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Sepe P, Procopio G, Pircher CC, Basso U, Caffo O, Cappelletti V, Claps M, De Giorgi U, Fratino L, Guadalupi V, Miodini P, De Marco C, Perrucci B, Mennitto A, Santini D, Spina F, Stellato M, de Braud F, Verzoni E. A phase II study evaluating the efficacy of enzalutamide and the role of liquid biopsy for evaluation of ARv7 in mCRPC patients with measurable metastases including visceral disease (Excalibur study). Ther Adv Med Oncol 2024; 16:17588359231217958. [PMID: 38264520 PMCID: PMC10804904 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231217958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Up to 30% of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) develop visceral metastases, which are associated with a poor prognosis. Objectives Efficacy of enzalutamide in mCRPC patients with measurable metastases, including visceral and/or extra-regional lymph nodes. Methods In this phase II multicenter study, patients with mCRPC and measurable metastases received enzalutamide as the first line. Primary endpoint: 3-month (mo) disease control rate (DCR) defined as the proportion of patients with complete (CR) or partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) as per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1. Secondary endpoint: safety. Exploratory endpoint: the association between ARv7 splicing variants in basal circulating tumor cell (CTC)-enriched blood samples and treatment response/resistance using the AdnaTest ProstateCancerSelect kit and the AdnaTest ProstateCancer Panel AR-V7. Results From March 2017 to January 2021, 68 patients were enrolled. One patient never started treatment. Median age: 72 years. A total of 52 patients (78%) received enzalutamide as a first line for mCRPC. The median follow-up was 32 months. At the 3-month assessment, 24 patients presented an SD, 1 patient achieved a CR, and 23 patients had a PR (3-mo-DCR of 72%). Discontinuations due to adverse events (AEs), disease-related death, or disease progression occurred in 9%, 6%, and 48% of patients. All patients reported at least one grade (G) 1-2 AE: the most common were fatigue (49%) and hypertension (33%). Six G3 AEs were reported: two hypertension, one seizure, one fatigue, one diarrhea, and one headache. Basal detection of ARv7 was significantly associated with poor treatment response (p = 0.034) and a nonsignificant association (p = 0.15) was observed between ARv7 detection and response assessments. At month 3, ARv7 was detected in 57%, 25%, and 15% of patients undergoing progressive disease, SD, and PR, respectively. Conclusion The study met its primary endpoint, showing the efficacy of enzalutamide in men with mCRPC and measurable metastatic lesions in visceral and/or lymph node sites. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03103724. First Posted: 6 April 2017. First patient enrollment: 19 April 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierangela Sepe
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Procopio
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Programma Prostata, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Carlotta Pircher
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Basso
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Orazio Caffo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Vera Cappelletti
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Melanie Claps
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) Dino Amadori, Meldola, Italy
| | - Lucia Fratino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Valentina Guadalupi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Miodini
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia De Marco
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Perrucci
- Oncology Department, ASST Istituti Ospitalieri, Cremona, Italy
| | - Alessia Mennitto
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), University of Eastern Piedmont (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- Oncologia Medica, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- University of Rome La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Spina
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Niguarda Cancer Center, Ospedale Niguarda Ca’ Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Stellato
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Verzoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
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2
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Luo H, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhang C, Yu B, Shao C. Androgen receptor splicing variant 7 ( ARv7) promotes DNA damage response in prostate cancer cells. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22495. [PMID: 35947121 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200190r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the treatment of patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa), androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) significantly enhances the efficacy of radiotherapy by weakening the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. Recently, several studies have suggested that androgen receptor splicing variants (ARvs) may mediate a compensatory DDR pathway when canonical androgen receptor (AR) signaling is inhibited, thus contributing to the resistance of some patients to this combinational treatment. However, the specific roles of certain ARvs as well as the detailed mechanism of how ARvs regulate the DDR are not well understood. Here, we demonstrated that AR splicing variant 7 (ARv7), which is the most abundant form of ARvs, significantly promotes the DDR of PCa cells under severe DNA damage independent of its parental AR by using the ionizing radiation (IR) and doxorubicin (Dox)-treated cell models. Mechanistically, ARv7 is sufficient to upregulate both the homologous recombination (HR) and the nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways by forming a positive regulatory loop with poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). Moreover, the presence of ARv7 impairs the synergistic effect between AR antagonists and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, which has been recently shown to be a promising future treatment strategy for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Combined, our data indicate that constitutively active ARv7 not only contributes to radioresistance after ADT, but may also serve as a potential predictive biomarker for assessing the efficacy of novel PARP inhibitor-based therapy in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoge Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chaoke Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingbing Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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3
