Gastric Cancer: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Gastric cancer stands as a significant global health concern, particularly prevalent in Eastern Asia, with high mortality rates urging urgent attention and research efforts. This article comprehensively explores the epidemiology, anatomy, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging, treatment modalities, prevention strategies, and survival rates associated with gastric cancer. Notably, Helicobacter pylori infection, dietary choices, and intricate stomach anatomy play pivotal roles in disease development. Early detection, utilizing staging, grading, and genetic testing for personalized treatment approaches is emphasized. Treatment modalities encompass surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Prevention strategies involve lifestyle changes, screening, and genetic counseling. Survival rates vary by stage, highlighting the need for individualized care. In conclusion, a collaborative global effort is essential to address the impact of gastric cancer and improve outcomes.

The clinicopathological characteristic associations of long non-coding RNA gene H19 polymorphisms with uterine cervical cancer

The purposes of the current study were conducted to explore the relationships among long non-coding RNA gene H19 (LncRNA H19) polymorphisms and clinicopathological characteristics of uterine cervical cancer, and patient prognosis in Taiwan. Five genetic variants of LncRNA H19 rs3024270, rs2839698, rs3741219, rs2107425 and rs217727 were recruited from one hundred and thirty-four patients with invasive cancer, 101 with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) of uterine cervix and 325 controls and their genetic distributions were determined. It indicated no associations of these LncRNA H19 genetic variants with development of cervical cancer. CC/CT in LncRNA H19 rs2839698 exhibited less risk to have pelvic lymph node metastasis [Odds ratio (OR): 0.19, 95% Confidence interval (CI):0.04-0.82, p=0.028)], as compared with TT. Meanwhile, cervical cancer patients with AA/AG in rs3741219 also had less risk to develop pelvic lymph node metastasis (OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.05-0.63, p=0.008), large tumor (OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04-0.82, p=0.014) as well as parametrium (OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.07-0.95, p=0.045) and vagina invasion (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.07-0.91, p=0.041, as compared to those with GG. However, only positive pelvic lymph node metastasis was related to worse recurrence-free survival and poor overall survival. Conclusively, it indicated no association of LncRNA H19 SNPs with cervical carcinogensis in Taiwanese women. Although genotypes TT in LncRNA H19 rs2839698 and GG in rs3741219 are related to some poor clinicopathological parameters of cervical cancer, only pelvic lymph node status could predict 5 year patient survival significantly.

Correlation of TP53 Overexpression and Clinical Parameters with Five-Year Survival in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients

Introduction

TP53 mutation and overexpression have been correlated with poor survival in many cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We aim to understand the role of TP53 overexpression in OSCC in our population and correlate it with five-year survival to test its viability as a prognostic marker for OSCC patients.

Materials and methods

Patients with biopsy proven OSCC at Aga Khan University Hospital from January 2000 to January 2008 were recruited. Immunohistochemistry was used to establish TP53 status and the results were published. Following up on these patients, five-year data were collected and correlated with TP53 status and other clinicopathologic parameters.

Results

Overexpression of TP53 was not significantly associated with five-year survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.543; 95% CI: 0.911-2.612; p = 0.107).

Conclusion

Although we had proven statistical relevance when correlated with overall survival in our previous study, we were unable to extend the same relevance to TP53 overexpression when it comes to five-year survival.