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Kim RH, Lee NH, Yoon SP, Song SH, Park JK. Considerations on the methane correction factor and fraction of methane parameters in the IPCC first-order decay model for active aeration landfills. Waste Manag 2023; 169:232-242. [PMID: 37473662 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the behavior of organic carbon in municipal solid waste landfills is a major challenge for estimating methane (CH4) emissions using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) first-order decay (FOD) model. According to the IPCC guidelines, the default values of CH4 correction factor (MCF) and fraction of CH4 (F) for active aeration landfills are set as 0.4 and 0.5, respectively. However, whether it is reasonable to apply the default values of MCF and F to active aeration landfills is questionable. This study aims to estimate the MCF and develop a method to determine the F value for active aeration landfills. In this investigation, three landfill sites were operated as active aeration landfills to estimate the MCF and the F. The study results indicate that MCF values were lower than the default value of 0.4 provided in the IPCC guidelines under aerobic conditions with a CH4 concentration of less than 5%. According to the carbon balance analyses, there was a mismatch between the theoretical CH4/CO2 ratio based on the F default value of 0.5 and the measured CH4/CO2 ratio. Using the F calculation method proposed in this study, the theoretical CH4/CO2 ratio and the measured CH4/CO2 ratio was calculated equally. The F values during air injection ranged from 0.25 to 0.93 at three landfill sites, suggesting that adapting the F default value of 0.5 for active aeration landfills may lead to significant errors in the estimation of CH4 emissions using the IPCC FOD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Hui Kim
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anyang University, 22, Samdeok-ro, 37beon-gil, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hoon Lee
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anyang University, 22, Samdeok-ro, 37beon-gil, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Pyo Yoon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Semyung University, 65, Semyeong-ro, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Song
- Ecowillplus Co., Ltd., Heungan-daero 427beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang-Si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- Ecowillplus Co., Ltd., Heungan-daero 427beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang-Si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Plestenjak G, Eler K, Mihelič R, Ferlan M, Ogrinc N, Krajnc B, Vodnik D. Can additional air supply enhance decomposition processes in sludge treatment reed beds? J Environ Manage 2021; 277:111511. [PMID: 33091784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work was designed to investigate the influence of artificial aeration on the sludge decomposition process in mesocosm sludge treatment reed beds (STRBs). In addition to the typical STRB design, where ventilation is mainly provided by a drainage pipe, passive aeration via a "chimney" and active aeration via a blower were introduced. During the entire observation period of 1.5 years, O2 concentrations in the upper part of the filter were significantly higher in the artificially aerated beds. To determine decomposition rates, a study with decomposition bags, measurements of CO2 emissions from the STRB and isotopic partitioning of CO2 emissions were performed. The results indicate an accelerated sludge degradation process in both active and passive beds. However, this effect was limited to part of the season and could not be demonstrated by episodic measurements of CO2 efflux. The CO2 efflux showed a seasonal pattern. Average CO2 efflux was below 3.0 μmol m-2 s-1 in the winter months and reached 43 μmol m-2 s-1 in the warmer months. The low sludge load and drought period in summer 2018 resulted in an extremely low CO2 efflux in August 2018. Isotopic analyses revealed changes in decomposition dynamics for certain parts of the season, differences in contributions of sludge and plant derived CO2 to total CO2 emissions from differently aerated beds. Overall, passive aeration proved to be similarly efficient as active aeration and could therefore be considered for application in a full-scale system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Plestenjak
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Limnos d.o.o., Podlimbarskega 31, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - K Eler
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - R Mihelič
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Ferlan
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna Pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - N Ogrinc
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - B Krajnc
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - D Vodnik
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Fjelsted L, Scheutz C, Christensen AG, Larsen JE, Kjeldsen P. Biofiltration of diluted landfill gas in an active loaded open-bed compost filter. Waste Manag 2020; 103:1-11. [PMID: 31862629 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbial oxidation in a biofilter is a treatment solution for diluted landfill gas (LFG), for instance at old landfills, where LFG recovery is no longer feasible, or from remediation systems designed to cut off laterally migrating LFG. In this study, an actively loaded open-bed compost filter, designed for the treatment of diluted LFG, was tested at an old landfill in Denmark. An 18 m3 biofilter was constructed in a 30 m3 container loaded with LFG mixed with air, in order to obtain diluted LFG. The inlet concentration of methane (CH4) fluctuated between 4.4 and 9.2 vol% during the five tested flow campaigns, resulting in CH4 loads of 106-794 g CH4 m-2 d-1. The maximum identified CH4 oxidation rate was 460 g m-2 d-1, with an overall CH4 oxidation efficiency of 58%. Due to preferential flows, especially along the edges of the filter at the transition points between the compost and the container wall, an overall CH4 oxidation efficiency of 100% was never achieved. However, pore gas profiles in selected areas in the filter material showed oxidation efficiencies close to 100%. The results were supported by tracer gas tests showing average oxidation efficiency in the nine measuring points of 89% at a CH4 load of 487 ± 64 g CH4 m-2 d-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fjelsted
