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Musso G, Zoccarato M, Gallo N, Plebani M, Basso D. Hook-effect in MAGLUMI immunoassay for serum anti-GAD antibodies in neurological disorders: When "wrong" matrix is the right choice. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 558:119679. [PMID: 38642630 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) are a valuable diagnostic tool to detect severe autoimmune conditions as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and anti-GAD related neurological disorders, having the latter more often anti-GAD concentrations in serum multiple times higher than in the former. Automated immunoassays, either with ELISA or chemiluminescent technology, are validated for diagnostic use in serum with analytical ranges suitable for T1DM diagnosis. In a patient presenting with a suspected autoimmune ataxia, anti-GAD testing on an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) resulted in slightly abnormal concentrations in serum (39.2 KIU/L) and very high concentrations in CSF (>280 KIU/L), thus prompting to proceed to serum dilutions to exclude a false negative result and a misdiagnosis. Different dilutions of serum resulted in nonlinear concentrations with endpoint result of 276,500 KIU/L at dilution 1:1000. CSF dilution was instead linear with endpoint result of 4050 KIU/L. In this case report we found that anti-GAD testing in CSF was essential to establish the clinical diagnosis and to suspect hook-effect in serum due to the excess of autoantibodies in this severe autoimmune condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Musso
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Laboratory Medicine Unit, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - M Zoccarato
- Neurology Unit, Ospedale Sant'Antonio, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - N Gallo
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Plebani
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Laboratory Medicine Unit, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - D Basso
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Laboratory Medicine Unit, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Lee JH, Seo JD, Lee K, Roh EY, Yun YM, Lee YW, Cho SE, Song J. Multicenter comparison of analytical interferences of 25-OH vitamin D immunoassay and mass spectrometry methods by endogenous interferents and cross-reactivity with 3-epi-25-OH-vitamin D 3. Pract Lab Med 2024; 38:e00347. [PMID: 38188654 PMCID: PMC10770599 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2023.e00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D (vit-D) deficiency is highly prevalent in the Korean population, highlighting the need for accurate measurements. In this study, the interferences by endogenous and cross-reactive substances were compared between routine vit-D immunoassays and mass spectrometry (MS) methods. Methods Two MS methods and 4 immunoassays from different manufacturers (Abbott, Beckman Coulter, Roche, Siemens) were compared. Residual samples that were icteric, lipemic, hemolyzed, high in rheumatoid factor, from myeloma patients, or patients undergoing hemodialysis were collected. Also, 4 levels of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material 972a, and 12 samples serially spiked with 3-epi-25-OH-D3 were prepared. Results Significant interferences were observed in hemolytic (Roche), icteric (Beckman and Siemens) and lipemic samples (all 4 immunoassays). Level 4 NIST material and 3-epi-25-OH-D3-spiked samples induced significant cross-reactivity, yielding higher total vit-D measurements in non-epimer-separating MS methods, and both the Beckman and Roche immunoassays. Conclusion Most observed interferences were consistent with manufacturers' claims, but overall improvement of immunoassay bias limits is required. Awareness of potential interference is important to increase the accuracy of vit-D measurements. Moreover, care is due when interpreting vit-D results of newborns, infants and less commonly, pregnant women, who are known to have physiologically high levels of the highly cross-reactive 3-epi-25-OH-D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hee Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jong Do Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyunghoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Eun Youn Roh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeo-Min Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Wha Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Cho
- Department of Endocrine Substance Analysis Center (ESAC), Green Cross Laboratories (GC Labs), Yongin, South Korea
| | - Junghan Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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Lefèvre CR, Le Divenah F, Collet N, Pelletier R, Robert E, Ropert M, Pawlowski M, Gicquel T, Bendavid C. Avoiding falsely low creatinine concentrations measured in patients treated with N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen intoxication using enzymo-amperometric method - An in vitro and in vivo study. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 551:117611. [PMID: 37865270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating creatinine is a biomarker of paramount importance in clinical practice. In cases of acetaminophen (APAP) intoxication, the antidote, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), interferes with commonly used creatininase-peroxidase methods. This study aimed to assess whether creatininase-amperometric methods were affected in this context. METHODS This study includes in vitro interference tests, involving four creatinine assays using NAC-spiked plasma pools and an in vivo retrospective study comparing creatininase-peroxidase and creatininase-amperometric measurements in patients presenting with NAC-treated APAP poisoning. RESULTS Creatininase-peroxidase method was impacted by NAC interference in a clinically-significant manner at therapeutic NAC levels (basal value recovery of 80 % and 70 % for 500 and 1000 mg.L-1 of NAC, respectively), surpassing the desirable Reference Change Value (RCV%). Enzymo-amperometric methods were not impacted. Among patients, a mean bias of -45.2 ± 28.0 % was observed for the peroxidase detection method compared to the amperometric in those who received NAC prior plasma sampling and -2.7 ± 5.4 % in those who did not. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that enzymo-amperometric creatinine assays remain unaffected by NAC interference due to the absence of the peroxidase step in the analytical process. Therefore, these methods are suitable to prevent spurious hypocreatininemia in APAP intoxicated patients undergoing NAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Lefèvre
