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Curcio C, Rosso T, Brugiapaglia S, Guadagnin G, Giordano D, Castellino B, Satolli MA, Spadi R, Campra D, Moro F, Papotti MG, Bertero L, Cassoni P, De Angelis C, Langella S, Ferrero A, Armentano S, Bellotti G, Fenocchio E, Nuzzo A, Ciccone G, Novelli F. Circulating autoantibodies to alpha-enolase (ENO1) and far upstream element-binding protein 1 (FUBP1) are negative prognostic factors for pancreatic cancer patient survival. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:5089-5100. [PMID: 37910256 PMCID: PMC10725354 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has a dismal prognosis due to a lack of early diagnostic markers and effective therapy. In PDA patients, the glycolytic enzyme and plasminogen receptor alpha-enolase (ENO1) and the transcription factor far upstream element-binding protein 1 (FUBP1) are upregulated and elicit the production of autoantibodies (aAb) that discriminate healthy subjects from PDA patients, with the latter mostly directed to post-translational phosphorylated isoforms. Here, the correlation of prognosis with circulating ENO1 and FUBP1aAb, and their protein tissue expression was analyzed in PDA patients. Circulating ENO1 and FUBP1 aAb was analyzed in two cohorts of PDA patients by ELISA (n = 470), while tissues expression was observed by immunohistochemistry (n = 45). Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, while the Cox model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) adjusted for the main prognostic factors. Logistic models were applied to assess associations between death and its risk indicators. All statistical analyses were performed with Stata version 15. Unlike ENO1 aAb, there was a significant correlation between FUBP1 aAb and FUBP1 expression in tumors (p = 0.0268). In addition, we found that high ENO1 (p = 0.016) and intermediate FUBP1 aAb levels (p = 0.013) were unfavorable prognostic factors. Notably, it was found that high anti-FUBP1 aAb level is a good prognostic marker for tail-body PDA (p = 0.016). Our results suggest that different levels of circulating aAb to ENO1 and FUBP1 predict a poor outcome in PDA patients and can be used to improve therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Curcio
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- ENOAPA Biobank, SSD Banche Tessuti E Bioconservatorio, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rosso
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Brugiapaglia
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- ENOAPA Biobank, SSD Banche Tessuti E Bioconservatorio, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgia Guadagnin
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- ENOAPA Biobank, SSD Banche Tessuti E Bioconservatorio, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniele Giordano
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- ENOAPA Biobank, SSD Banche Tessuti E Bioconservatorio, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Bruno Castellino
- Centro Oncologico Ematologico Subalpino, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Satolli
- Centro Oncologico Ematologico Subalpino, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosella Spadi
- Centro Oncologico Ematologico Subalpino, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Donata Campra
- SC Chirurgia Generale d'urgenza E Pronto Soccorso, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Moro
- SC Chirurgia Generale U2, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Giulio Papotti
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Bertero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio De Angelis
- SCDU Gastroenterology U, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Serena Langella
- General Surgery and Oncology, Ordine Mauriziano Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Serena Armentano
- General Surgery and Oncology, Ordine Mauriziano Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bellotti
- Oncology Department, SS. Antonio E Biagio C. Arrigo Di Alessandria, Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Annamaria Nuzzo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovannino Ciccone
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
- ENOAPA Biobank, SSD Banche Tessuti E Bioconservatorio, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Piazza Nizza 44B, Turin, Italy.
