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Djebala S, Coria E, Munaut F, Gille L, Eppe J, Moula N, Taminiau B, Daube G, Bossaert P. Bacterial Contamination of the Surgical Site at the Time of Elective Caesarean Section in Belgian Blue Cows-Part 1: Identified by Bacterial Culture. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120687. [PMID: 36548847 PMCID: PMC9785745 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the efficacy of preoperative antibiotics used in elective caesarean section (CS), we aimed to identify the bacteria contaminating the surgical site during this surgery. A study was conducted on 76 Belgian Blue cows. Bacteriology was performed on cotton swab sampled from the visceral and parietal peritoneum of each cow during the CS. Most of samples showed a negative culture (55/76; 72.37%), 19/76 (25%) were positive (p < 0.0001) and two samples were contaminated. In total, 32 isolates belonging to 18 species were identified. Most of them are aerobic (17/18; 94.44%) and half of them were gram-negative (G-). The most encountered bacteria were Acinetobacter sp. (6/32; 18.75%), Pseudomonas sp. (4/32; 12.5%), Aerococcus viridans (4/32; 12.5%), Psychrobacter sp. (3/32; 9.37%), and Escherichia coli (2/32; 6.25%). Among the identified isolates, 31/32 (96.87%) were aerobic and 1/32 (3.12%) was anaerobic (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, 20/32 (62.50%) strains were G− while 12/32 (37.5%) were gram-positive (G+) (p = 0.012). In fact, most of cultured strains were aerobic G− (20/32), 11/32 were aerobic G+ and 1/32 is anaerobic G+ (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, most of samples showed a negative bacteriology; however, aerobic G− strains were the most identified in positive swabs. Therefore, preoperative antibiotics should be aimed against these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Djebala
- Clinical Department of Ruminants, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 7A-7D, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Murphy and Leslie Veterinary Centre (Private Practice), Muckerstaff Granard, N39AN52 Co Longford, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-493-33-35-91 or +353-87-115-12-58
| | - Elise Coria
- Clinical Department of Ruminants, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 7A-7D, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Florian Munaut
- Clinical Department of Ruminants, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 7A-7D, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Linde Gille
- Clinical Department of Ruminants, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 7A-7D, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Justine Eppe
- Clinical Department of Ruminants, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 7A-7D, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nassim Moula
- Department of animal production, University of Liege, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 6, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- GIGA, Animal Facilities, ULiège, B 34, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
- Food Microbiology, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Georges Daube
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
- Food Microbiology, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Philippe Bossaert
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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