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Wang R, Sun Q, Xiao J, Wang C, Li X, Li J, Song Y, Lu H, Liu Y, Zhu S, Liu Z, Zhang Y. Effects of glycine 64 substitutions in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase on ribavirin sensitivity and pathogenicity of coxsackievirus A6. Virus Res 2024; 339:199268. [PMID: 37949376 PMCID: PMC10685073 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by a group of enteroviruses is a global public health problem. In recent years, coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) has emerged as an important HFMD agent. Previous studies have shown that mutations of glycine 64 in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3D polymerase), which is central to viral replication, cause phenotypic changes such as ribavirin resistance, increased replication fidelity, and virulence attenuation in poliovirus and enterovirus A71. In this study, we constructed CVA6 mutants with G64R, G64S, and G64T substitutions by site-directed mutagenesis in full-length cDNA of an infectious CVA6 strain cloned in pcDNA3.1. Viral RNA was obtained by in vitro transcription, and the rescued virus strains were propagated in RD cells. Sequencing after six passages revealed that G64S and G64T mutations were stably inherited, whereas G64R was genetically unstable and reversed to the wild type. Comparison of the biological characteristics of the wild-type and mutant CVA6 strains in an in vivo model (one-day-old ICR mice) revealed that the pathogenicity of CVA6-G64S and CVA6-G64T was significantly reduced compared to wild-type CVA6. In vitro experiments indicated the mutant CVA6-G64S and CVA6-G64T strains had increased resistance to 0.8 mM ribavirin and a decreased replication rate in the presence of 0.8 mM guanidine hydrochloride. Our results show that mutation of residue 64 reduces CVA6 susceptibility to ribavirin and increases CVA6 susceptibility to guanidine hydrochloride, together with increased replication fidelity and attenuated viral pathogenicity, thus laying a foundation for the development of safe and effective live attenuated CVA6 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID). National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China; WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID). National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China; WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jinbo Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID). National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China; WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID). National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China; WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID). National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China; WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China; Department of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jichen Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID). National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China; WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yang Song
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID). National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China; WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Huanhuan Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID). National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China; WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ying Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID). National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China; WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID). National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China; WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID). National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China; WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China.
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Li D, Liu Y, Qi X, Wen Y, Li P, Ma Z, Liu Y, Zheng H, Liu Z. African Swine Fever Virus MGF-110-9L-deficient Mutant Has Attenuated Virulence in Pigs. Virol Sin 2021; 36:187-195. [PMID: 33689140 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of African swine fever (ASF), an often lethal disease in domestic and wild pigs. ASF represents a major threat to the swine industry worldwide. Currently, no commercial vaccine is available because of the complexity of ASFV or biosecurity concerns. Live attenuated viruses that are naturally isolated or genetically manipulated have demonstrated reliable protection against homologous ASFV strain challenge. In the present study, a mutant ASFV strain with the deletion of ASFV MGF-110-9L (ASFV-Δ9L) was generated from a highly virulent ASFV CN/GS/2018 parental strain, a genotype II ASFV. Relative to the parental ASFV isolate, deletion of the MGF-110-9L gene significantly decreased the ability of ASFV-Δ9L to replicate in vitro in primary swine macrophage cell cultures. The majority of animals inoculated intramuscularly with a low dose of ASFV-Δ9L (10 HAD50) remained clinically normal during the 21-day observational period. Three of five ASFV-Δ9L-infected animals displayed low viremia titers and low virus shedding and developed a strong virus-specific antibody response, indicating partial attenuation of the ASFV-Δ9L strain in pigs. The findings imply the potential usefulness of the ASFV-Δ9L strain for further development of ASF control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yinguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Xiaolan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yuan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
| | - Zhijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
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