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Özgün F, Kaya Z, Morova T, Geverts B, Abraham TE, Houtsmuller AB, van Royen ME, Lack NA. DNA binding alters ARv7 dimer interactions. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258332. [PMID: 34318896 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) splice variants are proposed to be a potential driver of lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer. AR splice variant 7 (ARv7) is the most commonly observed isoform and strongly correlates with resistance to second-generation anti-androgens. Despite this clinical evidence, the interplay between ARv7 and the highly expressed full-length AR (ARfl) remains unclear. In this work, we show that ARfl/ARv7 heterodimers readily form in the nucleus via an intermolecular N/C interaction that brings the four termini of the proteins in close proximity. Combining fluorescence resonance energy transfer and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we demonstrate that these heterodimers undergo conformational changes following DNA binding, indicating dynamic nuclear receptor interaction. Although transcriptionally active, ARv7 can only form short-term interactions with DNA at highly accessible high-occupancy ARfl binding sites. Dimerization with ARfl does not affect ARv7 binding dynamics, suggesting that DNA binding occupancy is determined by the individual protein monomers and not the homodimer or heterodimer complex. Overall, these biophysical studies reveal detailed properties of ARv7 dynamics as both a homodimer or heterodimer with ARfl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Özgün
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Kaya
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Tunç Morova
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Bart Geverts
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tsion E Abraham
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathan A Lack
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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4
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Nagandla H, Robertson MJ, Putluri V, Putluri N, Coarfa C, Weigel NL. Isoform-specific Activities of Androgen Receptor and its Splice Variants in Prostate Cancer Cells. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6029774. [PMID: 33300995 PMCID: PMC8253248 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling continues to drive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in spite of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Constitutively active shorter variants of AR, lacking the ligand binding domain, are frequently expressed in CRPC and have emerged as a potential mechanism for prostate cancer to escape ADT. ARv7 and ARv567es are 2 of the most commonly detected variants of AR in clinical samples of advanced, metastatic prostate cancer. It is not clear if variants of AR merely act as weaker substitutes for AR or can mediate unique isoform-specific activities different from AR. In this study, we employed LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines with inducible expression of ARv7 or ARv567es to delineate similarities and differences in transcriptomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics resulting from the activation of AR, ARv7, or ARv567es. While the majority of target genes were similarly regulated by the action of all 3 isoforms, we found a clear difference in transcriptomic activities of AR versus the variants, and a few differences between ARv7 and ARv567es. Some of the target gene regulation by AR isoforms was similar in the VCaP background as well. Differences in downstream activities of AR isoforms were also evident from comparison of the metabolome and lipidome in an LNCaP model. Overall our study implies that shorter variants of AR are capable of mediating unique downstream activities different from AR and some of these are isoform specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harika Nagandla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew J Robertson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vasanta Putluri
- Advanced Technology Core, Alkek Center for Molecular
Discovery
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Correspondence: Nancy L. Weigel and
Cristian Coarfa, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ,
| | - Nancy L Weigel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Correspondence: Nancy L. Weigel and
Cristian Coarfa, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ,
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Lin C, Chou FJ, Lu J, Lin W, Truong M, Tian H, Sun Y, Luo J, Yang R, Niu Y, Nadal R, Antonarakis ES, Cordon-Cardo C, Sahasrabudhe D, Huang CP, Yeh S, Li G, Chang C. Preclinical studies show using enzalutamide is less effective in docetaxel-pretreated than in docetaxel-naïve prostate cancer cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17694-17712. [PMID: 32920545 PMCID: PMC7521536 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Anti-androgen therapy with Enzalutamide (Enz) has been used as a therapy for castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients after development of resistance to chemotherapy with Docetaxel (Doc). The potential impacts of Doc-chemotherapy on the subsequent Enz treatment, however, remain unclear. Here we found the overall survival rate of patients that received Enz was significantly less in patients that received prior Doc-chemotherapy than those who had not. In vitro studies from 3 established Doc resistant CRPC (DocRPC) cell lines are consistent with the clinical findings showing DocRPC patients had decreased Enz-sensitivity as well as accelerated development of Enz-resistance via enhanced androgen receptor (AR) splicing variant 7 (ARv7) expression. Mechanism dissection found that Doc treatment might increase the generation of ARv7 via altering the MALAT1-SF2 RNA splicing complex. Preclinical studies using in vivo mouse models and in vitro cell lines proved that targeting the MALAT1/SF2/ARv7 axis with small molecules, including siMALAT1, shSF2, and shARv7 or ARv7 degradation enhancers: Cisplatin or ASC-J9®, can restore/increase the Enz sensitivity to further suppress DocRPC cell growth. Therefore, combined therapy of Doc-chemotherapy with anti-ARv7 therapy, including Cisplatin or ASC-J9®, may be developed to increase the efficacy of Enz to further suppress DocRPC in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyi Lin
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Fu-Ju Chou
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jieyang Lu
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Wanying Lin
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Matthew Truong
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Hao Tian
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Chawnshang Chang Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yin Sun
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jie Luo
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Rachel Yang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Chawnshang Chang Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Rosa Nadal