- Clinical Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital Centre, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Felipe Le Divenah
- Clinical Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital Centre, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Collet
- Clinical Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital Centre, Rennes, France
| | - Romain Pelletier
- Clinical Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital Centre, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, Inserm, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Metabolism and Cancer) - UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Eric Robert
- Clinical Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital Centre, Rennes, France
| | - Martine Ropert
- Clinical Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital Centre, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, Inserm, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Metabolism and Cancer) - UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Maxime Pawlowski
- Clinical Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital Centre, Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Gicquel
- Clinical Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital Centre, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, Inserm, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Metabolism and Cancer) - UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Claude Bendavid
- Clinical Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Rennes University Hospital Centre, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, Inserm, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Metabolism and Cancer) - UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Latzig DL, Baynes SC, Feuerhake T, Gunsolus IL. Evaluation of local hemoglobinopathy prevalence and promotion of accurate hemoglobin A1c testing using historical data retrieval. Clin Biochem 2023; 114:59-62. [PMID: 36746202 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heterozygous hemoglobin variants are known to cause method- and variant-specific interference with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) quantitation. Less attention has been paid to the role of other hemoglobin variants in confounding HbA1c testing. Here we evaluated the frequency with which enzymatic (ENZ) and immunoassay (IA) HbA1c quantitation methods, i.e., those unable to routinely detect the presence of hemoglobin variants, were used within our healthcare system for HbA1c analysis in patients with elevated fetal hemoglobin as well as compound heterozygous and homozygous variants. DESIGN & METHODS This analysis was enabled by automated review of HbA1c result history, implemented to promote detection of variants prior to HbA1c result reporting. RESULTS During a 54-week period, 319,290 HbA1c analyses were performed. We observed 110 unique patient cases (0.03% problem identification rate) in which HbA1c testing was ordered in the presence of either a homozygous or compound heterozygous hemoglobin variant or elevated hemoglobin F beyond the tolerance of the method. Among the 110 cases identified, 55 (50%) showed a compound heterozygous or homozygous hemoglobin variant while 55 (50%) showed elevated hemoglobin F. Of those cases involving a compound heterozygous or homozygous variant, 8/55 (15%) involved patients who had one or more ENZ or IA HbA1c results reported previously within our system. Of the 55 total compound heterozygous or homozygous variants identified, 37 (67%) were hemoglobin E, 10 (18%) hemoglobin S/C, 4 (7%) hemoglobin S, 2 (4%) hemoglobin C, 1 (2%) hemoglobin Camden, and 1 (2%) unidentified variant. CONCLUSIONS Exclusive use of methods unable to routinely detect the presence of hemoglobin variants may lead to reporting of HbA1c results that are not clinically meaningful.
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Patwardhan PP, Cropcho L, Ortmann K, Dobrowolski SF, Palmer OP, Wheeler S. Hydroxocobalamin infusion in a patient monitored for plasma free hemoglobin levels. Clin Biochem 2022:S0009-9120(22)00222-3. [PMID: 36126746 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hemolysis is one of the most common preanalytical concerns in the clinical laboratory. Hydroxocobalamin administration causes red pigmentation of plasma that may mimic hemolysis and may interfere with chemistry assays. A male patient in his sixties was placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridge to transplantation. Daily plasma free hemoglobin measurements were ordered to monitor for adverse ECMO events. An intensely red plasma specimen was inconsistent with modestly elevated hemoglobin levels and became pink on dilution. Follow-up with providers indicated that the red plasma could be attributed to hydroxocobalamin administration. Performance of scanning spectrophotometry and assessment of a sample spiked with hydroxocobalamin indicated that the red colored hydroxocobalamin did not interfere with our 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine based methodology for free plasma hemoglobin measurement. It is important for the laboratory professionals to be aware of the possibility of interference in hemoglobin assays due to hydroxocobalamin.