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Luo Y, Pang B, Hao J, Li Q, Qiao P, Zhang C, Bai Y, Xiao C, Chen J, Zhi D, Liu Y, Dang E, Wang G, Li B. Keratin 17 covalently binds to alpha-enolase and exacerbates proliferation of keratinocytes in psoriasis. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:3395-3411. [PMID: 37497003 PMCID: PMC10367554 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.83141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated glucose metabolism is an important characteristic of psoriasis. Cytoskeletal protein keratin 17 (K17) is highly expressed in the psoriatic epidermis and contributes to psoriasis pathogenesis. However, whether K17 is involved in the dysregulated glucose metabolism of keratinocytes (KCs) in psoriasis remains unclear. In the present study, loss- and gain-of-function studies showed that elevated K17 expression was critically involved in glycolytic pathway activation in psoriatic KCs. The level of α-enolase (ENO1), a novel potent interaction partner of K17, was also elevated in psoriatic KCs. Knockdown of ENO1 by siRNA or inhibition of ENO1 activity by the inhibitor ENOBlock remarkably suppressed KCs glycolysis and proliferation. Moreover, ENO1 directly interacted with K17 and maintained K17-Ser44 phosphorylation to promote the nuclear translocation of K17, which promoted the transcription of the key glycolysis enzyme lactic dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and resulted in enhanced KCs glycolysis and proliferation in vitro. Finally, either inhibiting the expression and activation of ENO1 or repressing K17-Ser44 phosphorylation significantly alleviated the IMQ-induced psoriasis-like phenotype in vivo. These findings provide new insights into the metabolic profile of psoriatic KCs and suggest that modulation of the ENO1-K17-LDHA axis is a potentially innovative therapeutic approach to psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gang Wang
- ✉ Corresponding author: Bing Li, MD, PhD, Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China. Tel: 86-29-84775401, E-mail: . Gang Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China. Tel: 86-29-84775401, E-mail:
| | - Bing Li
- ✉ Corresponding author: Bing Li, MD, PhD, Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China. Tel: 86-29-84775401, E-mail: . Gang Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China. Tel: 86-29-84775401, E-mail:
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Ma J, Zhu J, Li J, Liu J, Kang X, Yu J. Enhanced E6AP-mediated ubiquitination of ENO1 via LINC00663 contributes to radiosensitivity of breast cancer by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. Cancer Lett 2023; 560:216118. [PMID: 36871813 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy has shown measurable efficacy in breast cancer (BC). Elucidating the mechanisms and developing effective strategies against resistance, which is a major challenge, is crucial. Mitochondria, which regulate homeostasis of the redox environment, have emerged as a radiotherapeutic target. However, the mechanism via which mitochondria are controlled under radiation remains elusive. Here, we identified alpha-enolase (ENO1), as a prognostic marker for the efficacy of BC radiotherapy. ENO1 enhances radio-therapeutic resistance in BC via reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo through modulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. Moreover, LINC00663 was identified as an upstream regulator of ENO1, which regulates radiotherapeutic sensitivity by downregulating ENO1 expression in BC cells. LINC00663 regulates ENO1 protein stability by enhancing the E6AP-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In BC patients, LINC00663 expression is negatively correlated with ENO1 expression. Among patients treated with IR, those who did not respond to radiotherapy expressed lower levels of LINC00663 than those sensitive to radiotherapy. Our work established LINC00663/ENO1 critical to regulate IR-resistance in BC. Inhibition of ENO1 with a specific inhibitor or supplement of LINC00663 could be potential sensitizing therapeutic strategies for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Ma
- Shandong University Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Junwen Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jingtong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaofeng Kang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.
| | - Jinming Yu
- Shandong University Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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Kishimoto N, Yamamoto K, Iga N, Kirihara C, Abe T, Takamune N, Misumi S. Alpha-enolase in viral target cells suppresses the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integration. Retrovirology 2020; 17:31. [PMID: 32917235 PMCID: PMC7488571 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-020-00539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A protein exhibiting more than one biochemical function is termed a moonlighting protein. Glycolytic enzymes are typical moonlighting proteins, and these enzymes control the infection of various viruses. Previously, we reported that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and alpha-enolase (ENO1) are incorporated into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particles from viral producer cells and suppress viral reverse transcription independently each other. However, it remains unclear whether these proteins expressed in viral target cells affect the early phase of HIV-1 replication. Results Here we show that the GAPDH expression level in viral target cells does not affect the early phase of HIV-1 replication, but ENO1 has a capacity to suppress viral integration in viral target cells. In contrast to GAPDH, suppression of ENO1 expression by RNA interference in the target cells increased viral infectivity, but had no effect on the expression levels of the HIV-1 receptors CD4, CCR5 and CXCR4 and on the level of HIV-1 entry. Quantitative analysis of HIV-1 reverse transcription products showed that the number of copies of the late products (R/gag) and two-long-terminal-repeat circular forms of viral cDNAs did not change but that of the integrated (Alu-gag) form increased. In contrast, overexpression of ENO1 in viral target cells decreased viral infectivity owing to the low viral integration efficiency. Results of subcellular fractionation experiments suggest that the HIV integration at the nucleus was negatively regulated by ENO1 localized in the nucleus. In addition, the overexpression of ENO1 in both viral producer cells and target cells most markedly suppressed the viral replication. Conclusions These results indicate that ENO1 in the viral target cells prevents HIV-1 integration. Importantly, ENO1, but not GAPDH, has the bifunctional inhibitory activity against HIV-1 replication. The results provide and new insights into the function of ENO1 as a moonlighting protein in HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kengo Yamamoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Nozomi Iga
