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Lee YC, Chiou JT, Wang LJ, Chen YJ, Chang LS. Amsacrine downregulates BCL2L1 expression and triggers apoptosis in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells through the SIDT2/NOX4/ERK/HuR pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 474:116625. [PMID: 37451322 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the anticancer activity of acridine derivatives is mediated through the regulation of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic BCL2 protein expression. Therefore, we investigated whether the cytotoxicity of amsacrine with an acridine structural scaffold in human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) K562 cells was mediated by BCL2 family proteins. Amsacrine induced apoptosis, mitochondrial depolarization, and BCL2L1 (also known as BCL-XL) downregulation in K562 cells. BCL2L1 overexpression inhibited amsacrine-induced cell death and mitochondrial depolarization. Amsacrine treatment triggered SIDT2-mediated miR-25 downregulation, leading to increased NOX4-mediated ROS production. ROS-mediated inactivation of ERK triggered miR-22 expression, leading to increased HuR mRNA decay. As HuR is involved in stabilizing BCL2L1 mRNA, downregulation of BCL2L1 was noted in K562 cells after amsacrine treatment. In contrast, amsacrine-induced BCL2L1 downregulation was alleviated by restoring ERK phosphorylation and HuR expression. Altogether, the results of this study suggest that amsacrine triggers apoptosis in K562 cells by inhibiting BCL2L1 expression through the SIDT2/NOX4/ERK-mediated downregulation of HuR. Furthermore, a similar pathway also explains the cytotoxicity of amsacrine in CML MEG-01 and KU812 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ting Chiou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jun Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jung Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Kuron D, Pohlmann A, Angenendt L, Kessler T, Mesters R, Berdel WE, Stelljes M, Lenz G, Schliemann C, Mikesch JH. Amsacrine-based induction therapy in AML patients with cardiac comorbidities: a retrospective single-center analysis. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:755-760. [PMID: 36749402 PMCID: PMC9998561 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intensive chemotherapy is the backbone of induction treatment in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, AML patients with concomitant cardiac disease may not be eligible for anthracycline-based therapies. In a small cohort of patients, we have previously shown that anthracycline-free, amsacrine-based chemotherapy TAA (thioguanine, cytarabine, amsacrine) may be as effective as cytarabine/daunorubicin for induction therapy in these patients. In this systematic retrospective single-center analysis, we documented the outcome of 31 patients with significant cardiac comorbidities including coronary heart disease or cardiomyopathy receiving TAA as induction chemotherapy. Median (range) ejection fraction (EF) was 48% (30-67%) in this cohort. Patients with EF below 30% were considered unfit for intensive induction therapy. Event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), and relapse-free survival (RFS) were 1.61, 5.46, and 13.6 months respectively. Poor outcome was primarily related to a high early mortality rate within the first 30 days of therapy, mainly caused by infectious complications. TAA cannot be recommended as a substitute of standard induction for AML patients with significant concomitant cardiac disease. In the era of novel agents, alternative strategies (e.g., hypomethylating agents plus venetoclax) should be considered when anthracycline-based regimens are not suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kuron
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany. .,Current Affiliation: Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Alexander Pohlmann
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Linus Angenendt
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Torsten Kessler
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Rolf Mesters
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Stelljes
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Henrik Mikesch
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Gupta P, Kumar RV, Kwon CH, Chen ZS. Synthesis and anticancer evaluation of sulfur containing 9-anilinoacridines. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:102-119. [PMID: 34323200 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210728122910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA topoisomerases are a class of enzymes that play a critical role in fundamental biological processes of replication, transcription, recombination, repair and chromatin remodeling. Amsacrine (m-AMSA), the best-known compound of 9-anilinoacridines series was one of the first DNA-intercalating agents to be considered as a Topoisomerase II inhibitor. OBJECTIVE A series of sulfur containing 9-anilinoacridines related to amsacrine were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity. METHODS Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay. The topoisomerase II inhibitory assay was performed using the Human topoisomerase II Assay kit and flow cytometry was used to evaluate the effects on cell cycle of K562 cells. Molecular docking was performed using Schrödinger Maestro program. RESULTS Compound 36 was found to be the most cytotoxic of the sulfide series against SW620, K562, and MCF-7. The