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Stefanek E, Samiei E, Kavoosi M, Esmaeillou M, Roustai Geraylow K, Emami A, Ashrafizadeh M, Perrin D, Gordon JW, Akbari M, Ghavami S. A bioengineering method for modeling alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma and assessing chemotherapy responses. MethodsX 2021; 8:101473. [PMID: 34430344 PMCID: PMC8374652 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2021.101473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common pediatric soft-tissue malignant tumor. Treatment of RMS usually includes primary tumor resection along with systemic chemotherapy. Two-dimensional (2D) cell culture systems and animal models have been extensively used for investigating the potential efficacy of new RMS treatments. However, RMS cells behave differently in 2D culture than in vivo, which has recently inspired the adoption of three-dimensional (3D) culture environments. In the current paper, we will describe the detailed methodology we have developed for fabricating a 3D engineered model to study alveolar RMS (ARMS) in vitro. This model consists of a thermally cross-linked collagen disk laden with RMS cells that mimics the structural and bio-chemical aspects of the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM). This process is highly reproducible and produces a 3D engineered model that can be used to analyze the cytotoxicity and autophagy induction of drugs on ARMS cells. The most improtant bullet points are as following:We fabricated 3D model of ARMS. The current ARMS 3D model can be used for screening of chemotherapy drugs. We developed methods to detect apoptosis and autophagy in ARMS 3D model to detect the mechansims of chemotherapy agents.
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Key Words
- 2D, Two-dimensional
- 3D, Three-dimensional
- AKT, Protein Kinase B
- Apoptosis
- Autophagy
- BSA, Bovine serum albumin
- Biofabrication
- Cell death
- DAPI, 4’,6-Diami- dino-2-Phenylindole, Dihydrochloride
- DFS, Disease-free survival
- DMEM, Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- EDTA, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- EM, Engineered model
- EthD-1, Ethidium homodimer-1
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- FOXO1, Forkhead box protein O1
- HEPES, (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid)
- ICC, Immunocytochemistry
- IgG, Immunoglobulin G
- LC3, Microtubule associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3
- MEK, Mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- MYOD1, Myogenic muscle differentiation transcription factor 1
- PAX, Paired box gene
- PDMS, Polydimethylsiloxane
- PNIPAAm, Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide
- RGD, Arginylglycylaspartic acid
- RMS, Rhabdomyosarcoma
- RPMI, Roswell Park Memorial Institute
- RT, Room temperature
- Rhabdomyosarcoma
- TMZ, Temozolomide
- dECM, Decellularized extracellular matrix
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Stefanek
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ehsan Samiei
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Mahboubeh Kavoosi
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Research and Science Branch of Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | | | - Arya Emami
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Health, York University, ON, Canada.,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - David Perrin
- Department of Surgery, Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.,Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MBR3E 0V9, Canada.,Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Katowice School of Technology, Katowice, Poland
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He T, Qu R, Qin C, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Shao X, Lu T. Potential mechanisms of Chinese Herbal Medicine that implicated in the treatment of COVID-19 related renal injury. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1138-1148. [PMID: 32837217 PMCID: PMC7416081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that renal injury in Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients has been a real concern, which is associated with high mortality and an inflammation/apoptosis-related causality. Effective target therapy for renal injury has yet been developed. Besides, potential anti-COVID-19 medicines have also been reported to cause adverse side effects to kidney. Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM), however, has rich experience in treating renal injury and has successfully applied in China in the battle of COVID-19. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms of CHM treatment are still unclear. In this study, we searched prescriptions in the treatment of renal injury extensively and the potential mechanisms to treat COVID-19 related renal injury were investigated. The association rules analysis showed that the core herbs includes Huang Qi, Fu Ling, Bai Zhu, Di Huang, Shan Yao. TCM herbs regulate core pathways, such as AGE-RAGE, PI3K-AKT, TNF and apoptosis pathway, etc. The ingredients (quercetin, formononetin, kaempferol, etc.,) from core herbs could modulate targets (PTGS2 (COX2), PTGS1 (COX1), IL6, CASP3, NOS2, and TNF, etc.), and thereby prevent the pharmacological and non-pharmacological renal injury comparable to that from COVID-19 infection. This study provides therapeutic potentials of CHM to combat COVID-19 related renal injury to reduce complications and mortality.
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Key Words
- AGE, Advanced Glycation End products
- AKT, Protein Kinase B
- Association rules
- CHM, Chinese Herbal medicine
- CNKI, China National Knowledge Infrastructure
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Corona Virus Disease 2019
- CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy
- Chinese Herbal Medicine
- IL6, interleukin 6
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome
- NCBI, National Coalition Building Institute
- NHC, National Health Commission
- NOS2, Nitric Oxide synthase
- Network pharmacology
- PI3K, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- PPI, protein–protein interaction
- PTGS1, Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1
- PTGS2, Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
- RAGE, Receptor of Advanced Glycation End products
- Renal/kidney injury
- SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- TCMSP, Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology
- TNF, Tumor Necrosis Factor
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian He
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rendong Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Caimeng Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zheyi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangming Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Wang L, Tang C, Cao H, Li K, Pang X, Zhong L, Dang W, Tang H, Huang Y, Wei L, Su M, Chen T. Activation of IL-8 via PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway is involved in leptin-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1220-30. [PMID: 26121010 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1056409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Previous studies have revealed that leptin may be involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial initiator of cancer progression to facilitate metastatic cascade, increase tumor recurrence, and ultimately cause poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of our present study was to investigate the effect of leptin on EMT of breast cancer cells and the underlying mechanism. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that leptin significantly increased the phosphorylation of STAT3, Akt, and ERK1/2, elevated the expression of IL-8, and induced breast cancer cells to undergo EMT. The effect of leptin on IL-8 could visibly abolished by the inhibitor of PI3K LY294002. In addition, leptin-induced EMT of breast cancer cells was blocked by anti-IL-8 antibodies. Examination of the expression of ObR, leptin, IL-8 and EMT-related biomarkers in patient specimens demonstrated that malignant breast carcinoma with lymph node metastases (LNM), which represents poor prognosis, expressed higher levels of ObR, leptin, IL-8 than other types of breast cancer, and displayed more obvious EMT transversion. In vivo xenograft experiment revealed that leptin signally promoted tumor growth and metastasis and increased the expressions of IL-8 and EMT-related biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Our results support that leptin-induced EMT in breast cancer cells requires IL-8 activation via the PI3K/Akt signal pathway.
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Key Words
- AKT, Protein Kinase B
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- EMT
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- IFN, interferon
- IL-8
- IL-8, Interleukin 8
- JAK, Junas Kinase
- LNM, lymph node metastases
- MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa B
- Ob-R, Ob receptor
- PI-3K, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase
- PI3K/Akt
- STAT, signal transduction and activators of transcription
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TNF, tumor necorsis factor
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- breast cancer
- leptin
- mTOR, Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin
- qRT-PCR, quantify reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine ; Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine ; Ministry of Education ; Chongqing Medical University ; Chongqing , China
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