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Albogami Y, Zhu Y, Wang X, Winterstein AG. Concordance of neonatal critical condition data between secondary databases: Florida and Texas birth certificate Linkage with medicaid analytic extract. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 23:47. [PMID: 36803103 PMCID: PMC9940322 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-01860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited information is available about neonates' critical conditions data quality. The study aim was to measure the agreement regarding presence of neonatal critical conditions between Medicaid Analytic eXtract claims data and Birth Certificate (BC) records. METHODS Claims data files of neonates born between 1999-2010 and their mothers were linked to birth certificates in the states of Texas and Florida. In claims data, neonatal critical conditions were identified using medical encounter claims records within the first 30 days postpartum, while in birth certificates, the conditions were identified based on predetermined variables. We calculated the prevalence of cases within each data source that were identified by its comparator, in addition to calculating overall agreement and kappa statistics. RESULTS The sample included 558,224 and 981,120 neonates in Florida and Texas, respectively. Kappa values show poor agreement (< 20%) for all critical conditions except neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, which showed moderate (> 50%) and substantial (> 60%) agreement in Florida and Texas, respectively. claims data resulted in higher prevalences and capture of a larger proportion of cases than the BC, except for assisted ventilation. CONCLUSIONS Claims data and BC showed low agreement on neonatal critical conditions except for NICU admission. Each data source identified cases most of which the comparator failed to capture, with higher prevalences estimated within claims data except for assisted ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Albogami
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida USA ,grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanmin Zhu
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida USA
| | - Xi Wang
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida USA
| | - Almut G Winterstein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. .,Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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Wendt A, Hellwig F, Saad GE, Faye C, Boerma T, Barros AJD, Victora CG. Birth registration coverage according to the sex of the head of household: an analysis of national surveys from 93 low- and middle-income countries. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1942. [PMID: 36261798 PMCID: PMC9583473 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Within-country inequalities in birth registration coverage (BRC) have been documented according to wealth, place of residence and other household characteristics. We investigated whether sex of the head of household was associated with BRC. Methods Using data from nationally-representative surveys (Demographic and Health Survey or Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey) from 93 low and middle-income countries (LMICs) carried out in 2010 or later, we developed a typology including three main types of households: male-headed (MHH) and female-led with or without an adult male resident. Using Poisson regression, we compared BRC for children aged less than 12 months living the three types of households within each country, and then pooled results for all countries. Analyses were also adjusted for household wealth quintiles, maternal education and urban-rural residence. Results BRC ranged from 2.2% Ethiopia to 100% in Thailand (median 79%) while the proportion of MHH ranged from 52.1% in Ukraine to 98.3% in Afghanistan (median 72.9%). In most countries the proportion of poor families was highest in FHH (no male) and lowest in FHH (any male), with MHH occupying an intermediate position. Of the 93 countries, in the adjusted analyses, FHH (no male) had significantly higher BRC than MHH in 13 countries, while in eight countries the opposite trend was observed. The pooled analyses showed t BRC ratios of 1.01 (95% CI: 1.00; 1.01) for FHH (any male) relative to MHH, and also 1.01 (95% CI: 1.00; 1.01) for FHH (no male) relative to MHH. These analyses also showed a high degree of heterogeneity among countries. Conclusion Sex of the head of household was not consistently associated with BRC in the pooled analyses but noteworthy differences in different directions were found in specific countries. Formal and informal benefits to FHH (no male), as well as women’s ability to allocate household resources to their children in FHH, may explain why this vulnerable group has managed to offset a potential disadvantage to their children. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14325-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Wendt
- International Center for Equity in Health, Postgraduate Program of Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia em Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Franciele Hellwig
- International Center for Equity in Health, Post-Graduation Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, 1160 Marechal Deodoro St, 3rd floor., Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ghada E Saad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Cheikh Faye