limited SAR suggested the importance of the methansulfonamidoacetamide side chain functionality, the lipophilicity and relative metabolic stability of 36 in contributing to the cytotoxicity. Topoisomerase II α inhibitory activity appeared to be involved in the cytotoxicity of 36 through inhibition of decatenation of kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) in a concentration dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis further showed the Topo II inhibition through accumulation of K562 cells in G2/M phase of cell cycle. Docking of 36 into the Topo II α-DNA complex suggested that it may be an allosteric inhibitor of Topo II α. CONCLUSION Compound 36 exhibits anticancer activity by inhibiting topoisomerase II and it could further be evaluated in in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York 11439, United States
| | - Radhika V Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York 11439, United States
| | - Chul-Hoon Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York 11439, United States
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York 11439, United States
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Akbari Javar H, Garkani-nejad Z, Dehghannoudeh G, Mahmoudi-moghaddam H. Development of a new electrochemical DNA biosensor based on Eu3+−doped NiO for determination of amsacrine as an anti-cancer drug: Electrochemical, spectroscopic and docking studies. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1133:48-57. [PMID: 32993873 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present research reported a new electrochemical biosensor based on ds-DNA/Eu3+ doped NiO/CPE to detect amsacrine. Therefore, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, docking, and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) have been used to study the interactions between amsacrine and dsDNA. Then, experimental parameters affected DNA immobilization and interactions between amsacrine and ds-DNA have been optimized. Afterwards, guanine oxidation peak current of ds-DNA has been chosen as a signal to analyze amsacrine in a concentration ranging between 0.1 and 100.0 μM and finally, limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 μM has been calculated at optimal condition. Ultimately, it was found that the suggested biosensor is able to determine amsacrine in human serum and urine samples successfully.
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Coelho J, Ferreira F, Martins C, Leitão A. Functional characterization and inhibition of the type II DNA topoisomerase coded by African swine fever virus. Virology 2016; 493:209-16. [PMID: 27060564 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases are essential for DNA metabolism and while their role is well studied in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, it is less known for virally-encoded topoisomerases. African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA virus that infects Ornithodoros ticks and all members of the family Suidae, representing a global threat for pig husbandry with no effective vaccine nor treatment. It was recently demonstrated that ASFV codes for a type II topoisomerase, highlighting a possible target for control of the virus. In this work, the ASFV DNA topoisomerase II was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and found to efficiently decatenate kDNA and to processively relax supercoiled DNA. Optimal conditions for its activity were determined and its sensitivity to a panel of topoisomerase poisons and inhibitors was evaluated. Overall, our results provide new knowledge on viral topoisomerases and on ASFV, as well as a possible target for the control of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Coelho
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, ULisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, ULisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, ULisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Leitão
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, ULisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Zagotto G, Gianoncelli A, Sissi C, Marzano C, Gandin V, Pasquale R, Capranico G, Ribaudo G, Palumbo M. Novel ametantrone- amsacrine related hybrids as topoisomerase IIβ poisons and cytotoxic agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2014; 347:728-37. [PMID: 25042690 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201400111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The precise definition of the structural requirements for effective topoisomerase II poisoning by drug molecules is still an elusive issue. In the attempt to better define a pharmacophoric pattern, we prepared several conjugates combining the chemical features of two well-known topoisomerase II poisons, amsacrine and ametantrone. Indeed, an appropriate fusion geometry, which entails the anthracenedione moiety of ametantrone appropriately connected to the methanesulfonamidoaniline side chain of amsacrine, elicits DNA-intercalating properties, the capacity to inhibit the human topoisomerase IIβ isoform, and cytotoxic activity resembling that of the parent compounds. In addition, the properties of the lateral groups linked to the anthracenedione group play an important role in modulating DNA binding and cell cytotoxicity. Among the compounds tested, 10, 11, and 19 appear to be promising for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Zagotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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