- NIRAS A/S, Sortemosevej 19, DK-3450 Allerød, Denmark; Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - C Scheutz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - J E Larsen
- NIRAS A/S, Sortemosevej 19, DK-3450 Allerød, Denmark
| | - P Kjeldsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Gunasekera SS, Hettiaratchi JP, Bartholameuz EM, Farrokhzadeh H, Irvine E. A comparative evaluation of the performance of full-scale high-rate methane biofilter (HMBF) systems and flow-through laboratory columns. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:35845-35854. [PMID: 30276693 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Methane biofilter (MBF) technology, a cost effective method to control atmospheric emission of CH4, is usually developed as a passively aerated system to control low-volume point-source emissions such as those from landfills with gas collection systems. Actively aerated high-rate methane biofilter (HMBF) systems are designed to overcome the shortcomings of passively aerated systems by ensuring the entire filter bed is utilized for CH4 oxidation. Flow-through column experiments point to the fact that CH4 oxidation rates of actively aerated systems could be several times higher than that of passively aerated systems. However, reports of the performance of field HMBF systems are not available in literature. Furthermore, there are no studies that demonstrate the possibility of using laboratory data in the design and operation of field systems. The current study was conducted to fill this research gap and involve a comparative study of the performance of laboratory columns to field performance of a HMBF system using solution gas produced at an oil battery site as the CH4 source. The actively aerated column studies confirmed past results with high CH4 oxidation rates; one column received air at two injection points and achieved an oxidation rate of 1417 g/m3/d, which is the highest reported value to date for compost-filled columns. Subsequent studies at a specially designed field HMBF filled with compost showed a higher oxidation rate of 1919 g/m3/d, indicating the possibility of exceeding the high CH4 oxidation rates observed in the laboratory. The achievement of observed field oxidation rates being higher than those in the laboratory is attributed to the capability of maintaining higher temperatures in field HMBFs. Furthermore, results show that field HMBFs could operate at lower than stoichiometric air to CH4 ratios, and lower retention times than that of laboratory columns. Results indicated that laboratory columns may not truly represent field behavior, and said results could only be used in the preliminary design of field HMBFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Samadhi Gunasekera
- Department of Civil Engineering and Centre for Environmental Engineering Research and Education (CEERE), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Joseph Patrick Hettiaratchi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Centre for Environmental Engineering Research and Education (CEERE), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Eranda M Bartholameuz
- Department of Civil Engineering and Centre for Environmental Engineering Research and Education (CEERE), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hasti Farrokhzadeh
- Department of Civil Engineering and Centre for Environmental Engineering Research and Education (CEERE), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Eamonn Irvine
- Department of Civil Engineering and Centre for Environmental Engineering Research and Education (CEERE), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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Kasinski S, Slota M, Markowski M, Kaminska A. Municipal waste stabilization in a reactor with an integrated active and passive aeration system. Waste Manag 2016; 50:31-38. [PMID: 26898477 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To test whether an integrated passive and active aeration system could be an effective solution for aerobic decomposition of municipal waste in technical conditions, a full-scale composting reactor was designed. The waste was actively aerated for 5d, passively aerated for 35 d, and then actively aerated for 5d, and the entire composting process was monitored. During the 45-day observation period, changes in the fractional, morphological and physico-chemical characteristics of the waste at the top of the reactor differed from those in the center of the reactor. The fractional and morphological analysis made during the entire process of stabilization, showed the total reduction of organic matter measured of 82 wt% and 86 wt% at the respective depths. The reduction of organic matter calculated using the results of Lost of Ignition (LOI) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) showed, respectively, 40.51-46.62% organic matter loss at the top and 45.33-53.39% in the center of the reactor. At the end of the process, moisture content, LOI and TOC at the top were 3.29%, 6.10% and 4.13% higher, respectively, than in the center. The results showed that application of passive aeration in larger scale simultaneously allows the thermophilic levels to be maintained during municipal solid waste composting process while not inhibiting microbial activity in the reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slawomir Kasinski
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Sloneczna, St 45 G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Monika Slota
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Sloneczna, St 45 G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Michal Markowski
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Sloneczna, St 45 G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Kaminska
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Sloneczna, St 45 G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland
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