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Luo H, Li Y, Xie J, Xu C, Zhang Z, Li M, Xia B, Shi Z, Lin L. Effect and mechanism of Prunella vulgaris L. extract on alleviating lipopolysaccharide-induced acute mastitis in protecting the blood-milk barrier and reducing inflammation. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 328:117998. [PMID: 38484956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE According to ancient literature, Prunella vulgaris L. (P vulgaris) alleviates mastitis and has been used in China for many years; however, there are no relevant reports that confirm this or the mechanism of its efficacy. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the anti-acute mastitis effect and potential mechanism of P vulgaris extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the active ingredients and targets of P vulgaris against mastitis were predicted using network pharmacology. Next, the relevant active ingredients were enriched using macroporous resins and verified using UV and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Lastly, a mouse model of acute mastitis was established by injecting lipopolysaccharides into the mammary gland and administering P vulgaris extract by oral gavage. The pathological changes in mammary tissue were observed by HE staining. Serum and tissue inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA method. MPO activity in mammary tissue was measured using colorimetry and MPO expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, claudin-3, and occludin) in mammary tissue was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. iNOS and COX-2 in mammary tissue were detected by Western blot. MAPK pathway and NF-κB pathway related proteins were also detected by Western blot. RESULTS Network pharmacology predicted that phenolic acids and flavonoids in P vulgaris had anti-mastitis effects. The contents of total flavonoids and total phenolic acids in P vulgaris extract were 64.5% and 29.4%, respectively. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS confirmed that P vulgaris extract contained phenolic acids and flavonoids. The results of animal experiments showed that P vulgaris extract reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and interstitial congestion of mammary tissue. It also reduced the levels of serum and tissue inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and inhibited the activation of MPO. Furthermore, it downregulated the expression of MAPK and NF-κB pathway-related proteins. The expressions of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-3 in mammary gland tissues were upregulated. CONCLUSIONS P vulgaris extract can maintain the integrity of mammary connective tissue and reduce its inflammatory response to prevent acute mastitis. Its mechanism probably involves regulating NF-κB and MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshan Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Yamei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Jingchen Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Chunfang Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Minjie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Bohou Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Zhe Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Limei Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
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Espínola-Docio B, Costa-Romero M, Díaz-Gómez NM, Paricio-Talayero JM. [Mastitis update.]. ARCH ARGENT PEDIATR 2018; 114:576-584. [PMID: 27869418 DOI: 10.5546/aap.2016.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Espínola-Docio
- Comité de Lactancia Materna, Asociación Española de Pediatría, España.,Centro de Salud Luis Vives, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid). Servicio de Salud de Comunidad de Madrid, España
| | - Marta Costa-Romero
- Comité de Lactancia Materna, AEP, España.,S. de Neonatología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - N Marta Díaz-Gómez
- Comité de Lactancia Materna, AEP, España.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife. España.
| | - José M Paricio-Talayero
- Hospital Francesc de Borja, Gandia, Valencia, España.,Asociación para la Promoción e Investigación de la Lactancia Materna (APILAM)
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