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Zhang Z, Chen H, Pan C, Li R, Zhao W, Song T. Sulforaphane reduces adipose tissue fibrosis via promoting M2 macrophages polarization in HFD fed-mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2024; 1871:119626. [PMID: 37977492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue fibrosis has been identified as a novel contributor to the pathomechanism of obesity associated metabolic disorders. Sulforaphane (SFN) has been shown to have an anti-obesity effect. However, the impact of SFN on adipose tissue fibrosis is still not well understood. In this study, obese mice induced by high-fat diets (HFD) were used to examine the effects of SFN on adipose tissue fibrosis. According to the current findings, SFN dramatically enhanced glucose tolerance and decreased body weight in diet-induced-obesity (DIO) mice. Additionally, SFN therapy significantly reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and altered the expression of genes related to fibrosis. Furthermore, SFN also reduced inflammation and promoted macrophages polarization towards to M2 phenotype in adipose tissue, which protected adipose tissue from fibrosis. Notably, SFN-mediated nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation was crucial in decreasing adipose tissue fibrosis. These results implied that SFN had favorable benefits in adipose tissue fibrosis, which consequently ameliorates obesity-related metabolic problems. Our research provides new treatment strategies for obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provence, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Huali Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Pan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Wangsheng Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tianzeng Song
- Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa 850009, China.
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Gong S, Li C, Leng Q, Liu C, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Li X. Inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway alleviates adipose tissue fibrosis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21526. [PMID: 38034664 PMCID: PMC10681937 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose fibrosis is a major factor of adipose dysfunction, which causes metabolic dysfunction during obesity, but its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. This study investigated the role and potential mechanisms of mTORC1 in obesity-induced adipose fibrosis. Methods ob/ob mice were injected with rapamycin or the same volume of normal saline. The level of fibrosis in epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) was detected by observing aberrant deposition of extracellular matrix. Expression of fibrotic related genes was analysed using RNA-seq. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and TGF-β1 to induce preadipocyte fibrosis. The fibrosis-related gene expression and protein levels were determined by RT-PCR, WB, and immunofluorescence in two types of fibrotic preadipocytes with or without rapamycin. Results Compared with vehicle treatment, EAT fibrosis-related aberrant deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and fibrotic gene expression were reduced in ob/ob mice treated with rapamycin. Both CoCl2-induced hypoxia and TGF-β1 successfully promoted adipocyte fibrosis, and the upregulated fibrosis-related genes expression was inhibited after the mTORC1 pathway was inhibited by rapamycin. Conclusion Inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway ameliorates adipose fibrosis by suppressing fibrosis-related genes in hypoxia- and TGF-β-induced fibrotic preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China
- Shanghai Songjiang District Fangta Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Qingyang Leng
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Chongxiao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Hongli Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China
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Taheri A, Mobaser SE, Golpour P, Nourbakhsh M, Tavakoli-Yaraki M, Yarahmadi S, Nourbakhsh M. Hesperetin attenuates the expression of markers of adipose tissue fibrosis in pre-adipocytes. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:315. [PMID: 37697354 PMCID: PMC10496229 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in adipose tissue is a hallmark of fibrosis, leading to disrupted adipose tissue homeostasis and metabolic dysfunction. Hesperetin, a flavonoid compound, has shown promising anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties. Therefore, we investigated the anti-fibrotic effects of hesperetin, through targeting ECM components and matrix metalloproteinase enzymes. METHODS 3T3-L1 cells were cultured in DMEM, containing 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. Cells were treated with a range of hesperetin concentrations, and the cell viability was determined using MTT assay. Subsequently, the expression of genes encoding collagen VI, osteopontin, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (Mmp-2) and Mmp-9 was analyzed using specific primers and real-time PCR technique. To evaluate protein levels of collagen VI and osteopontin, Western blotting was performed. RESULTS Hesperetin affected the viability of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with IC50 of 447.4 µM, 339.2 µM and 258.8 µM (24 h, 48 and 72 h, respectively). Hesperetin significantly reduced the gene and protein expression of both collagen VI and osteopontin in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Hesperetin was also able to cause a remarkable decline in gene expression of Mmp2 and Mmp9. CONCLUSION Hesperetin could potently reduce the production of markers of adipose tissue fibrosis and might be considered a potential anti-fibrotic compound in obesity. Thus, hesperetin has the potency to be used for the treatment of obesity-associated fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemeh Taheri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Samira Ezzati Mobaser
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular- Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Golpour
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mona Nourbakhsh
- Hazrat Aliasghar Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Sahar Yarahmadi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.
- Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
Adipose tissue is a complex heterogeneous tissue composed of adipocytes along with several non-adipocyte populations, including blood, stromal, endothelial, and progenitor cells, as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) components. As obesity progresses, the adipose tissue expands dynamically through adipocyte hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia. This expansion requires continuous ECM remodeling to properly accommodate the size increase as well as functional changes. Upon reaching a hypertrophic threshold beyond the adipocyte buffering capacity, excess ECM components are deposited, causing fibrosis and ultimately resulting in unhealthy metabolic maladaptation. These complex ECM remodeling processes in adipose tissues are regulated by the local environment, several key mediators, and genetic factors that are closely linked to insulin sensitivity. It is crucial to understand how adipocytes interact with nonadipocyte populations and various mediators (i.e., immune cells, ECM components, and adipokines) during these processes. This mini-review provides an overview of the latest research into the biology of obesity-induced adipose tissue fibrosis and its related clinical manifestations, providing insight for further studies aimed at controlling metabolic syndrome and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Hasegawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
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Song L, Li H, Liu Y, Zhang X, Wen Y, Zhang K, Zhang M. Postnatal deletion of β-catenin in preosteoblasts regulates global energy metabolism through increasing bone resorption and adipose tissue fibrosis. Bone 2022; 156:116320. [PMID: 34973494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Many studies revealed bone can regulate global energy metabolism and our previous study also showed that Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in this process. To better understand the participation of canonical Wnt pathway in energy metabolism, we examined the β-catenin knock-out (β-cat KO) mice by crossing the osterix-cre transgenic mice with β-cateninflox/flox mice. First, we identified that postnatal deletion of β-catenin in preosteoblasts led to decreased fat mass and increased energy expenditure in mice. Osteoprotegerin administration largely rescued the decreased fat mass and partly normalized the energy expenditure accompanied by the inhibition of bone resorption. Anti-resorption with alendronate or RANKL-antibody could also partly rescued the decreased bone mass, decreased fat mass and increased energy expenditure in β-cat KO mice. We further found that the adipose cells in the inguinal fat tissue were smaller and the extracellular matrix components around adipocytes accumulated more in β-cat KO mice than their controls by histomorphology. Gene analysis by RT-PCR showed that the expression of collagen VI is 4.8 folds in adipose tissue of the β-cat KO mice compared with the control mice. We further detected the expression of cytokines which were related to fibrosis and the data showed that the level of TGF-beta1 was elevated in both of bone marrow serum and adipose tissue derived from the β-cat KO mice. After administration of TGF-beta1 neutralizing antibody, the impaired energy metabolism was partly rescued in β-cat KO mice. Besides, anti-resorption treatment and TGF-beta1 antibody could partly suppress the increased expression of genes related to fat tissue fibrosis. These results indicate that the abnormal global energy metabolism in β-cat KO mice may be attributed to increasing bone resorption and adipose tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lige Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China; Institute of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Huijuan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China; Institute of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Yichen Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China; Institute of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China; Institute of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Yuhua Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China; Institute of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Keqin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China; Institute of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Mingzhu Zhang
- Center of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dongjiao Minxiang, West Area, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Ezzati-Mobaser S, Malekpour-Dehkordi Z, Nourbakhsh M, Tavakoli-Yaraki M, Ahmadpour F, Golpour P, Nourbakhsh M. The up-regulation of markers of adipose tissue fibrosis by visfatin in pre-adipocytes as well as obese children and adolescents. Cytokine 2020; 134:155193. [PMID: 32707422 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytes are surrounded by a three-dimensional network of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Aberrant ECM accumulation and remodeling leads to adipose tissue fibrosis. Visfatin is one of the adipocytokines that is increased in obesity and is implicated in insulin resistance. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of visfatin on major components of ECM remodeling. In this study, plasma levels of both endotrophin and visfatin in obese children and adolescents were significantly higher than those in control subjects and they showed a positive correlation with each other. Treatment of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes with visfatin caused significant up-regulation of Osteopontin (Opn), Collagen type VI (Col6), matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9. By using inhibitors of major signaling pathways it was shown that visfatin exerted its effect on Col6a3 gene expression through PI3K, JNK, and NF-кB pathways, while induced Opn gene expression via PI3K, JNK, MAPK/ERK, and NOTCH1. Our conclusion is that, the relationship between visfatin, endotrophin and insulin resistance parameters in obesity as well as increased expression of ECM proteins by visfatin suggests adipose tissue fibrosis as a mechanism for devastating effects of visfatin in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Ezzati-Mobaser
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Malekpour-Dehkordi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Nourbakhsh
