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Hong H, Lv J, Deng A, Tang Y, Liu Z. A review of experimental Assessment Processes of material resistance to marine and freshwater biofouling. J Environ Manage 2024; 357:120766. [PMID: 38565032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Biofouling presents hazards to a variety of freshwater and marine underwater infrastructures and is one of the direct causes of species invasion. These negative impacts provide a unified goal for both industry practitioners and researchers: the development of novel antifouling materials to prevent the adhesion of biofouling. The prohibition of tributyltin (TBT) by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 2001 propelled the research and development of new antifouling materials. However, the evaluation process and framework for these materials remain incomplete and unsystematic. This mini-review starts with the classification and principles of new antifouling materials, discussing and summarizing the methods for assessing their biofouling resistance. The paper also compiles the relevant regulations and environmental requirements from different countries necessary for developing new antifouling materials with commercial potential. It concludes by highlighting the current challenges in antifouling material development and future outlooks. Systematic evaluation of newly developed antifouling materials can lead to the emergence of more genuinely applicable solutions, transitioning from merely laboratory products to materials that can be effectively used in real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heting Hong
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; Wuhan Regional Climate Center, Hubei Meteorological Bureau, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Jiawen Lv
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Aijuan Deng
- Wuhan Regional Climate Center, Hubei Meteorological Bureau, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Wuhan Regional Climate Center, Hubei Meteorological Bureau, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Wuhan Regional Climate Center, Hubei Meteorological Bureau, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Wu J, Zhao C, Hu R, Lin W, Wang Q, Zhao J, Bilinovich SM, Leeper TC, Li L, Cheung HM, Chen S, Zheng J. Probing the weak interaction of proteins with neutral and zwitterionic antifouling polymers. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:751-60. [PMID: 24120846 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein-polymer interactions are of great interest in a wide range of scientific and technological applications. Neutral poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (pSBMA) are two well-known nonfouling materials that exhibit strong surface resistance to proteins. However, it still remains unclear or unexplored how PEG and pSBMA interact with proteins in solution. In this work, we examine the interactions between two model proteins (bovine serum albumin and lysozyme) and two typical antifouling polymers of PEG and pSBMA in aqueous solution using fluorescence spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The effect of protein:polymer mass ratios on the interactions is also examined. Collective data clearly demonstrate the existence of weak hydrophobic interactions between PEG and proteins, while there are no detectable interactions between pSBMA and proteins. The elimination of protein interaction with pSBMA could be due to an enhanced surface hydration of zwitterionic groups in pSBMA. New evidence is given to demonstrate the interactions between PEG and proteins, which are often neglected in the literature because the PEG-protein interactions are weak and reversible, as well as the structural change caused by hydrophobic interaction. This work provides a better fundamental understanding of the intrinsic structure-activity relationship of polymers underlying polymer-protein interactions, which are important for designing new biomaterials for biosensor, medical diagnostics and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Rundong Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Weifeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qiuming Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | | | - Thomas C Leeper
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Lingyan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Harry M Cheung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Shengfu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
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