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Zhang X, Zhao H, Wang N, Xiao Y, Liang S, Yang J, Huang X. Gradual gradient distribution composite solid electrolyte for solid-state lithium metal batteries with ameliorated electrochemical performance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 658:836-845. [PMID: 38154246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) have emerged as promising contenders for tackling the safety concerns associated with lithium metal batteries and attaining elevated energy densities. Nonetheless, augmenting ion conductivity and curtailing the growth of lithium dendrites within the electrolyte remain pressing challenges. We have developed CSEs featuring a unique structure, in which Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) is distributed in a gradient decline from the center to both sides (GCSE). This distinctive arrangement encompasses heightened polymer content at the edges, thereby enhancing the compatibility between CSEs and electrode materials. Concurrently, the escalated LLZTO content at the center functions to impede the proliferation of lithium dendrites. The uniform gradient distribution state facilitates the consistent and rapid transport of lithium ions. At room temperature, GCSE exhibits an ionic conductivity of 1.5 × 10-4 S cm-1, with stable constant current cycling of lithium for over 1200 h. Furthermore, CR2032 coin batteries with a LiFePO4 (LFP)|GCSE|Li configuration demonstrate excellent rate performance and cycling stability, yielding a discharge capacity of 120 mA h g-1 at 0.5C and retaining 90 % capacity after 200 cycles at 60 °C. Flexible solid electrolytes with gradient structures offer substantial advantages in dealing with ion conductivity and inhibition of lithium dendrites, thereby expected to propel the practical application of lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth, Grirem Advanced Materials Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China; Rare Earth Functional Materials (Xiong'an) Innovation Center Co., Ltd., Xiong'an 071700, China; General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth, Grirem Advanced Materials Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China; Rare Earth Functional Materials (Xiong'an) Innovation Center Co., Ltd., Xiong'an 071700, China; General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Ning Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth, Grirem Advanced Materials Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China; Rare Earth Functional Materials (Xiong'an) Innovation Center Co., Ltd., Xiong'an 071700, China; General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yiyang Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth, Grirem Advanced Materials Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China; Rare Earth Functional Materials (Xiong'an) Innovation Center Co., Ltd., Xiong'an 071700, China; General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Shiang Liang
- National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth, Grirem Advanced Materials Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China; Rare Earth Functional Materials (Xiong'an) Innovation Center Co., Ltd., Xiong'an 071700, China; General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Juanyu Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth, Grirem Advanced Materials Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China; Rare Earth Functional Materials (Xiong'an) Innovation Center Co., Ltd., Xiong'an 071700, China; General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China.
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth, Grirem Advanced Materials Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China; Rare Earth Functional Materials (Xiong'an) Innovation Center Co., Ltd., Xiong'an 071700, China; General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China.
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Zhang Z, Han WQ. From Liquid to Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries: Fundamental Issues and Recent Developments. Nanomicro Lett 2023; 16:24. [PMID: 37985522 PMCID: PMC10661211 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries has been driven by the proliferation of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, which have increasingly stringent energy density requirements. Lithium metal batteries (LMBs), with their ultralow reduction potential and high theoretical capacity, are widely regarded as the most promising technical pathway for achieving high energy density batteries. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of fundamental issues related to high reactivity and migrated interfaces in LMBs. Furthermore, we propose improved strategies involving interface engineering, 3D current collector design, electrolyte optimization, separator modification, application of alloyed anodes, and external field regulation to address these challenges. The utilization of solid-state electrolytes can significantly enhance the safety of LMBs and represents the only viable approach for advancing them. This review also encompasses the variation in fundamental issues and design strategies for the transition from liquid to solid electrolytes. Particularly noteworthy is that the introduction of SSEs will exacerbate differences in electrochemical and mechanical properties at the interface, leading to increased interface inhomogeneity-a critical factor contributing to failure in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. Based on recent research works, this perspective highlights the current status of research on developing high-performance LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qiang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
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