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Bi J, Zhang H. Nomogram predicts risk and prognostic factors for lung metastasis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective study in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Transl Cancer Res 2023; 12:3547-3564. [PMID: 38192974 PMCID: PMC10774033 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Lung metastasis (LM) is a frequent occurrence in patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and is often associated with a poor prognosis. However, there is currently a lack of specific research focusing on the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of LM in ATC patients using nomograms. Consequently, the establishment of effective predictive models holds significant importance in providing guidance for clinical practice. Methods We screened patients from Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database between 2000 and 2018. To identify independent risk factors for LM in patients with ATC, we conducted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. We also conducted univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to identify independent prognostic factors for ATC patients with LM. Based on these analyses, we developed two novel nomograms. The performance of the nomograms was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results A cohort of 540 ATC patients was enrolled in the study, among whom 181 patients (33.5%) were identified with LM at the time of initial diagnosis. The independent risk factors for LM in patients with ATC included tumor size, extent of surgery, lateral cervical lymph node metastasis, and radiotherapy. Furthermore, tumor size, extent of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were identified as independent factors influencing the prognosis of ATC patients with LM. The accuracy of the two nomograms in predicting the occurrence and prognosis of LM in ATC patients was confirmed through the analysis of ROC curves, calibration, DCA curves, and Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curves on both the training and validation sets. Conclusions The two nomograms are highly accurate in predicting LM in patients with ATC and in forecasting patient outcomes for patients with lung metastases. Consequently, they offer valuable support for personalized clinical decision-making in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhe Bi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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2
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Jacob J, Vordermark D, Lorenz K, Medenwald D. Prognostic factors in radiotherapy of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a single center study over 31 years. Radiat Oncol 2023; 18:71. [PMID: 37076888 PMCID: PMC10114488 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-023-02249-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma has a very poor prognosis. We analyzed the effect of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy on survival time and side effects in patients with ATC. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed all patients (n = 63) with histologically confirmed ATC who presented at our clinic between 1989 and 2020. We analyzed the survival with Kaplan-Meier curves and cox proportional hazard models and acute toxicities with logistic regression models. RESULTS Out of 63 patients, 62 received radiotherapy, 74% underwent surgery and 24% received combined chemotherapy. A median radiation dose of 49 Gy (range 4-66 Gy) was applied. In 32% of the cases opposing-field technique was used, in 18% 3D-conformal, in 27% a combination of opposing field and 3D-conformal technique and 21% obtained IMRT (intensity modulated radiotherapy) or VMAT (volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy). Median overall survival (OS) was 6 months. We identified five predictive factors relevant for survival: absence of distant metastases at the time of diagnosis (OS 8 months), surgery (OS 9.8 months), resection status R0 (OS 14 months), radiation dose of 50 Gy or higher (OS 13 months) and multimodal therapy (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) with a median OS of 9.7 months. CONCLUSION In spite of the dismal outcome, longer survival can be achieved in some patients with ATC using surgery and radiotherapy with a high radiation dose. Compared to our previous study, there are no significant advantages in overall survival. Trial registration Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jacob
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Kerstin Lorenz
- Department of Visceral-, Vascular, and Endocrine Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Daniel Medenwald
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany.