- Hazrat Aliasghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Pegah Golpour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a common metabolic disorder that involves multiple organs and is predominantly influenced by obesity, especially the accumulation of visceral fat. It is also known that macrophages that infiltrate obese adipose tissue play an important role in inflammation of the adipose tissue. Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle), a new inflammatory regulator found in obese adipose tissue, is expressed in pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages in adipose tissue. In addition, Mincle is expressed in macrophages that form a crown-like structure, where dead or dying adipocytes are surrounded by pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages; within this crown-like structure, adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk may occur in close proximity. Although there is no significant difference in body weight between Mincle-deficient and wild-type mice under high-fat diet, the epididymal fat weight is significantly higher and the liver weight is significantly lower in Mincle-deficient mice than those in wild-type mice. It has been shown that adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis are attenuated in Mincle-deficient mice when compared with wild-type mice. In addition, Mincle-deficient mice have reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and better glucose metabolism. These results suggest that Mincle signaling in adipose tissue macrophages activates adipose tissue fibroblasts, which leads to adipose tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyako Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Velázquez KT, Enos RT, Carson MS, Cranford TL, Bader JE, Sougiannis AT, Pritchett C, Fan D, Carson JA, Murphy EA. miR155 deficiency aggravates high-fat diet-induced adipose tissue fibrosis in male mice. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/18/e13412. [PMID: 28947593 PMCID: PMC5617927 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs are emerging as regulators of inflammatory and metabolic processes. There is evidence to suggest that miRNA155 (miR155) may be linked to inflammation and processes associated with adipogenesis. We examined the impact of global miRNA-155 deletion (miR155-/-) on the development of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We hypothesized that loss of miR155 would decrease adipose tissue inflammation and improve the metabolic profile following HFD feedings. Beginning at 4-5 weeks of age, male miR155-/- and wild-type (WT) mice (n = 13-14) on a C57BL/6 background were fed either a HFD or low-fat diet for 20 weeks. Body weight was monitored throughout the study. Baseline and terminal body composition was assessed by DEXA analysis. Adipose tissue mRNA expression (RT-qPCR) of macrophage markers (F4/80, CD11c, and CD206) and inflammatory mediators (MCP-1 and TNF-α) as well as adiponectin were measured along with activation of NFκB-p65 and JNK and PPAR-γ Adipose tissue fibrosis was assessed by picrosirius red staining and western blot analysis of Collagen I, III, and VI. Glucose metabolism and insulin resistance were assessed by Homeostatic Model Assessment - Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and a glucose tolerance test. Compared to WT HFD mice, miR155-/- HFD mice displayed similar body weights, yet reduced visceral adipose tissue accumulation. However, miR155-/- HFD displayed exacerbated adipose tissue fibrosis and decreased PPAR-γ protein content. The loss of miR155 did not affect adipose tissue inflammation or glucose metabolism. In conclusion, miR155 deletion did not attenuate the development of the obese phenotype, but adipose tissue fibrosis was exacerbated, possibly through changes to adipogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandy T Velázquez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Reilly T Enos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Meredith S Carson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Taryn L Cranford
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Jackie E Bader
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Alexander T Sougiannis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Cara Pritchett
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - James A Carson
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - E Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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Lee MJ. Transforming growth factor beta superfamily regulation of adipose tissue biology in obesity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1160-1171. [PMID: 29409985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of dysfunctional white adipose tissues increases risks for cardiometabolic diseases in obesity. In addition to white, brown or brite adipose tissues are also present in adult humans and increasing their amount may be protective. Therefore, understanding factors regulating the amount and function of each adipose depot is crucial for developing therapeutic targets for obesity and its associated metabolic diseases. The transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily, which consists of TGFβ, BMPs, GDFs, and activins, controls multiple aspects of adipose biology. This review focuses on the recent development in understanding the role of TGFβ superfamily in the regulation of white, brite and brown adipocyte differentiation, adipose tissue fibrosis, and adipocyte metabolic and endocrine functions. TGFβ family and their antagonists are produced locally within adipose tissues and their expression levels are altered in obesity. We also discuss their potential contribution to adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Lee
- Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Wang L, Ye X, Hua Y, Song Y. Berberine alleviates adipose tissue fibrosis by inducing AMP-activated kinase signaling in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:121-129. [PMID: 29852389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue fibrosis is a novel mechanism for the development of obesity related insulin resistance. Berberine (BBR) has been shown to relieve several metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the effects of BBR on obesity related adipose fibrosis remain poorly understood. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of BBR on adipose tissue fibrosis in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. The results showed that BBR reduced animal body weight and significantly improved glucose tolerance in HFD mice. In addition, BBR treatment markedly attenuated collagen deposition and reversed the up-regulation of fibrosis associated genes in the adipose tissue of HFD mice. Moreover, BBR treatment activated AMP-activated kinase signaling and reduced TGF-β1 and Smad3 phosphorylation. Of note, the inhibitory effects of BBR on adipose tissue fibrosis were significantly blocked by AMPK inhibition with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor. Macrophage infiltration and polarization induced by HFD were also reversed after BBR administration. These findings suggest that BBR displays beneficial effects in the treatment of obesity, in part via improvement of adipose tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, No.158 shangtang road, Zhejiang, PR China; People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, No.481 binwen road, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Xiao Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, No.158 shangtang road, Zhejiang, PR China; People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, No.481 binwen road, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Yanyin Hua
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, No.158 shangtang road, Zhejiang, PR China; People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, No.481 binwen road, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Yingxiang Song
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, No.158 shangtang road, Zhejiang, PR China; People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, No.481 binwen road, Zhejiang, PR China.
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