHAT and human bone marrow cells demonstrates high cell viability. After 28 days in chondrogenic medium, the curvature is clearly present while cartilage-like matrix production is visible on histology. A proof-of-concept of the recently emerged technology of 4D bioprinting with a specific application for the design of curved structures potentially mimicking the curvature and multilayer cellular nature of native cartilage is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Díaz-Payno
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CD, Netherlands.,Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, Netherlands
| | - Maria Kalogeropoulou
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CD, Netherlands
| | - Iain Muntz
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CD, Netherlands
| | - Esther Kingma
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CD, Netherlands
| | - Nicole Kops
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, Netherlands
| | - Matteo D'Este
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, 7270, Switzerland
| | - Gijsje H Koenderink
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CD, Netherlands
| | - Lidy E Fratila-Apachitei
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CD, Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J V M van Osch
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CD, Netherlands.,Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CD, Netherlands
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Pourmasoumi P, Moghaddam A, Nemati Mahand S, Heidari F, Salehi Moghaddam Z, Arjmand M, Kühnert I, Kruppke B, Wiesmann HP, Khonakdar HA. A review on the recent progress, opportunities, and challenges of 4D printing and bioprinting in regenerative medicine. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2023; 34:108-146. [PMID: 35924585 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2110480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Four-dimensional (4 D) printing is a novel emerging technology, which can be defined as the ability of 3 D printed materials to change their form and functions. The term 'time' is added to 3 D printing as the fourth dimension, in which materials can respond to a stimulus after finishing the manufacturing process. 4 D printing provides more versatility in terms of size, shape, and structure after printing the construct. Complex material programmability, multi-material printing, and precise structure design are the essential requirements of 4 D printing systems. The utilization of stimuli-responsive polymers has increasingly taken the place of cell traction force-dependent methods and manual folding, offering a more advanced technique to affect a construct's adjusted shape transformation. The present review highlights the concept of 4 D printing and the responsive bioinks used in 4 D printing, such as water-responsive, pH-responsive, thermo-responsive, and light-responsive materials used in tissue regeneration. Cell traction force methods are described as well. Finally, this paper aims to introduce the limitations and future trends of 4 D printing in biomedical applications based on selected key references from the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Heidari
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salehi Moghaddam
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arjmand
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Ines Kühnert
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kruppke
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Wiesmann
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hossein Ali Khonakdar
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran, Iran.,Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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10
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Abstract
4D bioprinting techniques that facilitate formation of shape-changing scaffold-free cell condensates with prescribed geometries have yet been demonstrated. Here, a simple 4D bioprinting approach is presented that enables formation of a shape-morphing cell condensate-laden bilayer system. The strategy produces scaffold-free cell condensates which morph over time into predefined complex shapes. Cell condensate-laden bilayers with specific geometries are readily fabricated by bioprinting technologies. The bilayers have tunable deformability and microgel (MG) degradation, enabling controllable morphological transformations and on-demand liberation of deformed cell condensates. With this system, large cell condensate-laden constructs with various complex shapes are obtained. As a proof-of-concept study, the formation of the letter "C"- and helix-shaped robust cartilage-like tissues differentiated from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is demonstrated. This system brings about a versatile 4D bioprinting platform idea that is anticipated to broaden and facilitate the applications of cell condensation-based 4D bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixiang Ding
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Rui Tang
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Kaelyn L Gasvoda
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Felicia He
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
- Departments of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Orthopaedics, and Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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11
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Chakraborty J, Mu X, Pramanick A, Kaplan DL, Ghosh S. Recent advances in bioprinting using silk protein-based bioinks. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121672. [PMID: 35835001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
3D printing has experienced swift growth for biological applications in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Essential features of bioprinting include determining the appropriate bioink, printing speed mechanics, and print resolution while also maintaining cytocompatibility. However, the scarcity of bioinks that provide printing and print properties and cell support remains a limitation. Silk Fibroin (SF) displays exceptional features and versatility for inks and shows the potential to print complex structures with tunable mechanical properties, degradation rates, and cytocompatibility. Here we summarize recent advances and needs with the use of SF protein from Bombyx mori silkworm as a bioink, including crosslinking methods for extrusion bioprinting using SF and the maintenance of cell viability during and post bioprinting. Additionally, we discuss how encapsulated cells within these SF-based 3D bioprinted constructs are differentiated into various lineages such as skin, cartilage, and bone to expedite tissue regeneration. We then shift the focus towards SF-based 3D printing applications, including magnetically decorated hydrogels, in situ bioprinting, and a next-generation 4D bioprinting approach. Future perspectives on improvements in printing strategies and the use of multicomponent bioinks to improve print fidelity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Chakraborty
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Xuan Mu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 2155, USA
| | - Ankita Pramanick
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 2155, USA
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India.