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3
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Abutorabi ES, Poursheikhani A, Kashani B, Shamsaiegahkani S, Haghpanah V, Bashash D, Mousavi SA, Momeny M, Ghaffari SH. The effects of Abemaciclib on cell cycle and apoptosis regulation in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4073-4082. [PMID: 36877344 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an aggressive subtype of thyroid cancer, accounting for 1 to 2% of all cases. Deregulations of cell cycle regulatory genes including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and endogenous inhibitors of CDKs (CKIs) are hallmarks of cancer cells and hence, studies indicate the inhibition of CDK4/6 kinases and cell cycle progression as potent therapeutic strategies. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor activity of Abemaciclib, a CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitor, in ATC cell lines. METHODS AND RESULTS The ATC cell lines C643 and SW1736 were selected to study the antiproliferative effects of Abemaciclib using a cell proliferation assay and crystal violet staining assay. Annexin V/PI staining and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry were also performed to examine the effects on apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. Wound healing assay and zymography analysis examined the effects of the drug on invasive abilities of ATC cells and Western blot analyses were applied to further study the anti-tumor mechanism of Abemaciclib, in addition to combination treatment with alpelisib. Our data demonstrated that Abemaciclib significantly inhibited cell proliferation and increased cellular apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in ATC cell lines, while considerably reducing cell migration and colony formation. The mechanism seemed to involve the PI3K pathway. CONCLUSION Our preclinical data highlight CDK4/6 as interesting therapeutic targets in ATC and suggest CDK4/6-blockade therapies as promising strategies in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh S Abutorabi
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Poursheikhani
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahareh Kashani
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Shamsaiegahkani
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Haghpanah
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seied A Mousavi
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Momeny
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Du L, Zhao Q, Li J, Wang M, Qiao H. Expression of colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and its effect on cancer cell proliferation. Ann Transl Med 2022; 10:473. [PMID: 35571426 PMCID: PMC9096416 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background The incidence of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is high among human cancers. Colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) is highly expressed in common tumors, and is therefore a potential molecular target for anti-tumor therapy. However, the function of CRNDE in ATC remains elusive. Methods The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to screen the differential expression of long-noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in ATC tissues. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to analyze the expression of CRNDE in thyroid cancer (THCA) tissues and its impact on patient prognosis. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression level of CRNDE in tumor and control tissues. The biological function of CRNDE in THCA was explored using TCGA RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data analysis. ATC cell lines with low and high CRNDE expression were selected for CRNDE siRNA transfection, and the proliferation of cells was detected in each group. Results The GEO and TCGA databases analysis results showed that CRNDE was highly expressed in ATC tissues, which is related to the poor prognosis of THCA patients. Also, the expression of CRNDE in the ATC cell line, ARO (human thyroid cancer cell line), was relatively high, while the expression in sw579 is relatively low. Therefore, ARO and sw579 were chosen for CRNDE small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. Compared with negative control (si-NC), the expression of CRNDE in si-CRNDE-1, si-CRNDE-2, and si-CRNDE-3 was reduced, indicating that the inhibitory effect was significantly enhanced and the cell proliferation ability was reduced, and the cell cycle is arrested in the G0/G1 phase. Finally, it was found that the wnt3a, β-catenin, and cyclinD1 protein expressions of si-CRNDE-1 and si-CRNDE-2 were significantly reduced. Conclusions The high expression of CRNDE in ATC tissues may promote the proliferation of ATC cells by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CRNDE may be a potential molecular target for the treatment of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingsong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingli Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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5
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Wang M, Wang C, Feng C, Guo W, Chen H, Liu B, Li E, Liu W, Taouil A, Ojima I, Hou P. Potent antitumor activity of novel taxoids in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2022; 75:465-477. [PMID: 34591230 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is the most aggressive form of thyroid cancers and it is rapidly fatal without any effective therapeutic regimens. There are some clinical trials showing that paclitaxel-based chemotherapy for ATC can achieve a relatively high response rate and low incidence of adverse reaction. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential therapeutic activity of novel taxoids in ATC cells. METHODS We evaluated antitumor activity of five novel 3'-difluorovinyltaxoids (DFV-taxoids) in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells by a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Besides, we also explored the potential mechanism underlying the difference among the taxoids and paclitaxel by molecular docking and tubulin polymerization assays. RESULTS Our data showed that these novel DFV-taxoids were more effective than paclitaxel in ATC cell lines and xenografts, as reflected by the inhibition of cell proliferation, colony formation and tumorigenic potential in nude mice, and the induction of G2/M phase arrest and cell apoptosis. Using tubulin polymerization assays and molecular docking analysis, we found that these DFV-taxoids promoted more rapid polymerization of β-tubulin than paclitaxel. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that these novel taxoids exhibit stronger antitumor activity in ATC cells than paclitaxel, thereby providing a promising therapeutic strategy for the patients with ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Changwei Wang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanrong Guo
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Liu
- BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Enxiao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Ultrasound Diagnosis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068, Xi'an, China
| | - Adam Taouil
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Iwao Ojima
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA.
| | - Peng Hou
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, China.