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Chie Kirihara
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Towa Abe
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Kumamoto Innovative Development Organization, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
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Uddin MN, Yao Y, Mondal T, Matala R, Manley K, Lin Q, Lawrence DA. Immunity and autoantibodies of a mouse strain with autistic-like behavior. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 4:100069. [PMID: 34589851 PMCID: PMC8474232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Female and male mice of the BTBR T + Itpr3 tf /J (BTBR) strain have behaviors that resemble autism spectrum disorder. In comparison to C57BL/6 (B6) mice, BTBR mice have elevated humoral immunity, in that they have naturally high serum IgG levels and generate high levels of IgG antibodies, including autoantibodies to brain antigens. This study focused on the specificities of autoantibodies and the immune cells and their transcription factors that might be responsible for the autoantibodies. BTBR IgG autoantibodies bind to neurons better than microglia and with highest titer to nuclear antigens. Two of the antigens identified were alpha-enolase (ENO1) and dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase component of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial (DLST). Surprisingly based on IgG levels, the blood and spleens of BTBR mice have more CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but fewer B cells than B6 mice. The high levels of autoantibodies in BTBR relates to their splenic T follicular helper (Tfh) cell levels, which likely are responsible for the higher number of plasma cells in BTBR mice than B6 mice. BTBR mice have increased gene expression of interleukin-21 receptor (I l -21 r) and Paired Box 5 (Pax5), which are known to aid B cell differentiation to plasma cells, and an increased Lysine Demethylase 6B (Kdm6b)/DNA Methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) ratio, which increases gene expression. Identification of gene expression and immune activities of BTBR mice may aid understanding of mechanisms associated with autism since neuroimmune network interactions have been posited and induction of autoantibodies may drive the neuroinflammation associated with autism.
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Key Words
- ASD, autism spectrum disorder
- Ab, antibody
- Ag, antigen
- Alpha-enolase
- Autism
- Autoantibody
- BM, bone marrow
- BTBR
- Dlst, dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase component of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial
- Dnmt1
- Dnmt1, DNA Methyltransferase 1
- Eno1, alpha-enolase
- IL-21r
- IL21R, interleukin-21 receptor
- Kdm6b
- Kdm6b, Lysine Demethylase 6B
- Pax5
- Pax5, Paired Box 5
- Plasma cell
- T follicular helper cell
- Tfh, T follicular helper cell
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nizam Uddin
- Wadsworth Center/New York State Department of Health, RNA Epitranscriptomics & Proteomics Resource, SUNY at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Yunyi Yao
- Wadsworth Center/New York State Department of Health, RNA Epitranscriptomics & Proteomics Resource, SUNY at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Tapan Mondal
- Wadsworth Center/New York State Department of Health, RNA Epitranscriptomics & Proteomics Resource, SUNY at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Rosemary Matala
- University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Manley
- Wadsworth Center/New York State Department of Health, RNA Epitranscriptomics & Proteomics Resource, SUNY at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Qishan Lin
- RNA Epitranscriptomics & Proteomics Resource, SUNY at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - David A Lawrence
- Wadsworth Center/New York State Department of Health, RNA Epitranscriptomics & Proteomics Resource, SUNY at Albany, Albany, NY, USA.,University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY, USA
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Miura G, Baba T, Iwase T, Ohde H, Kanda A, Saito W, Ishida S, Yamamoto S. Non-paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy that developed in fellow eye 10 years after onset in first eye: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:132. [PMID: 32252709 PMCID: PMC7137295 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence-based criteria for the treatment of autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) have not been established. The pathology and clinical features of each antibody causing AIR, and its long-term course are still undetermined. We report our findings in a case of non-paraneoplastic AIR (npAIR) that developed in the fellow eye 10 years after the onset in the first eye. Case presentation Our patient had photophobia in both eyes and a rapidly progressing visual field defect in his right eye at the initial examination. He was diagnosed with non-paraneoplastic AIR based on the clinical findings and immunoblot analyses for anti-retinal antibodies, and he was treated with steroids. Ten years later, a visual field defect developed in the fellow eye, and a diagnosis of npAIR was made. Immunoblot analyses were positive for anti-α-enolase antibodies. He was treated with steroids, immunosuppressants, and plasma exchange. However, the response to the treatment was poor and both eyes eventually became blind. Conclusions As best we know, this is the first case report of npAIR that developed in the fellow eye over 10 years after the development in the first eye. Long-term follow-up and a search for tumor lesions are necessary in cases of npAIR. Further understanding of the long-term course of AIR can contribute to an understanding of the pathology and treatment of npAIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Miura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Baba
