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Feijó A, Ge D, Wen Z, Cheng J, Xia L, Patterson BD, Yang Q. Mammalian diversification bursts and biotic turnovers are synchronous with Cenozoic geoclimatic events in Asia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2207845119. [PMID: 36442115 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207845119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Asia's rich species diversity has been linked to its Cenozoic geodiversity, including active mountain building and dramatic climatic changes. However, prior studies on the diversification and assembly of Asian faunas have been derived mainly from analyses at taxonomic or geographic scales too limited to offer a comprehensive view of this complex region's biotic evolution. Here, using the class Mammalia, we built historical biogeographic models drawn on phylogenies of 1,543 species occurring across Asia to investigate how and when the mammal diversity in Asian regions and mountain hotspots was assembled. We explore the roles of in situ speciation, colonization, and vicariance and geoclimatic events to explain the buildup of Asia's regional mammal diversity through time. We found that southern Asia has served as the main cradle of Asia's mammal diversity. Present-day species richness in other regions is mainly derived from colonization, but by the Miocene, in situ speciation increased in importance. The high biodiversity present in the mountain hotspots (Himalayas and Hengduan) that flank the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau is a product of high colonization instead of in situ speciation, making them important centers of lineage accumulation. Overall, Neogene was marked by great diversification and migrations across Asia and surrounding continents but Paleogene environments already hosted rich mammal assemblages. Our study revealed that synchronous diversification bursts and biotic turnovers are temporally associated with tectonic events (mountain building, continental collisions) and drastic reorganization of climate (aridification of Asian interior, intensification of Asian monsoons, sea retreat) that took place throughout the Cenozoic in Asia.
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Sun C, Xu X, Zhao T, Yao T, Zhang D, Wang N, Ma Y, Ma W, Chen B, Zhang S, Cai W. Distinct impacts of vapor transport from the tropical oceans on the regional glacier retreat over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Sci Total Environ 2022; 823:153545. [PMID: 35104526 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An influence of precipitation on the glacier changes over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is investigated in this paper. The results show that the glacial loss rates of glaciers in the QTP are significantly correlated with the interannual changes of precipitation and low cloud cover. The water vapor, importing with the warm and wet airflows from the Asian Monsoon regions, significantly influence the precipitation in the southern and northern glacier areas of the QTP in the summer monsoon season. The three-dimensional changes of water vapor transport can lead to the difference of water balance between different glacier areas. Under global warming, the northwest QTP is in the ascending branch of the vertical water driven thermally by the tropical Indian Ocean. The warm water vapor from the tropical ocean climbs to the QTP, forming a significant supply effect of precipitation in the northwestern glacier area, which makes the glacier retreat at a relatively slow rate. Meanwhile, the southern and southeastern QTP regions are in the descending branch of vapor transport with the declining trend in the lower troposphere, which lead to the shortage water supply aggravating the glacier loss in the southern and southeastern QTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Sun
- Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiangde Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Tianliang Zhao
- Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Tandong Yao
- Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dongqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ninglian Wang
- Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yaoming Ma
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weiqiang Ma
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shengjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenyue Cai
- National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
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Kobayashi Y, Yasuoka Y, Omori Y, Nagahama H, Sanada T, Muto J, Suzuki T, Homma Y, Ihara H, Kubota K, Mukai T. Annual variation in the atmospheric radon concentration in Japan. J Environ Radioact 2015; 146:110-118. [PMID: 25973540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Anomalous atmospheric variations in radon related to earthquakes have been observed in hourly exhaust-monitoring data from radioisotope institutes in Japan. The extraction of seismic anomalous radon variations would be greatly aided by understanding the normal pattern of variation in radon concentrations. Using atmospheric daily minimum radon concentration data from five sampling sites, we show that a sinusoidal regression curve can be fitted to the data. In addition, we identify areas where the atmospheric radon variation is significantly affected by the variation in atmospheric turbulence and the onshore-offshore pattern of Asian monsoons. Furthermore, by comparing the sinusoidal regression curve for the normal annual (seasonal) variations at the five sites to the sinusoidal regression curve for a previously published dataset of radon values at the five Japanese prefectures, we can estimate the normal annual variation pattern. By fitting sinusoidal regression curves to the previously published dataset containing sites in all Japanese prefectures, we find that 72% of the Japanese prefectures satisfy the requirements of the sinusoidal regression curve pattern. Using the normal annual variation pattern of atmospheric daily minimum radon concentration data, these prefectures are suitable areas for obtaining anomalous radon variations related to earthquakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kobayashi
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Yumi Yasuoka
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo, 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Yasutaka Omori
- Fukushima Medical University, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nagahama
- Tohoku University, 6-3, Aza Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai City, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sanada
- Hokkaido University of Science, Maeda 7-15-4-1, Teine-ku, Sapporo City, Hokkaido, 006-8585, Japan
| | - Jun Muto
- Tohoku University, 6-3, Aza Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai City, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Suzuki
- Fukushima Medical University, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Homma
- Fukushima Medical University, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hayato Ihara
- Wakayama Medical University, 811-1, Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kubota
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (retired), 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mukai
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo, 658-8558, Japan
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