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Jin Y, Gao T, Zhao B, Liu Y, Liu C, Qin M. Modeling spatial trends and exchange fluxes of contaminants in agricultural soil under pollution prevention measures. J Environ Manage 2024; 354:120419. [PMID: 38422570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Modeling the long-term trends of contaminants in topsoil under controlled measures is critical for sustainable agricultural environmental management. Traditional mass balance equations cannot predict spatial variation and exchange flux of regional soil contaminants for it lacks a method of assigning input-output parameters to each simulated cell. To overcome this limitation, we allocate the estimated source contribution flux to the spatial grid cell in the regional chemical mass balance by integrated positive matrix factorization (P-RCMB) with historical trends quantification. Focusing on Cd and As, which are elements with elevated risks of food intake and volatilization/infiltration, the model is applied to 30 ha of agricultural land near the enterprise. Predictions indicate an additional 13.5% of the soil is contaminated, and approximately 2.57 ha may accrue after 100 years at the site, with an uncertainty range of 0.98-5.3 ha. Clean water irrigation (CWI) reduces contamination expansion by approximately 42%, including approximately 4813 g ha-1 yr-1 net As infiltration, playing a dominant role in preventing the formation of severely contaminated soil. Stop straw return, green fertilizers use, and reduced atmospheric deposition control the exchange flux of Cd (114.9 g ha-1 yr-1) in moderate/slight contamination areas. For the different contaminants' cumulative trends in dryland and paddy fields, achieving a net cumulative flux close to zero in marginally contaminated areas presents a viable approach to optimize current emission standards. if trade-off straw removal and additional fertilizer inputs, a straw return rate of approximately 40% in Cd-contaminated soil will yield overall benefits. This model contributes valuable insights and tools for policymaking in contaminated land sustainable utilization and emission standard optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, PR China
| | - Ting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, PR China
| | - Bin Zhao
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yizhang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, PR China
| | - Chengshuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, PR China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Muhan Qin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
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Zanella L, Fattorini L, Brunetti P, Roccotiello E, Cornara L, D'Angeli S, Della Rovere F, Cardarelli M, Barbieri M, Sanità di Toppi L, Degola F, Lindberg S, Altamura MM, Falasca G. Overexpression of AtPCS1 in tobacco increases arsenic and arsenic plus cadmium accumulation and detoxification. Planta 2016; 243:605-22. [PMID: 26563149 PMCID: PMC4757632 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The heterologous expression of AtPCS1 in tobacco plants exposed to arsenic plus cadmium enhances phytochelatin levels, root As/Cd accumulation and pollutants detoxification, but does not prevent root cyto-histological damages. High phytochelatin (PC) levels may be involved in accumulation and detoxification of both cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in numerous plants. Although polluted environments are frequently characterized by As and Cd coexistence, how increased PC levels affect the adaptation of the entire plant and the response of its cells/tissues to a combined contamination by As and Cd needs investigation. Consequently, we analyzed tobacco seedlings overexpressing Arabidopsis phytochelatin synthase1 gene (AtPCS1) exposed to As and/or Cd, to evaluate the levels of PCs and As/Cd, the cyto-histological modifications of the roots and the Cd/As leaf extrusion ability. When exposed to As and/or Cd the plants overexpressing AtPCS1 showed higher PC levels, As plus Cd root accumulation, and detoxification ability than the non-overexpressing plants, but a blocked Cd-extrusion from the leaf trichomes. In all genotypes, As, and Cd in particular, damaged lateral root apices, enhancing cell-vacuolization, causing thinning and stretching of endodermis initial cells. Alterations also occurred in the primary structure region of the lateral roots, i.e., cell wall lignification in the external cortex, cell hypertrophy in the inner cortex, crushing of endodermis and stele, and nuclear hypertrophy. Altogether, As and/or Cd caused damage to the lateral roots (and not to the primary one), with such damage not counteracted by AtPCS1 overexpression. The latter, however, positively affected accumulation and detoxification to both pollutants, highlighting that Cd/As accumulation and detoxification due to PCS1 activity do not reduce the cyto-histological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Zanella
- Department of Environmental Biology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Fattorini
- Department of Environmental Biology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Roccotiello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Polo Botanico Hanbury, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Cornara
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Polo Botanico Hanbury, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simone D'Angeli
- Department of Environmental Biology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maura Cardarelli
- Istituto di Biologia Medicina Molecolare e Nanobiotecnologie Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Barbieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Sylvia Lindberg
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Giuseppina Falasca
- Department of Environmental Biology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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