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takehito Iwase
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hisao Ohde
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Kanda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wataru Saito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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McLeland S, Quimby J, Lappin MR. Alpha-enolase staining patterns in the renal tissues of cats with and without chronic kidney disease. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 212:23-26. [PMID: 31213248 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Renal α-enolase has variable expression in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Therefore, in order to define the distribution of α-enolase in renal tissues of cats, an immunohistochemistry assay was validated and described here. Tissues from 29 cats with IRIS Stage 2-4 CKD, 8 control cats < 2 years of age, and 4 control cats> 10 years of age were assessed. Interstitial nephritis was the predominant histopathological finding in the CKD group. The control cats < 2 years of age had moderate α-enolase immunoreactivity in tubular epithelium but staining was absent to mild in glomeruli. In contrast, α-enolase was moderate to high in tubular epithelium and glomeruli in control cats > 10 years of age. In cats with CKD, α-enolase was decreased in tubules that were degenerative or atrophic, similar to normal tubules in control groups, and moderate to high in glomeruli. When compared between the study groups, the results suggest that alpha-enolase decreases in damaged tubules and increases in the glomeruli of older cats prior to the development of detectable CKD. Further studies will be required to determine whether these findings relate to the pathogenesis or could be used in the diagnosis of feline CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon McLeland
- From the Center for Companion Animal Studies, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jessica Quimby
- From the Center for Companion Animal Studies, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Michael R Lappin
- From the Center for Companion Animal Studies, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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Owusu L, Xu C, Chen H, Liu G, Zhang G, Zhang J, Tang Z, Sun Z, Yi X. Gamma-enolase predicts lung damage in severe acute pancreatitis-induced acute lung injury. J Mol Histol 2018; 49:347-56. [PMID: 29728894 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) associated acute lung injury (ALI) accounts for about 70% mortality of SAP patients. However, there are no precise biomarkers for the disease currently. Herein, we evaluated the potential of gamma-enolase (ENO2), against its universal isoform alpha-enolase (ENO1), as a marker of SAP-ALI in a rat model. Firstly, 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, Sham (n = 8) and SAP-ALI (n = 8), for pancreatitis induction. Ultra-structure examination by electron microscopy and HE staining were used for lung injury assessment. Lung tissue expressions of alpha-enolase and gamma-enolase were evaluated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. In a prospective validation experiment, 28 rats were used: sham (n = 8), SAP-ALI at 3 h (3 h, n = 10), and SAP-ALI at 24 h (24 h, n = 10). Lung tissue damage, tissue expression and circulating alpha-enolase and gamma-enolase levels were evaluated. Elevated serum levels of α-amylase and TNF-α were observed in SAP rats but not in sham-operated rats. Histological examination of pancreatic and lung tissues indicated marked damage in SAP rats. While alpha-enolase was universally expressed, gamma-enolase was expressed only in damaged lung tissues. Gamma-enolase was detected in lung tissues, BALF, and serum as early as 3 h post-surgery when physical pathological damage was not apparent. Unlike alpha-enolase, secreted and/or circulating gamma-enolase level progressively increased, especially in serum, as lung damage progressed. Thus, gamma-enolase may signal and correlate lung tissue damage well before obvious physical pathological tissue damage and might be a candidate diagnostic and/or prognostic marker.
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Sun L, Guo C, Cao J, Burnett J, Yang Z, Ran Y, Sun D. Over-Expression of Alpha-Enolase as a Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:655-661. [PMID: 28824297 PMCID: PMC5562116 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.18736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alpha-enolase is an important glycolytic enzyme, and its aberrant expression has been associated with multiple tumor progression. However, few studies investigated the expression of alpha-enolase and its clinical significance in pancreatic cancer (PC). Objectives: To evaluate alpha-enolase level in PC tissues by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis, and investigate the association of alpha-enolase expression with clinicopathologic features. Methods: The alpha-enolase levels in pancreatic cancer tissues were analyzed by using the Oncomine database. The expression of alpha-enolase, Ki67 and p53 in pancreatic cancer and adjacent normal tissues were evaluated by IHC using the corresponding primary antibodies on the commercial tissue arrays. We also examined their association with clinicopathologic parameters, and explored their prognostic value in PC. Results: We identified an elevation of alpha-enolase mRNA level in pancreatic cancer independent datasets from Oncomine. IHC analysis showed that alpha-enolase protein levels were elevated in 47% (n=100) PC tissue samples, but there was weak or no staining in the normal tissues. Statistical analysis revealed that high levels of alpha-enolase were significantly associated with Stage and Lymph node metastasis. Correlation analysis indicated that over-expression of alpha-enolase was positively associated with Ki67 expression and inversely correlated with p53 expression. Furthermore, membranous expression of alpha-enolase was also observed in 29.8% (14/47) total alpha-enolase positive samples, and was significantly associated with Lymph node metastasis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that high total alpha-enolase expression was significantly associated with unfavorable survival, while membranous alpha-enolase expression was significantly associated with better survival of PC patients. Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that total alpha-enolase expression was an independent prognostic factor for PC patients. Conclusions: Our results suggested that alpha-enolase level was significantly elevated in pancreatic cancer tissues, which was closely associated with PC progression. It might be a candidate target for targeted pancreatic cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunguang Guo
