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Sharma S, Rao R, Reeve SM, Phelps GA, Bharatham N, Katagihallimath N, Ramachandran V, Raveendran S, Sarma M, Nath A, Thomas T, Manickam D, Nagaraj S, Balasubramanian V, Lee RE, Hameed P S, Datta S. Azaindole Based Potentiator of Antibiotics against Gram-Negative Bacteria. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:3009-3024. [PMID: 34699190 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We discovered azaindole-based compounds with weak innate activity that exhibit substantial potentiation of antibacterial activities of different antibiotics, viz., rifampicin, erythromycin, solithromycin, and novobiocin in Gram-negative bacteria. In the presence of the azaindole derivatives, these antibiotics exhibited submicromolar minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. The fold improvements in MIC of these antibiotics that were otherwise weak or inactive on their own against these bacteria were also observed against drug-resistant clinical isolates. Our studies indicate that this selective potentiation is probably through destabilization of the outer membrane's integrity, known to be regulated by the lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Thus, the azaindole based compounds described here open opportunities for those antibiotics that are otherwise ineffective due to LPS mediated entry barriers in Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreevalli Sharma
- BUGWORKS Research India Pvt. Ltd., Centre for Cellular & Molecular Platforms, GKVK, Bellary Rd, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
- The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, Karnataka-560064, India
| | - Ranga Rao
- BUGWORKS Research India Pvt. Ltd., Centre for Cellular & Molecular Platforms, GKVK, Bellary Rd, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
- The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, Karnataka-560064, India
| | - Stephanie M. Reeve
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Gregory A. Phelps
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Nagakumar Bharatham
- BUGWORKS Research India Pvt. Ltd., Centre for Cellular & Molecular Platforms, GKVK, Bellary Rd, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
- The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, Karnataka-560064, India
| | - Nainesh Katagihallimath
- BUGWORKS Research India Pvt. Ltd., Centre for Cellular & Molecular Platforms, GKVK, Bellary Rd, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
- The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, Karnataka-560064, India
| | - Vasanthi Ramachandran
- BUGWORKS Research India Pvt. Ltd., Centre for Cellular & Molecular Platforms, GKVK, Bellary Rd, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
- The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, Karnataka-560064, India
| | - Savitha Raveendran
- BUGWORKS Research India Pvt. Ltd., Centre for Cellular & Molecular Platforms, GKVK, Bellary Rd, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
| | - Maitrayee Sarma
- BUGWORKS Research India Pvt. Ltd., Centre for Cellular & Molecular Platforms, GKVK, Bellary Rd, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
| | - Anubha Nath
- St. John’s Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka-560034, India
| | - Teby Thomas
- St. John’s Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka-560034, India
| | - Dhanasekaran Manickam
- Syngene International Ltd., Plot 2 & 3, Bommasandra Industrial Estate - Phase-IV, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560099, India
| | - Savitha Nagaraj
- St. John’s Medical Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka-560034, India
| | - V. Balasubramanian
- BUGWORKS Research India Pvt. Ltd., Centre for Cellular & Molecular Platforms, GKVK, Bellary Rd, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
| | - Richard E. Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Shahul Hameed P
- BUGWORKS Research India Pvt. Ltd., Centre for Cellular & Molecular Platforms, GKVK, Bellary Rd, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
- The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, Karnataka-560064, India
| | - Santanu Datta
- BUGWORKS Research India Pvt. Ltd., Centre for Cellular & Molecular Platforms, GKVK, Bellary Rd, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
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Ross AG, Benton BM, Chin D, De Pascale G, Fuller J, Leeds JA, Reck F, Richie DL, Vo J, LaMarche MJ. Synthesis of ciprofloxacin dimers for evaluation of bacterial permeability in atypical chemical space. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3468-75. [PMID: 26189081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and evaluation of a library of variably-linked ciprofloxacin dimers. These structures unify and expand on the use of fluoroquinolones as probes throughout the antibiotic literature. A dimeric analog (19) showed enhanced inhibition of its intracellular target (DNA gyrase), and translation to antibacterial activity in whole cells was demonstrated. Overall, cell permeation was governed by physicochemical properties and bacterial type. A principal component analysis demonstrated that the dimers occupy a unique and privileged region of chemical space most similar to the macrolide class of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey G Ross
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bret M Benton
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Donovan Chin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - John Fuller
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Leeds
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Folkert Reck
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Daryl L Richie
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Jason Vo
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
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