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Tang MH, Tong HF, Wong KC, Chong YK. Ropinirole metabolite mimics a new psychoactive substance (4-HO-MET) in LC-MS/MS. Forensic Sci Int 2022; 331:111151. [PMID: 34973484 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.111151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is often regarded as a highly reliable methodology for confirmatory testing in analytical toxicology, especially for detection of new psychoactive substances (NPS) by clinical and forensic laboratories. However, false positives still do occur and erroneous reporting can have substantial legal implications. In this study, we investigated into the mechanism behind a clinically implausible, but apparently analytically sound, finding of a NPS (4-hydroxy-N-methyl-N-ethyltryptamine; 4-HO-MET) in a urine specimen for toxicology screening by LC-MS/MS. We discovered that a ropinirole metabolite (N-despropyl-ropinirole) was the culprit of interference as it shares high structural similarities with 4-HO-MET. The chemical similarities eluded various rigorous regulatory guidelines for compound identification utilizing computer-aided spectral library matching. After careful scrutiny of the mass spectra and comparison with a reference specimen, the compound was correctly identified. Our findings emphasize the important synergy between scientists and pathologists in considering the clinical context, especially drug history, in clinical and forensic toxicology analysis on biological specimens. Mass spectra should be reviewed for relative ion ratios in case of doubt. Understanding drug metabolism is essential for troubleshooting and result interpretation.
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Orieux A, Brunier J, Rigothier C, Pinson B, Dabernat S, Bats ML. Plasma creatinine below limit of quantification in a patient with acute kidney injury. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 524:101-105. [PMID: 34883091 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an infrequent complication of inflammatory bowel disease and can be exceptionally linked to interstitial nephritis secondary to anti-inflammatory drugs, such as Pentasa® (5-ASA). CASE PRESENTATION We present an case of an 80-year-old man who presented chronic diarrheas treated by Pentasa®. He developed AKI, evidenced by high plasma creatinine dosed in his local laboratory. At the hospital admission, plasma creatinine was exceptionally undetectable by the enzymatic method while Jaffe's method successfully determined it. Creatinine measurement by the enzymatic method was gradually restored during hospital stay, concomitant with the discontinuation of 5-ASA administration, suggesting that this drug could interfere with creatinine enzymatic assay. Creatinine enzymatic assays combine serial reactions. The last one called Trinder reaction, catalyzed by a peroxidase, uses H2O2 to convert uncolored dye in a colored compound, proportionally to creatinine concentration. We showed that AKI related-plasma accumulation of 5-ASA, could participate in the negative interference observed on creatinine measurement, by scavenging H2O2. Interestingly, all Trinder reaction-based measurements (uric acid, lipase, lactate, triglycerides and cholesterol) were affected. Negative interference of 5-ASA was confirmed by interferogram experiments on all Trinder reaction-dependent assays. CONCLUSION All Trinder-dependent parameters should be interpreted with the patient's treatment knowledge, in particular salicylate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Orieux
- Department of Nephrology-Transplantation-Dialysis-Apheresis, Bordeaux University Hospital, Place Amélie Raba Léon 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Julien Brunier
- Department of Biochemistry, Bordeaux University Hospital, Place Amélie Raba Léon 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Claire Rigothier
- Department of Nephrology-Transplantation-Dialysis-Apheresis, Bordeaux University Hospital, Place Amélie Raba Léon 33076 Bordeaux France; University of Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 3300 Bordeaux France
| | - Benoit Pinson
- Service Analyses Metaboliques, TBMcore CNRS UMS 3427, Inserm US005, University of Bordeaux, IBGC 1 rue C. Saint Saëns F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Dabernat
- Department of Biochemistry, Bordeaux University Hospital, Place Amélie Raba Léon 33076 Bordeaux France; University of Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 3300 Bordeaux France
| | - Marie-Lise Bats
- Department of Biochemistry, Bordeaux University Hospital, Place Amélie Raba Léon 33076 Bordeaux France; University of Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 3300 Bordeaux France.
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Cao Y, Branzell I, Vink M. Determination of clinically acceptable cut-offs for hemolysis index: An application of bootstrap method using real-world data. Clin Biochem 2021; 94:74-79. [PMID: 33915140 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of hemolysis on laboratory results under local conditions and to verify the hemolysis index cut-off for potassium using real-world data. METHODS The statistical bootstrapping method was performed on 54,125 samples collected at the University Hospital of Örebro (USÖ). The results were compared to a method based on stratification of samples according to hemolysis level, and on paired difference testing. RESULTS Setting the acceptable allowable limit of error to 10%, the three assessed strategies yielded comparable results with respect to the impact of haemolytic interference on test results for potassium. The suggested cut-offs were 111 mg Hb/dL for the bootstrapping method, between 125-150 mg Hb/dL for the method based on stratification, and around 150 mg/dL for the paired difference testing strategy. The impact of hemolysis on potassium measurement is likely different between primary care patients and inpatients. CONCLUSIONS Using the effect of hemolysis on potassium measurement as a model, a novel approach towards finding clinically acceptable limits for analytical interference is presented, that relies on the bootstrapping method and on actual patient data from routine laboratory operation, hence incorporating local population characteristics, equipment and instrumental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70182, Sweden.
| | - Ida Branzell
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, 70185 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Martin Vink
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, 70185 Örebro, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden.