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Chien CC, Wu MS, Chou SW, Jargalsaikhan G, Chen YC. Roles of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, and p53 in evodiamine-induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest of human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. Chin Med 2021; 16:134. [PMID: 34886886 PMCID: PMC8656090 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies have shown that evodiamine (EVO) as paclitaxel and nocodazole could trigger apoptosis in various human cancer cells including human renal cell carcinoma cells, colorectal carcinoma cells, and glioblastoma cells. This study aims to investigate the anti-cancer effects of EVO on human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cells, and underlining mechanism. METHODS Two different endogenous p53 status human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cells including SW1736 (wtp53) and KAT4B (mutp53) were applied in the present study. The cytotoxicity of EVO on ATC cells was measured by MTT assay, and apoptosis and G2/M arrest were detected by propidium iodide (PI) staining followed by flow cytometry. Expression of indicated proteins was evaluated by Western blotting analysis, and pharmacological studies using chemical inhibitors and siRNA were performed for elucidating underlying mechanism. The roles of mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species were investigated by flow cytometry using DiOC6 and DCFH-DA dye, respectively. RESULTS SW1736 (wtp53) cells showed a higher apoptotic percentage than KAT4B (mutp53) cells in response to EVO stimulation via a flow cytometric analysis. Mechanistic studies showed that increased p53 and its downstream proteins, and disrupted MMP with increased intracellular peroxide production participated in EVO-induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest of SW1736 cells. In EVO-treated KAT4B cells, significant increases in G2/M percentage but little apoptotic events by EVO was observed. Structure-activity analysis showed that an alkyl group at position 14 was critical for induction of apoptosis related to ROS production and MMP disruption in SW1736 cells. CONCLUSION Evidence indicated that the endogenous p53 status affected the sensitivity of ATC cells to EVO-induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest, revealing the potential role of p53 related to increased ROS production and disrupted MMP in the anticancer actions of EVO, and alkylation at position 14 of EVO is a critical substitution for apoptosis of ATC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chiang Chien
- Department of Nephrology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Food Nutrition, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shun Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ganbolor Jargalsaikhan
- International MS/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan.,Liver Center, 14230, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Yen-Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan. .,International MS/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Cancer Research Center and Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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7
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Ferrari SM, Elia G, Ragusa F, Ruffilli I, La Motta C, Paparo SR, Patrizio A, Vita R, Benvenga S, Materazzi G, Fallahi P, Antonelli A. Novel treatments for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Gland Surg 2020; 9:S28-S42. [PMID: 32055496 DOI: 10.21037/gs.2019.10.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the deadliest human cancers and it is less than 2% of thyroid carcinomas (TCs). The standard treatment of ATC includes surgical debulking, accelerated hyperfractionated external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), and chemotherapy, in particular with cisplatin or doxorubicin, achieving about 10 months of median survival. Since ATC is a rare and aggressive tumor, it is still challenging to predict the patient clinical therapy responsiveness. Several genetic mutations have been described in ATC, involved in different molecular pathways linked to tumor progression, and novel therapies acting on these molecular pathways have been investigated, to improve the quality of life in these patients. Here we review the new targeted therapy of ATC. We report interesting results obtained with molecules targeting different pathways: angiogenesis (vandetanib, combretastatin, sorafenib, lenvatinib, sunitinib, CLM94, CLM3, etc.); EGFR (gefitinib, docetaxel); BRAF (dabrafenib/trametinib, vemurafenib); PPARγ agonists (rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, efatutazone); PD-1 and PD-L1 (pembrolizumab); TERT. To escape resistance to monotherapies, the evaluation of combination strategies with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or targeted drugs is ongoing. The results of clinical trials with dabrafenib and trametinib led to the approval from FDA of this combination for patients with BRAF V600E mutated ATC with locally advanced, unresectable, or metastatic ATC. The anti-PD-L1 antibody immunotherapy, alone or combined with a BRAF inhibitor, has been shown also promising in the treatment of ATC. Furthermore, to increase the therapeutic success and not to use ineffective or even harmful