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Kumari S, Kumar RN. How effective aerated continuous electrocoagulation can be for tetracycline removal from river water using aluminium electrodes? Chemosphere 2022; 305:135476. [PMID: 35760132 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study assessed the effects of aeration on continuous electrocoagulation (EC) for tetracycline (TCL) removal from river water. Influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and initial drug concentration on treatment efficiency was tested. Best conditions for continuous EC operation were 12 min HRT, electrode spacing 2 cm, 9 V, and Al-Al electrode combination. Highest COD removal with non-aerated EC was 59.4% at 1 mg L-1 initial TCL concentration and further increasing TCL concentration decreased COD removal efficiency. Maximum TCL removal was 66.6% at 10 mg L-1 initial TCL concentration with non-aerated EC. Aerated EC enhanced COD and TCL removal to 61.4% and 71.5%, respectively. In XRD and FTIR spectra no new peaks were detected following EC treatment. XRD, FTIR and FESEM-EDS data supported that significant removal of TCL occurred by charge neutralization, entrapment, adsorption and precipitation driven by Al (OH)3 flocs. Pseudo-second order reaction rate constants explained the kinetics of TCL removal from river water. Sludge volume produced with continuous mode EC non-aerated and aerated EC was 31 cm3 and 39 cm3, respectively. Operating cost was estimated to 0.018 US$/m3 for non-aerated EC and 0.025 US$/m3 for aerated EC. EC can be augmented by aeration for enhanced removal of TCL from river water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Kumari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - R Naresh Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India.
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Zhao FJ, Liu LT, Wang Z, Wang NX, Ma MY, Jia XH, Lu SJ, Xiang YQ, Zheng LL, Hu H. Development and immunogenicity evaluation of porcine deltacoronavirus inactivated vaccine with different adjuvants in mice. Vaccine 2022; 40:4211-4219. [PMID: 35691873 PMCID: PMC9181634 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a novel coronavirus that causes diarrhea in pigs of various ages, especially in suckling piglets, and there are no effective measures to prevent and control PDCoV currently. In this study, two adjuvants Al(OH)3 and ODN2395 working through different mechanisms were used to prepare inactivated PDCoV vaccines, and the immune effects of PDCoV inactivated vaccines were assessed in mice. From the results, we found that both PDCoV/Al(OH)3 vaccine and PDCoV/2395 vaccine could induce IgG and neutralizing antibodies with high levels in mice. At the same time, cytokines of IFN-γ, IL-4 and chemokine ligand of CXCL13 in serum were significantly increased after immunization, and reached the highest levels in PDCoV/2395 vaccine group, which suggested that PDCoV/2395 could promote the production of both Th1 and Th2 polarized cytokines. In addition, histopathological observations showed that vaccination helped mice resist PDCoV infection. These results indicated that both the two inactivated vaccines have good immune effects. Moreover, the PDCoV/2395 vaccine worked better than the PDCoV/Al(OH)3 vaccine for PDCoV/2395 having the good ability to induce both humoral and cellular immunogenicity. The PDCoV/2395 inactivated vaccine developed in this study might be an effective tool for the prevention of PDCoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Jie Zhao
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lin-Tao Liu
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zi Wang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Nian-Xiang Wang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Meng-Yao Ma
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xin-Hao Jia
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Si-Jia Lu
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Xiang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lan-Lan Zheng
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Hui Hu
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Kumari S, Kumar RN. River water treatment using electrocoagulation for removal of acetaminophen and natural organic matter. Chemosphere 2021; 273:128571. [PMID: 33268098 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) was assessed for removal of acetaminophen and natural organic matter (measured as UV254) from river water. Process was assessed for time, electrode materials, inter electrode distance, and voltage. Best conditions for removal of acetaminophen and UV254 absorbance were 60 min reaction time, aluminum-aluminum electrodes, 2 cm inter electrode distance, and 9 V. Acetaminophen tested at 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 mg L-1 showed that treatment efficiency decreased as the concentration increased. The main mechanism for removal of acetaminophen was H bonding with Al(OH)3 flocs; this was confirmed by XRD and FT-IR spectrum. Pseudo-second order kinetics model exhibited a good fit on experimental data for acetaminophen removal at different concentrations. Univariate ANOVA indicated statistically significant difference between treatments for acetaminophen removal (F2.76 = 136, P = <0.001). A significant linear correlation was found between UV254 absorbance and acetaminophen removal at different concentrations. Preliminary analysis suggest that EC will cost US$ 0.22/m3 for river water treatment. The lab-scale EC process was compared with a full-scale water treatment plant for removal of natural organic matter. Water treatment plant after multiple levels of purification was not able to fully remove UV254 absorbance whereas EC treatment showed good efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Kumari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - R Naresh Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India.
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Wang W, Huang B, Jiang T, Wang X, Qi X, Tan W, Ruan L. Maximal immune response and cross protection by influenza virus nucleoprotein derived from E. coli using an optimized formulation. Virology 2014; 468-470:265-273. [PMID: 25213406 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The highly conserved internal nucleoprotein (NP) is a promising antigen to develop a universal influenza A virus vaccine. In this study, mice were injected intramuscularly with Escherichia coli-derived NP protein alone or in combination with adjuvant alum (Al(OH)3), CpG or both. The results showed that the NP protein formulated with adjuvant was effective in inducing a protective immune response. Additionally, the adjuvant efficacy of Al(OH)3 was stronger than that of CpG. Optimal immune responses were observed in BALB/c mice immunized with a combination of NP protein plus Al(OH)3 and CpG. These mice also showed maximal resistance following challenge with influenza A virus PR8 strain. Most importantly, 10 µg NP formulated with Al(OH)3 and CpG induced higher protection than did 90 µg NP. These findings indicated that a combination of Al(OH)3 and CpG may be an efficient adjuvant in the NP formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 155# Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Baoying Huang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 155# Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 155# Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiuping Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 155# Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiangrong Qi
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 155# Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenjie Tan
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 155# Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li Ruan
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 155# Chang Bai Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing 102206, China.
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