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Dang S, Tsui AK, Herndon R, Babiak C, Szkotak A, Füzéry AK, Raizman JE. Hydroxocobalamin interference in routine laboratory tests: Development of a protocol for identifying samples and reporting results from patients treated with Cyanokit TM. Clin Biochem 2021; 91:31-38. [PMID: 33444605 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hydroxocobalamin (OHCob) is an antidote for cyanide poisoning in patients rescued from house fires and is known to cause interference with certain laboratory tests. Consensus is lacking on the extent of this interference and on how to handle these samples. The objectives of this study were to characterize OHCob interference across a wide range of laboratory tests and to develop protocols for identifying and reporting these samples. DESIGNS & METHODS Patient plasma samples (n = 5) were spiked with OHCob (1.5 mg/mL) and compared to controls without this drug. A series of analytes were measured using chemistry, urinalysis, coagulation, hematology, and blood gas instruments. Dose-response testing was performed on a subset of assays that showed interferences ≥10%. RESULTS Of the 77 analytes evaluated, 27 (35%) showed interference from OHCob, with chemistry and coagulation analytes showing the greatest effects. Of those affected, 22 analytes had a positive interference, whereas 5 analytes had negative interference. Dose-response studies showed dose-dependent increases and/or decreases consistent with initial spiking studies. Although red in colour, plasma samples with OHCob did not trigger hemolysis index flags, necessitating a special sample identification and reporting protocol. CONCLUSION OHCob had significant effects on several analytes across different instruments. These findings led to the development of special sample handling and reporting protocols to identify OHCob samples and ensure only accurate results are released. It is vital for emergency departments to document and notify their laboratories whenever blood samples from these patients are drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Dang
- Medical Laboratory Science Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Precision Laboratories, North Sector, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Albert K Tsui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Precision Laboratories, North Sector, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Herndon
- Misericordia Community Hospital, Laboratory Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cheryl Babiak
- Misericordia Community Hospital, Respiratory Therapy Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Artur Szkotak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Precision Laboratories, North Sector, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anna K Füzéry
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Precision Laboratories, North Sector, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joshua E Raizman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Precision Laboratories, North Sector, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Lefèvre CR, Peltier L, Damaj L, Valaize J, Bendavid C, Moreau C. Immunoassay Disruption by High-Dose Biotin Therapy: Fair Warning for Neonatal Care Physicians. Pediatr Neurol 2020; 112:8-9. [PMID: 32823140 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Lefèvre
- Laboratoire de Biochimie - Toxicologie, Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Lucas Peltier
- Laboratoire de Biochimie - Toxicologie, Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Léna Damaj
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Sud, CHU Rennes Boulevard de Bulgarie, Rennes, France
| | - Jessica Valaize
- Laboratoire de Biochimie - Toxicologie, Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Claude Bendavid
- Laboratoire de Biochimie - Toxicologie, Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, NUMECAN (UMR 1241), Rennes, France
| | - Caroline Moreau
- Laboratoire de Biochimie - Toxicologie, Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France.
