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Shaker N, Shen R, Limbach AL, Satturwar S, Kobalka P, Ahmadian S, Sun S, Chen W, Lujan G, Esnakula A, Parwani A, Li Z. Automated imaging analysis of Ki-67 immunohistochemistry on whole slide images of cell blocks from pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2024:S2213-2945(24)00005-X. [PMID: 38433072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accurate grading of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) relies on the assessment of Ki-67 immunohistochemistry (IHC). While digital imaging analysis (DIA) has been employed for Ki-67 IHC assessment in surgical specimens, its applicability to cytologic specimens remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate an automated DIA for assessing Ki-67 IHC on PanNET cell blocks. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 61 consecutive PanNETs and 5 pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas. Ki-67 IHC slides from cell blocks were digitally scanned into whole slide images using Philips IntelliSite Scanners and analyzed in batches using the Visiopharm Ki-67 App in a digital workflow. Ki-67 scores obtained through DIA were compared to pathologists' manual scores. RESULTS The Pearson correlation coefficient of the percentage of Ki-67-stained nuclei between DIA reads and the originally reported reads was 0.9681. Concordance between DIA Ki-67 grades and pathologists' Ki-67 grades was observed in 92.4% (61/66) of cases with the calculated Cohen's Kappa coefficient of 0.862 (almost perfect agreement). Discordance between DIA and pathologists' consensus reads occurred in 5 PanNET cases which were upgraded from G1 to G2 by DIA due to contaminated Ki-67-stained inflammatory cells. CONCLUSIONS DIA demonstrated excellent concordance with pathologists' assessments, with only minor grading discrepancies. However, the essential role of pathologists in confirming results is emphasized to enhance overall accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Shaker
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rulong Shen
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Swati Satturwar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Peter Kobalka
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Saman Ahmadian
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shaoli Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Giovanni Lujan
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ashwini Esnakula
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Anil Parwani
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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Abstract
Polycomb complexes are essential regulators of embryonic and adult stem cells, highly conserved from flies to mammals. Traditionally, their study was based on biochemical and genetic approaches. More recently, the development of novel technologies and the improvement and standardization of existing ones has allowed to address previously unexplored aspects of Polycomb biology, such as dynamics and regulation. In this chapter, relevant researchers in the field discuss novel technologies aimed at dissecting the dynamics of Polycomb complexes in normal and pathological conditions.
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Preston S, Jabbar A, Nowell C, Joachim A, Ruttkowski B, Baell J, Cardno T, Korhonen PK, Piedrafita D, Ansell BRE, Jex AR, Hofmann A, Gasser RB. Low cost whole-organism screening of compounds for anthelmintic activity. Int J Parasitol 2015; 45:333-43. [PMID: 25746136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Due to major problems with drug resistance in parasitic nematodes of animals, there is a substantial need and excellent opportunities to develop new anthelmintics via genomic-guided and/or repurposing approaches. In the present study, we established a practical and cost-effective whole-organism assay for the in vitro-screening of compounds for activity against parasitic stages of the nematode Haemonchus contortus (barber's pole worm). The assay is based on the use of exsheathed L3 (xL3) and L4 stages of H. contortus of small ruminants (sheep and goats). Using this assay, we screened a panel of 522 well-curated kinase inhibitors (GlaxoSmithKline, USA; code: PKIS2) for activity against H. contortus by measuring the inhibition of larval motility using an automated image analysis system. We identified two chemicals within the compound classes biphenyl amides and pyrazolo[1,5-α]pyridines, which reproducibly inhibit both xL3 and L4 motility and development, with IC50s of 14-47 μM. Given that these inhibitors were designed as anti-inflammatory drugs for use in humans and fit the Lipinski rule-of-five (including bioavailability), they show promise for hit-to-lead optimisation and repurposing for use against parasitic nematodes. The screening assay established here has significant advantages over conventional methods, particularly in terms of ease of use, throughput, time and cost. Although not yet fully automated, the current assay is readily suited to the screening of hundreds to thousands of compounds for subsequent hit-to-lead optimisation. The current assay is highly adaptable to many parasites of socioeconomic importance, including those causing neglected tropical diseases. This aspect is of major relevance, given the urgent need to deliver the goals of the London Declaration (http://unitingtocombatntds.org/resource/london-declaration) through the rapid and efficient repurposing of compounds in public-private partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Preston
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Cameron Nowell
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Anja Joachim
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bärbel Ruttkowski
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonathan Baell
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Tony Cardno
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Pasi K Korhonen
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David Piedrafita
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Victoria 3842, Australia
| | - Brendan R E Ansell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Aaron R Jex
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Structural Chemistry Program, Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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