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Schlauer J, Fleischmann A, Hartmeyer SRH, Hartmeyer I, Rischer H. Distribution of Acetogenic Naphthoquinones in Droseraceae and Their Chemotaxonomic Utility. Biology (Basel) 2024; 13:97. [PMID: 38392315 PMCID: PMC10886480 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Chemotaxonomy is the link between the state of the art in analytical chemistry and the systematic classification and phylogenetic analysis of biota. Although the characteristic secondary metabolites from diverse biotic sources have been used in pharmacology and biological systematics since the dawn of mankind, only comparatively recently established reproducible methods have allowed the precise identification and distinction of structurally similar compounds. Reliable, rapid screening methods like TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) can be used to investigate sufficiently large numbers of samples for chemotaxonomic purposes. Using distribution patterns of mutually exclusive naphthoquinones, it is demonstrated in this review how a simple set of chemical data from a representative sample of closely related species in the sundew family (Droseraceae, Nepenthales) provides taxonomically and phylogenetically informative signal within the investigated group and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schlauer
- The Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fleischmann
- Botanische Staatssammlung München, Menzinger Strasse 67, D-80638 Munich, Germany
- GeoBio-Center LMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-80539 München, Germany
| | | | - Irmgard Hartmeyer
- Independent Researcher, Wittlinger Str. 5, D-79576 Weil am Rhein, Germany
| | - Heiko Rischer
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Tekniikantie 21, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland
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Płachno BJ, Kapusta M, Stolarczyk P, Wójciak M, Świątek P. Immunocytochemical Analysis of Bifid Trichomes in Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. Traps. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36834769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The two-armed bifids (bifid trichomes) occur on the external (abaxial) trap surface, petiole, and stem of the aquatic carnivorous plant Aldrovanda vesiculosa (Droseracee). These trichomes play the role of mucilage trichomes. This study aimed to fill the gap in the literature concerning the immunocytochemistry of the bifid trichomes and compare them with digestive trichomes. Light and electron microscopy was used to show the trichome structure. Fluorescence microscopy revealed the localization of carbohydrate epitopes associated with the major cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins. The stalk cells and the basal cells of the trichomes were differentiated as endodermal cells. Cell wall ingrowths occurred in all cell types of the bifid trichomes. Trichome cells differed in the composition of their cell walls. The cell walls of the head cells and stalk cells were enriched with arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs); however, they were generally poor in both low- and highly-esterified homogalacturonans (HGs). The cell walls in the trichome cells were rich in hemicelluloses: xyloglucan and galactoxyloglucan. The cell wall ingrowths in the basal cells were significantly enriched with hemicelluloses. The presence of endodermal cells and transfer cells supports the idea that bifid trichomes actively transport solutes, which are polysaccharide in nature. The presence of AGPs (which are considered plant signaling molecules) in the cell walls in these trichome cells indicates the active and important role of these trichomes in plant function. Future research should focus on the question of how the molecular architecture of trap cell walls changes in cells during trap development and prey capture and digestion in A. vesiculosa and other carnivorous plants.
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Westermeier AS, Sachse R, Poppinga S, Vögele P, Adamec L, Speck T, Bischoff M. How the carnivorous waterwheel plant ( Aldrovanda vesiculosa) snaps. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2018.0012. [PMID: 29743251 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fast motion of the snap-traps of the terrestrial Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) have been intensively studied, in contrast to the tenfold faster underwater snap-traps of its phylogenetic sister, the waterwheel plant (Aldrovanda vesiculosa). Based on biomechanical and functional-morphological analyses and on a reverse biomimetic approach via mechanical modelling and computer simulations, we identify a combination of hydraulic turgor change and the release of prestress stored in the trap as essential for actuation. Our study is the first to identify and analyse in detail the motion principle of Aldrovanda, which not only leads to a deepened understanding of fast plant movements in general, but also contributes to the question of how snap-traps may have evolved and also allows for the development of novel biomimetic compliant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Westermeier
- Plant Biomechanics Group and Botanic Garden (PBG), University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany .,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Georges-Koehler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Renate Sachse
- Institute for Structural Mechanics (IBB), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 7, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simon Poppinga
- Plant Biomechanics Group and Botanic Garden (PBG), University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Vögele
- Plant Biomechanics Group and Botanic Garden (PBG), University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lubomir Adamec
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 379 82 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group and Botanic Garden (PBG), University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Georges-Koehler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Bischoff
- Institute for Structural Mechanics (IBB), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 7, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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Poppinga S, Hartmeyer SR, Masselter T, Hartmeyer I, Speck T. Trap diversity and evolution in the family Droseraceae. Plant Signal Behav 2013; 8:e24685. [PMID: 23603942 PMCID: PMC3907454 DOI: 10.4161/psb.24685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We review trapping mechanisms in the carnivorous flowering plant family Droseraceae (order Caryophyllales). Its members are generally known to attract, capture, retain and digest prey animals (mainly arthropods) with active snap-traps (Aldrovanda, Dionaea) or with active sticky flypaper traps (Drosera) and to absorb the resulting nutrients. Recent investigations revealed how the snap-traps of Aldrovanda vesiculosa (waterwheel plant) and Dionaea muscipula (Venus' flytrap) work mechanically and how these apparently similar devices differ as to their functional morphology and shutting mechanics. The Sundews (Drosera spp.) are generally known to possess leaves covered with glue-tentacles that both can bend toward and around stuck prey. Recently, it was shown that there exists in this genus a higher diversity of different tentacle types and trap configurations than previously known which presumably reflect adaptations to different prey spectra. Based on these recent findings, we finally comment on possible ways for intrafamiliar trap evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Poppinga
- Plant Biomechanics Group; Botanic Garden; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg; Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Correspondence to: Simon Poppinga,
| | | | - Tom Masselter
- Plant Biomechanics Group; Botanic Garden; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg; Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group; Botanic Garden; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg; Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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