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Kamboj M, Bejjanki H, Gopal S, Ruchi R. Erroneously High Lactate: A Guide to Diagnosing Ethylene Glycol Poisoning. Biomed Hub 2019; 4:1-3. [PMID: 31993420 PMCID: PMC6985880 DOI: 10.1159/000499967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A high lactic acid level in critically ill patients is a marker of poor prognosis. However, lactic acidosis in ethylene glycol (EG) poisoning should be interpreted cautiously as analytical interference is observed with EG metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayanka Kamboj
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Harini Bejjanki
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Saraswathi Gopal
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rupam Ruchi
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Abstract
Endocrinologists may encounter abnormal results in routine laboratory tests while caring for patients with inborn errors of metabolism. This article provides a framework for understanding these abnormalities as: a) part of the pathophysiology of the exceptional disease, b) exceptional laboratory errors related to the exceptional disease, or c) routine laboratory errors to which any patient sample is susceptible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Mattman
- Adult Metabolic Diseases Clinic, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Murray Potter
- McMaster Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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13
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Merel S, Snyder SA. Critical assessment of the ubiquitous occurrence and fate of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide in water. Environ Int 2016; 96:98-117. [PMID: 27639850 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The insect repellent diethyltoluamide (DEET) is among the most frequently detected organic chemical contaminants in water across a wide range of geographies from around the world. These observations are raising critical questions and increasing concerns regarding potential environmental relevance, particularly when the emergence of severe neurological conditions attributed to the Zika virus has increased the use of insect repellents. After dermal application, DEET is washed from the skin when bathing and enters the municipal sewer system before discharge into the environment. Mainly measured by gas chromatography or liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS or LC-MS), more than 200 peer-reviewed publications have already reported concentrations of DEET ranging ng/L to mg/L in several water matrices from North America, Europe, Asia, Oceania, and more recently Africa and South America. While conventional wastewater treatment technology has limited capacity of removal, advanced technologies are capable of better attenuation and could lower the environmental discharge of organic contaminants, including DEET. For instance, adsorption on activated carbon, desalinating membrane processes (nanofiltration and reverse osmosis), ozonation, and advanced oxidation processes can achieve 50% to essentially 100% DEET attenuation. Despite the abundant literature on the topic, the ubiquity of DEET in the environment still raises questions due to the apparent lack of obvious spatio-temporal trends in concentrations measured in surface water, which does not fit the expected usage pattern of insect repellents. Moreover, two recent studies showed discrepancies between the concentrations obtained by GC-MS and LC-MS analyses. While the occurrence of DEET in the environment is well established, the concentrations reported should be interpreted cautiously, considering the disparities in methodologies applied and occurrence patterns observed. Therefore, this manuscript provides a critical overview of the origin of DEET in the environment, the relevant analytical methods, the occurrence reported in peer-reviewed literature, and the attenuation efficacy of water treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Merel
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 James E. Rogers Way, Tucson 85721, AZ, USA; Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 12 Hölderlinstraße, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Shane A Snyder
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 James E. Rogers Way, Tucson 85721, AZ, USA.
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Belaidi N, Georges A, Lacroix I, Croisonnier A, Ducros V, Souberbielle JC, Corcuff JB. Hypercalcemia and elevated concentration of vitamin D: A case report too easy to be true. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 457:123-4. [PMID: 27095608 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous (heterophile, human anti-animal …) antibodies are a known cause of interference in immunoassays. CASE REPORT A patient with hypercalcemia and low PTH levels was investigated. The serum 25OH vitamin D (25OHD) concentration was above the analytical range of the automated analyser (>150ng/mL) but serum dilutions were not linear. A myeloma-related monoclonal peak of immunoglobulin G (30g/L) was found. RESULTS Alternative 25OHD assays (RIA, automated analysers, mass spectrometry) all found concentrations <25ng/mL. NabTM columns (Thermo Scientific) eliminated the endogenous immunoglobulin from the serum thus allowing the initial analyser to provide correct results. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The potentially misleading point was that the apparent very high 25OHD levels were concomitant with hypercalcemia and low PTH levels thus mimicking vitamin D intoxication. Identifying assay interferences requires clinical awareness but, when suspected, one should be aware that technical tools or alternate assays are available to correct some interferences, including monoclonal immunoglobulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassima Belaidi
- Laboratoire d'hormonologie, CHU de Bordeaux, 33604 Pessac, France
| | - Agnès Georges
- Laboratoire d'hormonologie, CHU de Bordeaux, 33604 Pessac, France; Groupe de Biologie Spécialisé, Société Française de Médecine Nucléaire, 75270 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Lacroix
- Groupe de Biologie Spécialisé, Société Française de Médecine Nucléaire, 75270 Paris, France; Laboratoire Cerba, 95310 Saint-Ouen, l'Aumône, France
| | - Anne Croisonnier
- Laboratoire, Groupe Hospitalier Mutualiste, Clinique des Eaux Claires, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Véronique Ducros
- Département de biochimie, toxicologie et pharmacologie, CHU de Grenoble, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jean-Benoît Corcuff
- Laboratoire d'hormonologie, CHU de Bordeaux, 33604 Pessac, France; Groupe de Biologie Spécialisé, Société Française de Médecine Nucléaire, 75270 Paris, France; Laboratoire Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée, UMR 1286, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
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Iglesias P, Grande C, Cano AG, Maurí M. Anti-insulin antibodies interference in the Siemens Immulite chemiluminescent insulin immuno-assay. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 425:186-7. [PMID: 23954769 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Iglesias
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
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