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Wang C, Zhao R, Fan W, Li L, Feng H, Li Z, Yan C, Shao X, Matyjaszewski K, Wang Z. Tribochemically Controlled Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Enabled by Contact Electrification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309440. [PMID: 37507344 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Traditional mechanochemically controlled reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) utilizes ultrasound or ball milling to regenerate activators, which induce side reactions because of the high-energy and high-frequency stimuli. Here, we propose a facile approach for tribochemically controlled atom transfer radical polymerization (tribo-ATRP) that relies on contact-electro-catalysis (CEC) between titanium oxide (TiO2 ) particles and CuBr2 /tris(2-pyridylmethylamine (TPMA), without any high-energy input. Under the friction induced by stirring, the TiO2 particles are electrified, continuously reducing CuBr2 /TPMA into CuBr/TPMA, thereby conversing alkyl halides into active radicals to start ATRP. In addition, the effect of friction on the reaction was elucidated by theoretical simulation. The results indicated that increasing the frequency could reduce the energy barrier for the electron transfer from TiO2 particles to CuBr2 /TPMA. In this study, the design of tribo-ATRP was successfully achieved, enabling CEC (ca. 10 Hz) access to a variety of polymers with predetermined molecular weights, low dispersity, and high chain-end fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Ruoqing Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wenru Fan
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Lei Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Haoyang Feng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zexuan Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Ci Yan
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xiaoyang Shao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
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Metze FK, Filipucci I, Klok HA. Supramolecular Polymer Brushes Grown by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization from Cucurbit[7]uril-based Non-Covalent Initiators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305930. [PMID: 37395306 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymer brushes are densely grafted, chain end-tethered assemblies of polymers that can be produced via surface-initiated polymerization. Typically, this is accomplished using initiators or chain transfer agents that are covalently attached to the substrate. This manuscript reports an alternative route towards polymer brushes, which involves the use of non-covalent cucurbit[7]uril-adamantane host-guest interactions to surface-immobilize initiators for atom transfer radical polymerization. These non-covalent initiators can be used for the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of a variety of water-soluble methacrylate monomers to generate supramolecular polymer brushes with film thicknesses of more than 100 nm. The non-covalent nature of the initiator also allows facile access to patterned polymer brushes, which can be produced in straightforward fashion by drop-casting a solution of the initiator-modified guest molecules onto a substrate that presents the cucurbit[7]uril host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike K Metze
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Irene Filipucci
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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