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12
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Amukarimi S, Rezvani Z, Eghtesadi N, Mozafari M. Smart biomaterials: From 3D printing to 4D bioprinting. Methods 2022; 205:191-199. [PMID: 35810960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This century is blessed with enhanced medical facilities on the grounds of the development of smart biomaterials. The rise of the four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting technology is a shining example. Using inert biomaterials as the bioinks for the three-dimensional (3D) printing process, static objects that might not be able to mimic the dynamic nature of tissues would be fabricated; by contrast, 4D bioprinting can be used for the fabrication of stimuli-responsive cell-laden structures that can evolve with time and enable engineered tissues to undergo morphological changes in a pre-planned way. For all the aptitude of 4D bioprinting technology in tissue engineering, it is imperative to select suitable stimuli-responsive biomaterials with cell-supporting functionalities and responsiveness; as a result, in this article, recent advances and challenges in smart biomaterials for 4D bioprinting are briefly discussed. An overview perspective concerning the latest developments in 4D-bioprinting is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukufe Amukarimi
- Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rezvani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico Di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Neda Eghtesadi
- Inorganic Chemistry Group, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Nadine S, Chung A, Diltemiz SE, Yasuda B, Lee C, Hosseini V, Karamikamkar S, de Barros NR, Mandal K, Advani S, Zamanian BB, Mecwan M, Zhu Y, Mofidfar M, Zare MR, Mano J, Dokmeci MR, Alambeigi F, Ahadian S. Advances in microfabrication technologies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Artif Organs 2022; 46:E211-E243. [PMID: 35349178 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue engineering provides various strategies to fabricate an appropriate microenvironment to support the repair and regeneration of lost or damaged tissues. In this matter, several technologies have been implemented to construct close-to-native three-dimensional structures at numerous physiological scales, which are essential to confer the functional characteristics of living tissues. METHODS In this article, we review a variety of microfabrication technologies that are currently utilized for several tissue engineering applications, such as soft lithography, microneedles, templated and self-assembly of microstructures, microfluidics, fiber spinning, and bioprinting. RESULTS These technologies have considerably helped us to precisely manipulate cells or cellular constructs for the fabrication of biomimetic tissues and organs. Although currently available tissues still lack some crucial functionalities, including vascular networks, innervation, and lymphatic system, microfabrication strategies are being proposed to overcome these issues. Moreover, the microfabrication techniques that have progressed to the preclinical stage are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS This article aims to highlight the advantages and drawbacks of each technique and areas of further research for a more comprehensive and evolving understanding of microfabrication techniques in terms of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nadine
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA.,CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ada Chung
- Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Brooke Yasuda
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Charles Lee
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Station 1, Lawrence, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Solmaz Karamikamkar
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Kalpana Mandal
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shailesh Advani
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Marvin Mecwan
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohammad Mofidfar
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | - João Mano
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Farshid Alambeigi
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
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14
