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Xu B, Jin J, Fang L, Pang M, Xia J, Li B, Liao H. A decadal atmospheric ammonia reanalysis product in China. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169053. [PMID: 38097067 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric ammonia has great environmental implications due to its important role in ecosystem and nitrogen cycle, as well as contribution to formation of secondary particles. China is recognized as a hotspot of NH3 pollution owing to agricultural and livestock intensification. In the quest to achieve a comprehensive understanding of atmospheric ammonia load and to quantify its environmental impacts in China, relying solely either on existing measurements or on model simulations falls short. Their limitations, either in spatial coverage and integrity or in data quality, fails to meet the needs. Available reanalysis products exhibit a marked deficiency in ammonia data. We therefore aim to propose an integrated ammonia reanalysis product in China, adeptly melding satellite observations from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) NH3 retrievals with chemical transport model simulation, capitalizing on the robust Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) data assimilation methodology. The product is validated in high quality via the comparison against independent measurements from ground monitoring stations. Spanning a decade from 2013 to 2022, our reanalysis uncovers not just the spatial intricacies of NH3 concentrations but also their temporal dynamics. Our findings pinpointed the spatial disparities in atmospheric ammonia intensities, highlighting regional hotspots in the NCP, SCB, and Northeast China, and identified annual and seasonal patterns. Our research provides crucial insights for shaping future NH3 pollution prevention and control strategies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bufan Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianbing Jin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Li Fang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mijie Pang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Xia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baojie Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Dong J, Li B, Li Y, Zhou R, Gan C, Zhao Y, Liu R, Yang Y, Wang T, Liao H. Atmospheric ammonia in China: Long-term spatiotemporal variation, urban-rural gradient, and influencing factors. Sci Total Environ 2023; 883:163733. [PMID: 37116808 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, atmospheric ammonia (NH3) concentrations have increased in China. Ammonia control has become one of the next hot topics in air pollution mitigation with the increasing cost of acid gas emission reduction. In this study, using Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite observations, we analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution, the urban-rural gradient of the vertical column densities (VCDs) of NH3 and the contribution of influencing factors (meteorology, social, atmospheric acid gases, and NH3 emissions) in China from 2008 to 2019 using hotspot analysis, circular gradient analysis, geographical and temporal weighted regression, and some other methods. Our results showed that NH3 VCDs in China have significantly increased (31.88 %) from 2008 to 2019, with the highest occurring in North China Plain. The average NH3 VCDs in urban areas were significantly higher than those in rural areas, and the urban-rural gap in NH3 VCDs was widening. The results of circular gradient analysis showed an overall decreasing trend in NH3 VCDs along the urban-rural gradient. We used a geographically and temporally weighted regression model to analyze the contribution of various influencing factors to NH3 VCDs: meteorology (30.13 %), social (27.40 %), atmospheric acid gases (23.20 %), and NH3 emissions (19.28 %) factors. The results showed substantial spatiotemporal differences in the influencing factors. Atmospheric acid gas was the main reason for the increase in NH3 VCDs from 2008 to 2019. A more thorough understanding of the spatiotemporal distribution, urban-rural variations, and factors influencing NH3 in China will aid in developing control strategies to reduce PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Baojie Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Gan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yongqi Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yating Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Teng Wang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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Yu H, Zhang G, Cai Y, Dong F. Altering the substituents of salicylic acid to improve Berthelot reaction for ultrasensitive colorimetric detection of ammonium and atmospheric ammonia. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5695-5702. [PMID: 34331553 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The Berthelot reaction is a classic method for detection of ammonium (NH4+) and atmospheric ammonia (NH3) by using salicylic acid (SA) as the chromogenic substrate. However, there lacks a method for improving the activity of the Berthelot reaction to enhance the analytical performance for detection of NH4+ and NH3. Here, five SA analogues with electron-withdrawing groups (-F) and electron-donating groups (-CH3 and -OCH3) at different positions of the aromatic ring have been chosen as the alternative to SA for Berthelot reaction. Among these analogues, 4-methoxysalicylic acid (4-OCH3-SA) shows the best colorimetric response and color change at a NH4+ concentration of 30 μM, and the sensitivity of 4-OCH3-SA-based colorimetric assay for NH4+ increases 1.75-fold compared with that of SA-based colorimetric method. This enhancement effect is attributed to the strong electron-donating property of 4-OCH3 group, activating the two-step electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction in the Berthelot reaction. Additionally, visual and sensitive detection of NH3 is realized, along with a low limit of detection down to 0.037 ppm. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this assay is reliable and practical for detection of NH4+ and NH3 in real water and air samples with good accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Yu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, People's Republic of China
| | - Guihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, People's Republic of China
| | - Faqin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Dai Z, Zhou Z, Yin H, Zhang M, Zhang H, Liu Y, Li Q, Nan X, Liu X, Meng D. Development of the yeast and lactic acid bacteria co-culture agent for atmospheric ammonia removing: Genomic features and on-site applications. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 218:112287. [PMID: 33933812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Odorous gas (e.g. atmospheric ammonia) in low ventilation public places, such as public toilets and waste transfer stations, causes severe health problems. Many technologies are developed to purify the atmospheric ammonia, among which the microbial agents are supposed to be a green and economical approach. In this study, we developed a yeast, Pichia sp. J1, and a lactic acid bacterium (LAB), Lactobacillus paracasei B1, co-culture agent for atmospheric ammonia removing. The on-site application results indicated the yeast and LAB mixed fermented agent had a maximum ammonia removing efficiency of 98.78%, which is significantly higher than the pure cultures (78.93% for B1 and 75.00% for J1), indicating the co-culture agent is an excellent biological product for ammonia removal. The excellent performance of the agent is closely related to the synergy behaviors between the yeast and LAB. In the co-culture agents, some of the LAB cells adhered closely to the yeast, and the growth and lactic acid producing ability of LAB were significantly promoted by yeast. Genomic analysis indicated the complementary of nutrients, i.e. carbon and nitrogen resources, signal transduction, and adhesion proteins (regulates adhesion behavior) played roles in regulating the synergy effects. Our study offers a novel biological solution of odorous gas purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhimin Dai
- Central South Water Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Changsha 410001, China; National City Water Supply Water Quality Monitoring Network Changsha Monitoring Station, Changsha 410001, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Hunan Tobacco Science Institute, Changsha 410010, China
| | - Huaqun Yin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hetian Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Hunan Tobacco Science Institute, Changsha 410010, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiaolong Nan
- 306 Bridge of Hunan Nuclear Geology, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Delong Meng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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Zhang C, Geng X, Wang H, Zhou L, Wang B. Emission factor for atmospheric ammonia from a typical municipal wastewater treatment plant in South China. Environ Pollut 2017; 220:963-970. [PMID: 27823866 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric ammonia (NH3), a common alkaline gas found in air, plays a significant role in atmospheric chemistry, such as in the formation of secondary particles. However, large uncertainties remain in the estimation of ammonia emissions from nonagricultural sources, such as wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, the ammonia emission factors from a large WWTP utilizing three typical biological treatment techniques to process wastewater in South China were calculated using the US EPA's WATER9 model with three years of raw sewage measurements and information about the facility. The individual emission factors calculated were 0.15 ± 0.03, 0.24 ± 0.05, 0.29 ± 0.06, and 0.25 ± 0.05 g NH3 m-3 sewage for the adsorption-biodegradation activated sludge treatment process, the UNITANK process (an upgrade of the sequencing batch reactor activated sludge treatment process), and two slightly different anaerobic-anoxic-oxic treatment processes, respectively. The overall emission factor of the WWTP was 0.24 ± 0.06 g NH3m-3 sewage. The pH of the wastewater influent is likely an important factor affecting ammonia emissions, because higher emission factors existed at higher pH values. Based on the ammonia emission factor generated in this study, sewage treatment accounted for approximately 4% of the ammonia emissions for the urban area of South China's Pearl River Delta (PRD) in 2006, which is much less than the value of 34% estimated in previous studies. To reduce the large uncertainty in the estimation of ammonia emissions in China, more field measurements are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Zhang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, PR China
| | - Xuesong Geng
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, PR China
| | - Boguang Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, PR China.
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