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Yan J, Yue K, Fan X, Xu X, Wang J, Qin M, Zhang Q, Hou X, Li X, Wang Y. Synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of ferrocene-based hydroxamic acids as selective histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:115004. [PMID: 36516583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is involved in multiple regulatory processes and emerges as a promising target for treating cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Benefited from the unique sandwich conformation of ferrocene, a series of ferrocene-based hydroxamic acids have been developed as novel HDAC6 inhibitors in this paper, especially the two ansa-ferrocenyl complexes with IC50s at the nanomolar level. [3]-Ferrocenophane hydroxamic acid analog II-5 displays the most potent inhibitory activity on HDAC6 and establishes remarkable selectivity towards other HDAC isoforms. Compound II-5 dose-dependently induces accumulation of acetylated α-tubulin while having a negligible effect on the level of acetylated Histone H3, confirming its isoform selectivity. Further biological evaluation of II-5 on cancer cells corroborates its antiproliferative effect, which mainly contributed to the induction of cellular apoptosis. It is worth noting that compound II-5 demonstrates an optimal profile on human plasma stability. These results strengthen ferrocene's unique role in developing selective protein inhibitors and indicate that compound II-5 may be a suitable lead for further evaluation and development for treating HDAC6-associated disorders and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangkun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 26003, Shandong, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, PR China
| | - Kairui Yue
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 26003, Shandong, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, PR China
| | - Xuejing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 26003, Shandong, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, PR China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 26003, Shandong, PR China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 26003, Shandong, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, PR China
| | - Mengting Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 26003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qianer Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 26003, Shandong, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 26003, Shandong, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 26003, Shandong, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, PR China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 26003, Shandong, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, PR China.
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Baartzes N, Jordaan A, Warner DF, Combrinck J, Taylor D, Chibale K, Smith GS. Antimicrobial evaluation of neutral and cationic iridium(III) and rhodium(III) aminoquinoline-benzimidazole hybrid complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112694. [PMID: 32861176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of neutral and cationic Ir(III) and Rh(III) aminoquinoline-benzimidazole hybrid complexes were synthesised and their inhibitory activities evaluated against Plasmodium falciparum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In general, the hybrid complexes display good activity against the chloroquine-sensitive NF54 strain of P. falciparum. The neutral Ir(III)- and Rh(III)-Cp∗ complexes were the most active (IC50 = 0.488 μM for IrIII), maintaining activity against the multidrug-resistant K1 strain. Low to no cytotoxicity against the Chinese hamster ovarian cell line was observed for the tested complexes. Selected active hybrid complexes demonstrated significant inhibition of β-haematin formation in a cell-free NP-40 assay, suggesting an effect on the host haemoglobin degradation pathway as a potential contributing mechanism of action. When tested against M. tuberculosis H37Rv, most hybrid complexes displayed moderate to good activity. Again, the neutral complexes outperformed the cationic complexes, with the neutral Ir(III)-Cp∗ complexes proving most active (MIC90 = 0.488-1.490 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Baartzes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Audrey Jordaan
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Digby F Warner
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Jill Combrinck
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dale Taylor
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Gregory S Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Di Nicola C, Marchetti F, Pettinari R, Tombesi A, Pettinari C, Grappasonni I, Dyson PJ, Scuri S. Tethering (Arene)Ru(II) Acylpyrazolones Decorated with Long Aliphatic Chains to Polystyrene Surfaces Provides Potent Antibacterial Plastics. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E526. [PMID: 31978989 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The acylpyrazolone proligands HQR (HQR in general, in detail: HQCy = 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-carbonylcyclohexyl-5-pyrazolone, 4-C(O)-phenyl, HQPh = 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone, HQC17 = 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-stearoyl-5-pyrazolone, HQC17,Ph = 1-phenyl-3-stearyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone) were synthesized and reacted with (arene)Ru(II) acceptors affording complexes [(arene)Ru(QR)Cl] (arene = cymene (cym) or hexamethylbenzene (hmb)). The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analysis-Differntial Thermal Analysis (TGA-DTA), IR spectroscopy, ESI-MS and 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Complexes [(arene)Ru(QR)Cl] where QR = QC17 and QC17,Ph, due to the long aliphatic chain in the ligand, afford nanometric dispersions in methanol via self-assembly into micellar aggregates of dimensions 50-200 nm. The antibacterial activity of the complexes was established against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, those containing the ligands with a long aliphatic chain being the most effective. The complexes were immobilized on polystyrene by a simple procedure, and the resulting composite materials showed to be very effective against E. coli and S. aureus.
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Murray BS, Dyson PJ. Recent progress in the development of organometallics for the treatment of cancer. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 56:28-34. [PMID: 31812831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
From their early successes in medicine, organometallic compounds continue to attract interest as potential chemotherapeutics to treat a range of diseases. Here, we show from recent literature selected largely from the last two years that organometallics offer unique opportunities in medicine and, increasingly, a mechanistic-based approach is applied to their development, which has not always been the case.