treatments, a real tailored therapy should be pursued, and this can be achieved thanks to the new available genomic analysis methods and to the possibility to test in vitro novel treatments directly in primary cells from each ATC patient. Exploring new treatment strategies is mandatory to improve the survival of these patients, guaranteeing a good quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Vita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Interdepartmental Program on Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology, and Women's Endocrine Health, University hospital, A.O.U. Policlinico Gaetano Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Materazzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Aghajani MJ, Cooper A, McGuire H, Jeffries T, Saab J, Ismail K, de Souza P, Bray V, Fazekas de St Groth B, Niles N, Roberts TL. Pembrolizumab for anaplastic thyroid cancer: a case study. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1921-34. [PMID: 31637475 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway with targeted monoclonal antibodies has demonstrated encouraging anti-tumour activity in multiple cancer types. We present the case of a patient with BRAF-negative stage IVC anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) treated with the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, pembrolizumab, following radiographic progression on chemoradiation. Blood samples were collected prior to and at four time points during treatment with pembrolizumab. Mass cytometry was used to determine expression of relevant biomarkers by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Faecal samples were collected at baseline and 4 weeks following treatment initiation; taxonomic profiling using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing was performed. Following treatment, a marked expansion in CD20+ B cell, CD16+ CD56lo NK cell and CD45RO+ CCR7+ central memory CD4+ T-cell populations was observed in the peripheral blood. Proportions of cells expressing the co-receptors TIGIT, OX40 and CD86 also increased during treatment. A high abundance of bacteria of the order Bacteroidales, specifically from the Bacteroidaceae and Rikenellaceae families, was identified in the faecal microbiota. Moreover, the patient's microbiome was enriched in Clostridiales order members Ruminococcaceae, Veillonellaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Alpha diversity of the gut microbiome was significantly higher following initiation of checkpoint therapy as assessed by the Shannon and Simpson index. Our results suggest that treatment with pembrolizumab promotes expansion of T-, B- and NK cell populations in the peripheral blood at the time of tumour regression and have the potential to be implemented as predictive biomarkers in the context of checkpoint blockade therapy. Larger studies to confirm these findings are warranted.
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9
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Chen J, Zhao D, Meng Q. Knockdown of HCP5 exerts tumor-suppressive functions by up-regulating tumor suppressor miR-128-3p in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 116:108966. [PMID: 31102936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare type of thyroid cancer with a high mortality rate. HLA complex P5 (HCP5), a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), has been shown to be implicated in several types of cancer, such as follicular thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the main type of thyroid cancer. However, the role of HCP5 in ATC remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of HCP5 in ATC and its potential roles. The expression levels of HCP5 and microRNA (miR)-128-3p were tested using qRT-PCR. MTT assay was performed to detect cell viability. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by detecting apoptotic rate and caspase-3/7 activity. Luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were carried out to confirm the association between HCP5 and miR-128-3p. Compared with human thyroid follicular cell line Nthy-ori 3-1 cells, HCP5 expression level was significantly increased in ATC cell lines. Besides, HCP5 expression level was increased in ATC tissues when compared with adjacent normal tissues. Knockdown of HCP5 reduced cell viability, while elevated apoptotic rate and caspase-3/7 activity in ARO and SW1736 cells. MiR-128-3p was predicted to be a target gene of HCP5. The expression level of miR-128-3p was significantly decreased in ATC cells and tissues, as compared to Nthy-ori 3-1 cells and adjacent normal tissues, respectively. MiR-128-3p overexpression reduced ATC cell viability, and induced cell apoptosis. HCP5 directly bound to miR-128-3p and regulated the expression of miR-128-3p in ARO and SW1736 cells. Furthermore, the effects of HCP5 knockdown on ATC cell viability and apoptosis were attenuated by the inhibitor of miR-128-3p. These findings suggested that knockdown of HCP5 exerted anti-tumor effect via sponging miR-128-3p in ATC, which might provide a potential approach for the treatment of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze 274300, China
| | - Dongjing Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze 274300, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 89 Guhuai Road, Jining 272000, China.
