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Wang L, Du W, Yun X, Chen Y, Zhu X, Shen H, Shen G, Liu J, Wang X, Tao S. On-site measured emission factors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for different types of marine vessels. Environ Pollut 2022; 297:118782. [PMID: 34979173 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A portable emission sampling system was used to perform on-site measurements of the emission factors (EFs; quantities of pollutants emitted per unit of energy consumed) of 29 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for five types of marine vessels using light diesel in Hainan Province, China. Both gaseous- and particulate-phase PAHs from vessel emissions were sampled and measured using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the PAH EFs were calculated based on the carbon mass balance method. The average EFs of gaseous- and particulate-phase PAHs were 6.2 ± 7.8 and 17 ± 26 mg/kg, with naphthalene (NAP) and phenanthrene (PHE) dominating the gaseous- and particulate-phase PAH emissions, respectively. Among the five types of vessels, the EFs for small fishing boats were significantly higher than those for other types of vessels, and the lowest EFs were found for tug boats. Composition profiles and typical isomer ratios of PAHs were calculated for five types of vessels. Particulate-phase PAHs accounted for 63 ± 16% of the total emissions of 29 PAH species, and the particulate/gaseous-phase partitioning of PAHs was dominated by organic carbon (OC) absorption rather than black carbon (BC) adsorption. Emission factors of PAHs under different activity conditions were measured and calculated, and relatively higher EFs were found in the maneuvering mode for medium fishing boats and in the operating mode for engineering vessels. No significant differences were found among the PAH composition profiles under different activity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Institute of Ocean Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wei Du
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiao Yun
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Yuanchen Chen
- College of Environment, Research Centre of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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