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Baartzes N, Stringer T, Seldon R, Warner DF, Taylor D, Wittlin S, Chibale K, Smith GS. Bioisosteric ferrocenyl aminoquinoline-benzimidazole hybrids: Antimicrobial evaluation and mechanistic insights. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:121-133. [PMID: 31301563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Phenyl- and bioisosteric ferrocenyl-derived aminoquinoline-benzimidazole hybrid compounds were synthesised and evaluated for their in vitro antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive NF54 and multi-drug resistant K1 strains of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. All compounds were active against the two strains, generally showing enhanced activity in the K1 strain, with resistance indices less than 1. Cytotoxicity studies using Chinese hamster ovarian cells revealed that the hybrids were relatively non-cytotoxic and demonstrated selective killing of the parasite. Based on favourable in vitro antiplasmodial and cytotoxicity data, the most active phenyl (4c) and ferrocenyl (5b) hybrids were tested in vivo against the rodent Plasmodium berghei mouse model. Both compounds caused a reduction in parasitemia relative to the control, with 5c displaying superior activity (92% reduction in parasitemia at 4 × 50 mg/kg oral doses). The most active phenyl and ferrocenyl derivatives showed inhibition of β-haematin formation in a NP-40 detergent-mediated assay, indicating a possible contributing mechanism of antiplasmodial action. The most active ferrocenyl hybrid did not display appreciable reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a ROS-induced DNA cleavage gel electrophoresis study. The compounds were also screened for their in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The hybrids containing a more hydrophobic substituent had enhanced activity (<32.7 μM) compared to those with a less hydrophobic substituent (>62.5 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Baartzes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - T Stringer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Seldon
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D F Warner
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - D Taylor
- H3D, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Wittlin
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - K Chibale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - G S Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Moriuchi T, Nishiyama T, Tayano Y, Hirao T. Controlled self-assembling structures of ferrocene-dipeptide conjugates composed of Ala-Pro-NHCH 2CH 2SH chain. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 177:259-265. [PMID: 28552420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bioorganometallic ferrocene-dipeptide conjugates with the Ala-Pro-cysteamine chain, Fc-L-Ala-L-Pro-NHCH2CH2SH (2) and Fc-L-Ala-D-Pro-NHCH2CH2SH (4) (Fc=ferrocenoyl), were prepared by the reduction of the ferrocene-dipeptide conjugates, Fc-L-Ala-L-Pro-cystamine-L-Pro-L-Ala-Fc (1) or Fc-L-Ala-D-Pro-cystamine-D-Pro-L-Ala-Fc (3), respectively. Control of the self-assembling structures of the ferrocene-dipeptide conjugates was demonstrated by changing the chirality of the amino acid. The molecular structure of 2 composed of the L-Ala-L-Pro-NHCH2CH2SH chain confirmed the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bond of N-H⋯N pattern between the NH of cysteamine moiety and the nitrogen of Pro moiety. Furthermore, intermolecular hydrogen bonds between NH (Ala) and CO (Pro of another molecule) and between NH (cysteamine) and CO (the ferrocenoyl moiety of another molecule) were formed, wherein each molecule is connected to four neighboring molecules by continuous intermolecular hydrogen bonds to form the hydrogen-bonded molecular assembling structure. On the contrary, the left-handed helical assembly through an intermolecular hydrogen-bonding network of 15-membered intermolecularly hydrogen-bonded ring between NH (Ala) and CO (the ferrocenoyl moiety of another molecule) and between NH (the cysteamine moiety of another molecule) and CO (Ala) was observed in the crystal packing of 4 composed of the L-Ala-D-Pro-NHCH2CH2SH chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Moriuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Taiki Nishiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tayano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Hirao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Nikolić S, Rangasamy L, Gligorijević N, Aranđelović S, Radulović S, Gasser G, Grgurić-Šipka S. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of novel Ru(II)-arene complexes containing intercalating ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 160:156-65. [PMID: 26818702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Three new ruthenium(II)-arene complexes, namely [(η(6)-p-cymene)Ru(Me2dppz)Cl]PF6 (1), [(η(6)-benzene)Ru(Me2dppz)Cl]PF6 (2) and [(η(6)-p-cymene)Ru(aip)Cl]PF6 (3) (Me2dppz=11,12-dimethyldipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine; aip=2-(9-anthryl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f] [1,10] phenanthroline) have been synthesized and characterized using different spectroscopic techniques including elemental analysis. The complexes were found to be well soluble and stable in DMSO. The biological activity of the three complexes was tested in three different human cancer cell lines (A549, MDA-MB-231 and HeLa) and in one human non-cancerous cell line (MRC-5). Complexes 1 and 3, carrying η(6)-p-cymene as the arene ligand, were shown to be toxic in all cell lines in the low micromolar/subnanomolar range, with complex 1 being the most cytotoxic complex of the series. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that complex 1 caused concentration- and time-dependent arrest of the cell cycle in G2-M and S phases in HeLa cells. This event is followed by the accumulation of the sub-G1 DNA content after 48h, in levels higher than cisplatin and in the absence of phosphatidylserine externalization. Fluorescent microscopy and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining revealed that complex 1 induced both apoptotic and necrotic cell morphology characteristics. Drug-accumulation and DNA-binding studies performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in HeLa cells showed that the total ruthenium uptake increased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, and that complex 1 accumulated more efficiently than cisplatin at equimolar concentrations. The introduction of a Me2dppz ligand into the ruthenium(II)-p-cymene scaffold was found to allow the discovery of a strongly cytotoxic complex with significantly higher cellular uptake and DNA-binding properties than cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nikolić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Loganathan Rangasamy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nevenka Gligorijević
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Aranđelović
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Siniša Radulović
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sanja Grgurić-Šipka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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