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Ding A, Lee SJ, Ayyagari S, Tang R, Huynh CT, Alsberg E. 4D biofabrication via instantly generated graded hydrogel scaffolds. Bioact Mater 2022; 7:324-332. [PMID: 34466735 PMCID: PMC8379339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of graded biomaterials to render shape-morphing scaffolds for 4D biofabrication holds great promise in fabrication of complex structures and the recapitulation of critical dynamics for tissue/organ regeneration. Here we describe a facile generation of an adjustable and robust gradient using a single- or multi-material one-step fabrication strategy for 4D biofabrication. By simply photocrosslinking a mixed solution of a photocrosslinkable polymer macromer, photoinitiator (PI), UV absorber and live cells, a cell-laden gradient hydrogel with pre-programmable deformation can be generated. Gradient formation was demonstrated in various polymers including poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), alginate, and gelatin derivatives using various UV absorbers that present overlap in UV spectrum with that of the PI UV absorbance spectrum. Moreover, this simple and effective method was used as a universal platform to integrate with other hydrogel-engineering techniques such as photomask-aided microfabrication, photo-patterning, ion-transfer printing, and 3D bioprinting to fabricate more advanced cell-laden scaffold structures. Lastly, proof-of-concept 4D tissue engineering was demonstrated in a study of 4D bone-like tissue formation. The strategy's simplicity along with its versatility paves a new way in solving the hurdle of achieving temporal shape changes in cell-laden single-component hydrogel scaffolds and may expedite the development of 4D biofabricated constructs for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixiang Ding
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sriramya Ayyagari
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rui Tang
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Cong Truc Huynh
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Departments of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Orthopaedics, and Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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15
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Abstract
Four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting is an emerging biofabrication technology that integrates time as a fourth dimension with three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting for fabricating customizable tissue-engineered implants. 4D bioprinted implants are expected to possess self-healing and shape memory properties for new application opportunities, for instance, fabrication of devices with good shape integrity for minimally invasive surgery. Herein, we developed a self-healing hydrogel composed of biodegradable polyurethane (PU) nanoparticles and photo-/thermo-responsive gelatin-based biomaterials. The self-healing property of hydrogel may be associated with the formation of reversible ionomeric interaction between the COO-group of PU nanoparticles and NH3+group on the gelatin chains. The self-healing hydrogel demonstrated excellent 3D printability and filament resolution. The UV-crosslinked printed hydrogel showed good stackability (>80 layers), structural stability, elasticity, and tunable modulus (1-60 kPa). The shape-memorizable 4D printed constructs revealed good shape fixity (∼95%) and shape recovery (∼98%) through the elasticity as well as forming and collapsing of water lattice in the hydrogel. The hydrogel and the printing process supported the continuous proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) (∼3.7-fold after 14 days). Moreover, the individually bioprinted NSCs and mesenchymal stem cells in the adjacent, self-healed filaments showed mutual migration and such interaction promoted the cell differentiation behavior. The cryopreserved (-20 °C or -80 °C) 4D bioprinted hydrogel after awakening and shape recovery at 37 °C demonstrated cell proliferation similar to that of the non-cryopreserved control. This 4D bioprintable, self-healable hydrogel with shape memory and cryopreserving properties may be employed for customized biofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Da Wu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, Republic of China
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16
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Abstract
The field of bioprinting is rapidly evolving as researchers innovate and drive the field forward. This chapter provides a brief overview of the history of bioprinting from the first described printer system in the early 2000s to present-day relatively inexpensive commercially available units and considers the current state of the field and emerging trends, including selected applications and techniques.