- Department of abdominal surgical oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jianzhong Cao
- The department of radiotherapy, The affiliated cancer hospital of Shanxi medical university, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030013, China
| | - Joseph Burnett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuliang Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
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Pavlikova N, Smetana P, Halada P, Kovar J. Effect of prolonged exposure to sublethal concentrations of DDT and DDE on protein expression in human pancreatic beta cells. Environ Res 2015; 142:257-263. [PMID: 26186133 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of the environment represents one of less explored potential reasons for the worldwide epidemic of type 2 diabetes. One of the most prevalent organochlorine pollutants remains the pesticide DDT and its degradation product DDE. Despite some epidemiologic correlations between levels of DDT and DDE in human organism and the prevalence of diabetes, there is almost no information about the exact targets of these compounds inside pancreatic beta cells. To detect functional areas of pancreatic beta cells that could be affected by exposure to DDT and DDE, we analyzed changes in protein expression in the NES2Y human pancreatic beta cell line exposed to three sublethal concentrations (0.1 μM, 1 μM, 10 μM) of DDT and DDE for 1 month. Protein separation and identification was achieved using high-resolution 2D-electrophoresis, computer analysis and mass spectrometry. With these techniques, four proteins were found downregulated after exposure to 10 μM DDT: three cytoskeletal proteins (cytokeratin 8, cytokeratin 18 and actin) and one protein involved in glycolysis (alpha-enolase). Two proteins were downregulated after exposure to 10 μM DDE: cytokeratin 18 and heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (HNRH1). These changes correlate with previously described effects of other stress conditions (e.g. exposure to palmitate, hyperglycemia, imidazoline derivative, and cytokines) on protein expression in pancreatic beta cells. We conclude that cytoskeletal proteins and their processing, glucose metabolism, and mRNA processing may represent targets affected by exposure to conditions hostile to pancreatic beta cells, including exposure to DDT and DDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Pavlikova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Smetana
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Halada
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kovar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Rojpibulstit P, Kittisenachai S, Puthong S, Manochantr S, Gamnarai P, Jitrapakdee S, Roytrakul S. Hep88 mAb-initiated paraptosis-like PCD pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line through the binding of mortalin (HSPA9) and alpha-enolase. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:69. [PMID: 25788858 PMCID: PMC4364037 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent hepatic cancer worldwide. Currently, a targeted therapy via monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to tumor-associated antigen is undergoing continual development in HCC treatment. Methods In this regard, after establishing and consequently exploring Hep88 mAb’s tumoricidal effect on hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2 cell line), the Hep88 mAb’s specific antigens from both membrane and cytoplasmic fractions of HepG2 cell line were identified by 2-D gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis. After in-gel digestion and subsequent analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), mortalin (HSPA9) and alpha-enolase were identified. The recombinant proteins specific to Hep88 mAb were cloned and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). Moreover, alteration of HepG2 and Chang liver cell line after being induced by Hep88 mAb for 1–3 days was investigated using a transmission electron microscope. Results The result demonstrated that Hep88 mAb can bind to the recombinant mortalin (HSPA9) and alpha-enolase. In addition, the gradual appearing of mitochondria vacuolization and endoplasmic reticulum dilatation were observed. Those characteristics might be explained by the paraptosis-like program cell death (PCD), which is induced by the binding of Hep88 mAb to mortalin (HSPA9). Mortalin depletion resulting from the formation of Hep88 mAb-mortalin (HSPA9) complex might initiate transcription-independence of p53-mediated apoptosis. Additionally, Hep88mAb-alpha-enolase complex might initiate HepG2 cells energy exhaustion by glycolysis pathway obstruction. Conclusion These fascinating results imply that Hep88 mAb might be a promising tool for the development of an effective treatment of HCC in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panadda Rojpibulstit
- Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Khlong Luang 12121, Pathum Thani, Thailand ; Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Suthathip Kittisenachai
- Thailand National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Songchan Puthong
- Antibody Production Research Unit, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirikul Manochantr
- Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Khlong Luang 12121, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pornpen Gamnarai
- Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Khlong Luang 12121, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Jitrapakdee
- Molecular Metabolism Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Thailand National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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