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Aluisio J D Barros
- International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Cesar G Victora
- International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Kasasa S, Natukwatsa D, Galiwango E, Nareeba T, Gyezaho C, Fisker AB, Mengistu MY, Dzabeng F, Haider MM, Yargawa J, Akuze J, Baschieri A, Cappa C, Jackson D, Lawn JE, Blencowe H, Kajungu D. Birth, stillbirth and death registration data completeness, quality and utility in population-based surveys: EN-INDEPTH study. Popul Health Metr 2021; 19:14. [PMID: 33557862 PMCID: PMC7869445 DOI: 10.1186/s12963-020-00231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birth registration is a child's first right. Registration of live births, stillbirths and deaths is foundational for national planning. Completeness of birth registration for live births in low- and middle-income countries is measured through population-based surveys which do not currently include completeness of stillbirth or death registration. METHODS The EN-INDEPTH population-based survey of women of reproductive age was undertaken in five Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau and Uganda (2017-2018). In four African sites, we included new/modified questions regarding registration for 1177 stillbirths and 11,881 livebirths (1333 neonatal deaths and 10,548 surviving the neonatal period). Questions were evaluated for completeness of responses, data quality, time to administer and estimates of registration completeness using descriptive statistics. Timing of birth registration, factors associated with non-registration and reported barriers were assessed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. RESULTS Almost all women, irrespective of their baby's survival, responded to registration questions, taking an average of < 1 min. Reported completeness of birth registration was 30.7% (6.1-53.5%) for babies surviving the neonatal period, compared to 1.7% for neonatal deaths (0.4-5.7%). Women were able to report age at birth registration for 93.6% of babies. Non-registration of babies surviving the neonatal period was significantly higher for home-born children (aOR 1.43 (95% CI 1.27-1.60)) and in Dabat (Ethiopia) (aOR 4.11 (95% CI 3.37-5.01)). Other socio-demographic factors associated with non-registration included younger age of mother, more prior births, little or no education, and lower socio-economic status. Neonatal death registration questions were feasible (100% women responded; only 1% did not know), revealing extremely low completeness with only 1.2% of neonatal deaths reported as registered. Despite > 70% of stillbirths occurring in facilities, only 2.5% were reported as registered. CONCLUSIONS Questions on birth, stillbirth and death registration were feasible in a household survey. Completeness of birth registration is low in all four sites, but stillbirth and neonatal death registration was very low. Closing the registration gap amongst facility births could increase registration of both livebirths and facility deaths, including stillbirths, but will require co-ordination between civil registration systems and the often over-stretched health sector. Investment and innovation is required to capture birth and especially deaths in both facility and community systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kasasa
- IgangaMayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Makerere University Centre for Health and Population Research, Iganga, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University Centre for Health and Population Research, Makerere, Uganda
| | - Davis Natukwatsa
- IgangaMayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Makerere University Centre for Health and Population Research, Iganga, Uganda
- Makerere University Centre for Health and Population Research, Makerere, Uganda
| | - Edward Galiwango
- IgangaMayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Makerere University Centre for Health and Population Research, Iganga, Uganda
- Makerere University Centre for Health and Population Research, Makerere, Uganda
| | - Tryphena Nareeba
- IgangaMayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Makerere University Centre for Health and Population Research, Iganga, Uganda
- Makerere University Centre for Health and Population Research, Makerere, Uganda
| | - Collins Gyezaho
- IgangaMayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Makerere University Centre for Health and Population Research, Iganga, Uganda
- Makerere University Centre for Health and Population Research, Makerere, Uganda
| | - Ane Baerent Fisker
- Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
- Research Centre for Vitamins and Vaccines, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Departmet of Clinical Research, Open Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mezgebu Yitayal Mengistu
- Dabat Research Centre Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Dabat, Ethiopia
- Department of Health Systems and Policy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Judith Yargawa
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive & Child Health (MARCH) Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Joseph Akuze
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive & Child Health (MARCH) Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Departent of Health Policy, Planning and Management, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