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | | | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Deepak Sahasrabudhe
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Chi-Ping Huang
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Gonghui Li
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Germain L, Lafront C, Beaudette J, Karthik Poluri RT, Weidmann C, Audet-Walsh É. Alternative splicing regulation by the androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 202:105710. [PMID: 32534106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a transcription factor that drives prostate cancer (PCa) by modulating the expression of thousands of genes to promote proliferation and survival and to reprogram metabolism. However, how AR activation controls alternative splicing is mostly unknown. Our objective was to define its role in the transcriptome-wide regulation of alternative splicing. Three human PCa models-LNCaP, LAPC4, and 22Rv1 cells-were treated with and without androgens, and RNA was purified for deep-sequencing analyses (RNA-seq). Several bioinformatic tools were then used to study alternative splicing. We demonstrate that in the absence of androgens, alternative splicing complexity is similar among AR-positive PCa cells, with 48 % of all transcripts having various levels of alternative splicing. We also describe alternative splicing differences among cell lines, such as specific splicing of AR, REST, TSC2, and CTBP1. Interestingly, AR activation changed the alternative splicing of thousands of genes in all the PCa cell lines tested. Overlap between AR-sensitive alternative splicing events revealed that genes linked to cell metabolism are major targets for this specific modulation. These genes encode metabolic enzymes such as the prostate-specific membrane antigen, encoded by FOLH1, and the malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1). Overall, our study presents a comprehensive analysis of the PCa cell transcriptome and its modulation by AR, revealing a significant enrichment of metabolic genes in this AR-dependent regulation of alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Germain
- Département de biochimie, microbiologie et bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Canada; Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Canada
| | - Camille Lafront
- Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Canada; Department of molecular medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jolyane Beaudette
- Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Canada; Department of molecular medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Raghavendra Tejo Karthik Poluri
- Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Canada; Department of molecular medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Cindy Weidmann
- Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Canada
| | - Étienne Audet-Walsh
- Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Canada; Department of molecular medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Xu H, Sun Y, Huang CP, You B, Ye D, Chang C. Preclinical Study Using ABT263 to Increase Enzalutamide Sensitivity to Suppress Prostate Cancer Progression Via Targeting BCL2/ROS/USP26 Axis Through Altering ARv7 Protein Degradation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E831. [PMID: 32235588 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The recently developed antiandrogen, Enzalutamide (Enz), has reformed the standard of care for castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. However, Enz-resistance inevitably emerges despite success of Enz in prolonging CRPC patients’ survival. Here we found that Enz-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) cells had higher BCL2 expression. We aimed to test whether targeting BCL2 would influence Enz sensitivity of prostate cancer (PCa) and identify the potential mechanism. Methods: The study was designed to target Enz-induced BCL2 with inhibitor ABT263 and test Enz sensitivity in Enz-resistant PCa cells by MTT assay. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected with dihydroethidium staining, and in vitro deubiquitinating enzyme activity assay was used to evaluate ubiquitin specific protease 26 (USP26) activity. Results: ABT263 could increase Enz sensitivity in both Enz-sensitive and Enz-resistant PCa cells via inducing ROS generation. Elevated cellular ROS levels might then inhibit USP26 activity to increase the ubiquitination of androgen receptor (AR) and AR splice variant 7 (ARv7) and their ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation, which contributed to the increase of Enz sensitivity. In vivo mouse model also demonstrates that ABT263 will suppress the PCa progression. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that targeting Enz-induced BCL2 with inhibitor ABT263 could increase Enz sensitivity in both Enz-sensitive and Enz-resistant PCa cells through induction of cellular ROS levels and suppression of USP26 activity with a consequent increase of ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation of AR and ARv7 protein expression.
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8
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Lin SJ, Chou FJ, Li L, Lin CY, Yeh S, Chang C. Natural killer cells suppress enzalutamide resistance and cell invasion in the castration resistant prostate cancer via targeting the androgen receptor splicing variant 7 ( ARv7). Cancer Lett 2017; 398:62-69. [PMID: 28373004 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) with the newly developed anti-androgen enzalutamide (Enz, also known as MDV3100) to suppress castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in extending patient survival by an extra 4.8 months, eventually patients die with the development of Enz resistance that may involve the induction of the androgen receptor (AR) splicing variant ARv7. Here we identify an unrecognized role of Natural Killer (NK) cells in the prostate tumor microenvironment that can be better recruited to the CRPC cells to suppress ARv7 expression resulting in suppressing the Enz resistant CRPC cell growth and invasion. Mechanism dissection revealed that CRPC cells, compared to normal prostate epithelial cells, could recruit more NK cells that might then lead to alterations of the microRNA-34 and microRNA-449 to suppress both ARv7 expression and ARv7-induced EZH2 expression to suppress CRPC cell invasion. Together, these results identify a new potential therapy using recruited NK cells to better suppress the Enz resistance and cell invasion in CRPC at the later enzalutamide resistant stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Jen Lin
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Fu-Ju Chou
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Lei Li
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chang-Yi Lin
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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