1
|
Elsworth RL, Monge A, Perry R, Hinton EC, Flynn AN, Whitmarsh A, Hamilton-Shield JP, Lawrence NS, Brunstrom JM. The Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Appetite: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112604. [PMID: 37299567 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, narrative reviews have considered the effects of intermittent fasting on appetite. One suggestion is that intermittent fasting attenuates an increase in appetite that typically accompanies weight loss. Here, we conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the effects of intermittent fasting on appetite, when compared to a continuous energy restriction intervention. Five electronic databases and trial registers were searched in February 2021 and February 2022. Abstracts (N = 2800) were screened and 17 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), consisting of a variety of intermittent fasting regimes, met our inclusion criteria. The total number of participants allocated to interventions was 1111 and all RCTs were judged as having either some concerns or a high risk of bias (Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool). Random effects meta-analyses were conducted on change-from-baseline appetite ratings. There was no clear evidence that intermittent fasting affected hunger (WMD = -3.03; 95% CI [-8.13, 2.08]; p = 0.25; N = 13), fullness (WMD = 3.11; 95% CI [-1.46, 7.69]; p = 0.18; N = 10), desire to eat (WMD = -3.89; 95% CI [-12.62, 4.83]; p = 0.38; N = 6), or prospective food consumption (WMD = -2.82; 95% CI [-3.87, 9.03]; p = 0.43; N = 5), differently to continuous energy restriction interventions. Our results suggest that intermittent fasting does not mitigate an increase in our drive to eat that is often associated with continuous energy restriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Elsworth
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
| | - Angelica Monge
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
| | - Rachel Perry
- Bristol Heart Institute and Bristol Trials Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1NU, UK
| | - Elanor C Hinton
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Annika N Flynn
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
| | - Alex Whitmarsh
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Julian P Hamilton-Shield
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | | | - Jeffrey M Brunstrom
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| |
Collapse
|