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Liu Y, Wen GL, Chen X, Weerasooriya R, Hong ZY, Wang LC, Huang ZJ, Wu YC. Construction of electrochemical sensing interface towards Cd(II) based on activated g-C 3N 4 nanosheets: considering the effects of exfoliation and protonation treatment. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 412:343-353. [PMID: 31776638 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to construct highly selective low-cost sensors for fast detection of toxic metal ions such as cadmium. When compared with 3D bulk materials, 2D layered materials after activation treatments show superior performances for electrochemical metal ion detection. The bulk graphitic carbon nitride (hereafter b-g-C3N4) was prepared by thermal polymerization with urea as a precursor; it was then activated through ultrasonic liquid exfoliation and protonation which resulted in successful fabrication of activated ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets (hereafter a-g-C3N4). The a-g-C3N4-modified glassy carbon electrode demonstrates excellent electrochemical performances for Cd2+ detection with 22.668 μA/μM sensitivity and 3.9 nM LOD (S/N = 3) due to high specific surface area and active sites created on the 2D layered structure. The chemical interference of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+ on Cd2+ detection was minimal. We have also measured Cd2+ in natural water and rice samples using the newly developed a-g-C3N4-modified electrode with high spike recoveries. Our results demonstrate the potential applications of newly developed a-g-C3N4-modified electrode for rapid detection of toxic metal ions in different sample matrixes. Graphical Abstract The activated g-C3N4 nanosheets (a-g-C3N4) were synthesized and used to construct electrochemical sensors with high sensitivity and anti-interference performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment of Anhui Province, Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Ge-Ling Wen
- Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment of Anhui Province, Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China.,School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment of Anhui Province, Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China. .,School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China.
| | - Rohan Weerasooriya
- Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment of Anhui Province, Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China.,National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, 20000, Sri Lanka
| | - Zhan-Yong Hong
- Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment of Anhui Province, Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Lian-Chao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China.
| | - Zhong-Jia Huang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
| | - Yu-Cheng Wu
- Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment of Anhui Province, Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China.,School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
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