- Centre of Excellence for Maternal Newborn and Child Health Research, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Angela Baschieri
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive & Child Health (MARCH) Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Claudia Cappa
- United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), New York, USA
| | - Debra Jackson
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive & Child Health (MARCH) Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), New York, USA
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Joy E. Lawn
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive & Child Health (MARCH) Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Hannah Blencowe
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive & Child Health (MARCH) Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Dan Kajungu
- IgangaMayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Makerere University Centre for Health and Population Research, Iganga, Uganda
- Makerere University Centre for Health and Population Research, Makerere, Uganda
| | - the Every Newborn-INDEPTH Study Collaborative Group
- IgangaMayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Makerere University Centre for Health and Population Research, Iganga, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University Centre for Health and Population Research, Makerere, Uganda
- Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
- Research Centre for Vitamins and Vaccines, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Departmet of Clinical Research, Open Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Dabat Research Centre Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Dabat, Ethiopia
- Department of Health Systems and Policy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive & Child Health (MARCH) Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Departent of Health Policy, Planning and Management, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
- Centre of Excellence for Maternal Newborn and Child Health Research, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), New York, USA
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Philipsborn RP, Sorscher EA, Sexson W, Evans HH. Born on U.S. Soil: Access to Healthcare for Neonates of Non-Citizens. Matern Child Health J 2020; 25:9-14. [PMID: 33201449 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-020-03020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 14th amendment of the United States (US) Constitution guarantees citizenship to infants born in the US. With documentation of citizenship, typically through a birth certificate, neonates gain official identity and the opportunity to qualify for services like healthcare. Most guidance on caring for immigrant children assumes that access to health care is guaranteed for babies born in the US. In practice, some infants born to non-citizen mothers face barriers in obtaining services fundamental to neonatal health. METHODS We conducted a review of the literature to identify articles on access to care for infants born to non-citizen mothers in the US. Because of the scarcity of relevant peer-reviewed published literature on this topic, the search was broadened to grey literature including news articles, online articles, and legal reviews. Using these aggregated sources, we created a framework for understanding maternal immigration status and barriers to healthcare for neonates born in the US. We discuss risk factors from the public health, historical and ethical perspectives. RESULTS Barriers exist for some mother-infant dyads in obtaining services such as healthcare, health insurance and supplemental nutrition programs. At-risk dyads include neonates of undocumented immigrants and birth tourists as well as neonates born to women on visas. The impact of these barriers on health-seeking behaviors, access to care, and health outcomes for these neonates is largely unknown. DISCUSSION The framework for understanding challenges of non-citizen mothers and their infants that we present in this article provides a resource for physicians and public health professionals serving this population. That much of the literature exists outside of healthcare highlights the need for more scholarly work on this problem. Future research will better inform advocacy and public health efforts to protect this vulnerable population of newborn citizens and their mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Pass Philipsborn
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Health Sciences Research Building W417, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ella A Sorscher
- University of Colorado Pediatric Residency Program Aurora, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - William Sexson
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Health Sciences Research Building W417, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - H Hughes Evans
