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Prasad A, Patel P, Niranjan A, Mishra A, Saxena G, Singh SS, Chakrabarty D. Biotic elicitor-induced changes in growth, antioxidative defense, and metabolites in an improved prickleless Solanum viarum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6455-6469. [PMID: 36069926 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Solanum viarum serves as a raw material for the steroidal drug industry due to its alkaloid and glycoalkaloid content. Elicitation is well-known for measuring the increase in the yield of bioactive compounds in in vitro cultures. The current study was performed for the accumulation of metabolites viz. solasodine, solanidine, and α-solanine in S. viarum culture using microbial-based elicitors added in 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% on 25th and 35th day of culture period and harvested on 45th and 50th days of culture cycle. The treatment of 3% Trichoderma reesei and Bacillus tequilensis culture filtrate (CF) significantly increased biomass, alkaloids/glycoalkaloid content, and yield in S. viarum. T. reesei was found to be the best treatment for enhanced growth (GI = 11.65) and glycoalkaloid yield (2.54 mg DW plant-1) after the 50th day of the culture cycle when added on the 25th day. The abundance of gene transcripts involved in the biosynthesis of alkaloids/glycoalkaloids, revealed by quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis correlates with the accumulation of their respective metabolites in elicited plants. Biochemical analysis shows that elicited plants inhibited oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species by activating enzymes (superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase) as well as non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms (alkaloids, total phenols, total flavonoids, carotenoids, and proline). The findings of this study clearly demonstrate that the application of T. reesei and B. tequilensis CF at a specific dose and time significantly improve biomass as well as upregulates the metabolite biosynthetic pathway in an important medicinal plant- S. viarum. KEY POINTS: • Biotic elicitors stimulated the alkaloids/glycoalkaloid content in S. viarum plant cultures. • T. reesei was found to be most efficient for enhancing the growth and alkaloids content. • Elicited plants activate ROS based-defense mechanism to overcome oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Prasad
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, U.P., India
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, U.P., India
| | - Preeti Patel
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, U.P., India
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, U.P., India
| | - Abhishek Niranjan
- Central Instrumentation Facility, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, U.P., India
| | - Aradhana Mishra
- Division of Plant Microbe Interaction, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research- National Botanical ResearchInstitute, Lucknow, India
| | - Gauri Saxena
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, U.P., India
| | - Satya Shila Singh
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, U.P., India
| | - Debasis Chakrabarty
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, U.P., India.
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Netala VR, Kotakadi VS, Gaddam SA, Ghosh SB, Tartte V. Elicitation of gymnemic acid production in cell suspension cultures of Gymnema sylvestre R.Br. through endophytic fungi. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:232. [PMID: 28330304 PMCID: PMC5234528 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of plant secondary metabolite production in cell suspension cultures through biotic or abiotic elicitation has become a potential biotechnological approach for commercialization or large-scale production of bioactive compounds. Gymnema sylvestre R.Br. is an important medicinal plant, rich in a group of oleanane triterpenoid saponins called gymnemic acid, well known for its anti-diabetic activity. Two endophytic fungal strains were isolated from the leaves of G. sylvestre and identified as Polyancora globosa and Xylaria sp. based on the PCR amplification and internal transcribed spacer (ITS 1-5.8S-ITS 2) sequencing of 18S rRNA gene. The process of elicitation of cell suspension cultures of G. sylvestre with dried powder of fungal mycelia (DPFM) and extracellular culture filtrate (ECF) of endophytic fungi consistently enhanced the accumulation of gymnemic acid and the DPFM was proved to be an effective elicitor when compared to the ECF. The DPFM elicited the gymnemic acid content in the range of 2.57–10.45-fold, while the ECF elicited the gymnemic acid content in the range of 2.39–7.8-fold. P. globosa, a novel and a rare endophytic fungal strain, has shown a great influence on the production of gymnemic acid. Cell suspension cultures elicited with DPFM of P. globosa produced higher amount of gymnemic acid content (124.23 mg/g dried cell weight) compared to the cultures elicited with DPFM of Xylaria sp. (102.24 mg/g DCW). But the cultures treated with consortium of DPFM of both fungi showed great influence on the production of gymnemic acid (139.98 mg/g DCW) than the cultures treated with DPFM alone. Similarly, cultures treated with consortium of ECF of both fungi produced more gymnemic acid content (94.86 mg/g DCW) compared with cultures treated with ECF of Xylaria sp. (77.93 mg/g DCW) and ECF of P. globosa (78.65 mg/g DCW) alone.
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