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17
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Wan Z, Zhang P, Liu Y, Lv L, Zhou Y. Four-dimensional bioprinting: Current developments and applications in bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2020; 101:26-42. [PMID: 31672585 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting, in which the concept of time is integrated with three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting as the fourth dimension, has currently emerged as the next-generation solution of tissue engineering as it presents the possibility of constructing complex, functional structures. 4D bioprinting can be used to fabricate dynamic 3D-patterned biological architectures that will change their shapes under various stimuli by employing stimuli-responsive materials. The functional transformation and maturation of printed cell-laden constructs over time are also regarded as 4D bioprinting, providing unprecedented potential for bone tissue engineering. The shape memory properties of printed structures cater to the need for personalized bone defect repair and the functional maturation procedures promote the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. In this review, we introduce the application of different stimuli-responsive biomaterials in tissue engineering and a series of 4D bioprinting strategies based on functional transformation of printed structures. Furthermore, we discuss the application of 4D bioprinting in bone tissue engineering, as well as the current challenges and future perspectives. STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this review, we have demonstrated the 4D bioprinting technologies, which integrate the concept of time within the traditional 3D bioprinting technology as the fourth dimension and facilitate the fabrications of complex, functional biological architectures. These 4D bioprinting structures could go through shape or functional transformation over time via using different stimuli-responsive biomaterials and a series of 4D bioprinting strategies. Moreover, by summarizing potential applications of 4D bioprinting in the field of bone tissue engineering, these emerging technologies could fulfill unaddressed medical requirements. The further discussions about future challenges and perspectives will give us more inspirations about widespread applications of this emerging technology for tissue engineering in biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Wan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Longwei Lv
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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18
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Ashammakhi N, Ahadian S, Zengjie F, Suthiwanich K, Lorestani F, Orive G, Ostrovidov S, Khademhosseini A. Advances and Future Perspectives in 4D Bioprinting. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1800148. [PMID: 30221837 PMCID: PMC6433173 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensionally printed constructs are static and do not recapitulate the dynamic nature of tissues. Four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting has emerged to include conformational changes in printed structures in a predetermined fashion using stimuli-responsive biomaterials and/or cells. The ability to make such dynamic constructs would enable an individual to fabricate tissue structures that can undergo morphological changes. Furthermore, other fields (bioactuation, biorobotics, and biosensing) will benefit from developments in 4D bioprinting. Here, the authors discuss stimuli-responsive biomaterials as potential bioinks for 4D bioprinting. Natural cell forces can also be incorporated into 4D bioprinted structures. The authors introduce mathematical modeling to predict the transition and final state of 4D printed constructs. Different potential applications of 4D bioprinting are also described. Finally, the authors highlight future perspectives for this emerging technology in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fan Zengjie
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Kasinan Suthiwanich
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Farnaz Lorestani
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gorka Orive
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Vitoria, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Serge Ostrovidov
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Center of Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Miao S, Cui H, Nowicki M, Xia L, Zhou X, Lee SJ, Zhu W, Sarkar K, Zhang Z, Zhang LG. Stereolithographic 4D Bioprinting of Multiresponsive Architectures for Neural Engineering. Adv Biosyst 2018; 2:1800101. [PMID: 30906853 PMCID: PMC6430203 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
4D printing represents one of the most advanced fabrication techniques for prospective applications in tissue engineering, biomedical devices, and soft robotics, among others. In this study, a novel multiresponsive architecture is developed through stereolithography-based 4D printing, where a universal concept of stress-induced shape transformation is applied to achieve the 4D reprogramming. The light-induced graded internal stress followed by a subsequent solvent-induced relaxation, driving an autonomous and reversible change of the programmed configuration after printing, is employed and investigated in depth and details. Moreover, the fabricated construct possesses shape memory property, offering a characteristic of multiple shape change. Using this novel multiple responsive 4D technique, a proof-of-concept smart nerve guidance conduit is demonstrated on a graphene hybrid 4D construct providing outstanding multifunctional characteristics for nerve regeneration including physical guidance, chemical cues, dynamic self-entubulation, and seamless integration. By employing this fabrication technique, creating multiresponsive smart architectures, as well as demonstrating application potential, this work paves the way for truly initiation of 4D printing in various high-value research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shida Miao
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA,
| | - Haitao Cui
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA,
| | - Margaret Nowicki
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA,
| | - Lang Xia
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA,
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA,
| | - Se-Jun Lee
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA,
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA,
| | - Kausik Sarkar
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA,
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing Technologies of Guangzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong, Province 510150, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA,
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