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10
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Zhang K, Li C, Liu J, Li Z, Ma C. Down-Regulation of APTR and it's Diagnostic Value in Papillary and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 26:559-565. [PMID: 30539519 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0561-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
APTR has been employed as a potential biomarker attributing to it was involved in carcinogenesis and malignancy's progression. However, the roles of APTR in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) are unclear. In the present study, we aimed to explore the relative expression of APTR in PTC and ATC tissues and the relation between APTR expression and PTC clinicopathological features. We analyzed APTR expression in PTC and ATC by investigating data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then, we tested 76-pair PTC and adjacent normal samples by qRT-PCR, and the result was in accordance with the analysis in GEO datasets. Chi-square (χ2) analysis was employed to evaluate the association between APTR and PTC clinical features. These results showed that APTR was negatively related to TNM stages, distant metastasis. In addition, we further evaluated the feasibility of using APTR to detect PTC and ATC patients by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and the area under curve (AUC). These findings implied that down-regulation of APTR is correlated with tumorigenesis, also indicated that the potential diagnostic value of APTR for detecting PTC and ATC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University and Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Cuilin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, ZhuZhou Central Hospital, ZhuZhou, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiu Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University and Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University and Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Tongbai Road #195, Zhengzhou, 450007, Henan, China.
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Jiang K, Song C, Kong L, Hu L, Lin G, Ye T, Yao G, Wang Y, Chen H, Cheng W, Barr MP, Liu Q, Zhang G, Ding C, Meng S. Recombinant oncolytic Newcastle disease virus displays antitumor activities in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:746. [PMID: 30021550 PMCID: PMC6052588 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive of all solid tumors for which no effective therapies are currently available. Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has shown the potential to induce oncolytic cell death in a variety of cancer cells of diverse origins. However, whether oncolytic NDV displays antitumor effects in ATC remains to be investigated. We have previously shown that the oncolytic NDV strain FMW (NDV/FMW) induces oncolytic cell death in several cancer types. In the present study, we investigated the oncolytic effects of NDV/FMW in ATC. Methods In this study, a recombinant NDV expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) was generated using an NDV reverse genetics system. The resulting virus was named after rFMW/GFP and the GFP expression in infected cells was demonstrated by direct fluorescence and immunoblotting. Viral replication was evaluated by end-point dilution assay in DF-1 cell lines. Oncolytic effects were examined by biochemical and morphological experiments in cultural ATC cells and in mouse models. Results rFMW/GFP replicated robustly in ATC cells as did its parent virus (NDV/FMW) while the expression of GFP protein was detected in lungs and spleen of mice intravenously injected with rFMW/GFP. We further showed that rFMW/GFP infection substantially increased early and late apoptosis in the ATC cell lines, THJ-16 T and THJ-29 T and increased caspase-3 processing and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in ATC cells as assessed by immunoblotting. In addition, rFMW/GFP induced lyses of spheroids derived from ATC cells in three-dimensional (3D) cultures. We further demonstrated that rFMW/GFP infection resulted in the activation of p38 MAPK signaling, but not Erk1/2 or JNK, in THJ-16 T and THJ-29 T cells. Notably, inhibition of p38 MAPK activity by SB203580 decreased rFMW/GFP-induced cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP in THJ-16 T and THJ-29 T cells. Finally, both rFMW/GFP and its parent virus inhibited tumor growth in mice bearing THJ-16 T derived tumors. Conclusion Taken together, these data indicate that both the recombinant reporter virus rFMW/GFP and its parent virus NDV/FMW, display oncolytic activities in ATC cells in vitro and in vivo and suggest that oncolytic NDV may have potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for ATC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4522-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jiang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Room 415, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lingkai Kong
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Room 415, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lulu Hu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Room 415, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Guibin Lin
- Laboratory Center, The Third People's Hospital of Huizhou, Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, 516002, China
| | - Tian Ye
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Room 415, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Gang Yao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Room 415, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology of First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Haibo Chen
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Room 415, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Room 415, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Martin P Barr
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Quentin Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Room 415, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Central laboratory, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, 110042, China.
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Songshu Meng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Room 415, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, China.
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Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a deadly disease with a dismal prognosis. Molecular analyses of ATC tumors have yielded interesting results, which could help in understanding the underlying mechanisms of this aggressive disease process. Managing ATC can be challenging and includes rapid diagnosis, adequate staging, and interdisciplinary, multimodal treatments to optimize patient outcome. Treatments include surgical resection to gross negative margins when possible, as well as neo- or adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy or external beam radiation (XRT) for locoregional disease. New treatment strategies include evaluating the benefits of vascular disrupting agents and tyrosine kinase inhibitors for advanced ATC with driver mutations, which can be targeted. This review summarizes key concepts in managing ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier M Keutgen
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, Maryland, USA
| | - Samira M Sadowski
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, Maryland, USA
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, Maryland, USA
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