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Health Sciences Research Building W417, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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DeSisto CL, Rohan A, Handler A, Awadalla SS, Johnson T, Rankin K. The Effect of Continuous Versus Pregnancy-Only Medicaid Eligibility on Routine Postpartum Care in Wisconsin, 2011-2015. Matern Child Health J 2020; 24:1138-1150. [PMID: 32335806 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-020-02924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare patterns of routine postpartum health care utilization for women in Wisconsin with continuous Medicaid eligibility versus pregnancy-only Medicaid METHODS: This analysis used Medicaid records and linked infant birth certificates for Medicaid paid births in Wisconsin during 2011-2015 (n = 105,718). We determined if women had continuous or pregnancy-only eligibility from the Medicaid eligibility file. We used a standard list of billing codes to identify if women received routine postpartum care. We examined maternal characteristics and receipt of postpartum care overall and by Medicaid eligibility category. Finally, we used a binomial model to calculate the relationship between Medicaid eligibility category and receipt of postpartum care, adjusted for maternal characteristics. RESULTS Women with continuous Medicaid had profiles more consistent with low postpartum visit attendance rates (e.g., younger, more likely to use tobacco) than women with pregnancy-only Medicaid. However, after adjusting for maternal characteristics, women with continuous Medicaid eligibility had a postpartum visit rate that was 6 percentage points higher than the rate for women with pregnancy-only Medicaid (RD: 6.27, 95% CI 5.72, 6.82). CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Women with pregnancy-only Medicaid were less likely to have received routine postpartum care than women with continuous Medicaid. Medicaid coverage beyond the current guaranteed 60 days postpartum could help provide more women access to postpartum care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla L DeSisto
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, 1603 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Angela Rohan
- Division of Public Health, Wisconsin Department of Health Services, 1 W. Wilson St, Madison, WI, 53703, USA
| | - Arden Handler
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, 1603 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Saria S Awadalla
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, 1603 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Timothy Johnson
- Survey Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, 412 S. Peoria St, Chicago, IL, 60601, USA
| | - Kristin Rankin
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, 1603 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Andrea SB, Messer LC, Marino M, Goodman JM, Boone-Heinonen J. A nationwide investigation of the impact of the tipped worker subminimum wage on infant size for gestational age. Prev Med 2020; 133:106016. [PMID: 32045614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Tipped workers, primarily women of reproductive-age, can be paid a "subminimum wage" 71% lower than the federal minimum wage. We estimated the effects of increasing the state-level tipped worker subminimum wage (federally, $2.13 per hour) on infant size for gestational age in the US as infants born small or large are at risk for poor health across the lifecourse. Utilizing unconditional quantile regression and difference-in-differences analysis of data from 2004 to 2016 Vital Statistics Natality Files (N = 41,219,953 mother-infant dyads), linked to state-level wage laws, census, and antipoverty policy data, we estimated the effect of increasing the subminimum wage on birthweight standardized for gestational age (BWz). Smallest and largest infants are defined as those in the 5th and 95th BWz percentiles, respectively. Increases in the subminimum wage affected the BWz distribution. When compared to a static wage of $2.13 for the duration of the study period, wage set to 100% of the federal minimum ($5.15-$7.25) was associated with an increase in BWz of 0.024 (95% CI: 0.004, 0.045) for the smallest infants and a decrease by 0.041 (95% CI: -0.054, -0.029) for the largest infants. Increasing the subminimum wage may be one strategy to promote healthier birthweight in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Andrea
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Lynne C Messer
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Miguel Marino
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Julia M Goodman
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Janne Boone-Heinonen
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Maslowsky J, Powers D, Hendrick CE, Al-Hamoodah L. County-Level Clustering and Characteristics of Repeat Versus First Teen Births in the United States, 2015-2017. J Adolesc Health 2019; 65:674-680. [PMID: 31474434 PMCID: PMC6814573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Approximately 16% of U.S. births to women aged 15-19 years are repeat (second or higher order) births. Repeat teen mothers are at elevated risk for poor perinatal outcomes. Geographic clustering and correlates of repeat teen birth are unknown. METHODS Data from birth certificates on N = 629,939 teen births in N = 3,108 U.S. counties in 2015-2017 were merged with data on county-level demographic, socioeconomic, and health provider characteristics. We identified contiguous clusters of counties with significantly elevated rates of first teen births only, repeat teen births, both, or neither between 2015 and 2017 and compared demographic, socioeconomic, and medical provider characteristics of counties between 2010 and 2016 in each cluster type. RESULTS A total of 193 counties (6.21%) had high rates of repeat births only; 504 (16.22%) had high rates of first teen birth only; 991 (31.89%) had high rates of both repeat and first teen births; and 1,420 (45.69%) had neither. Counties with high repeat (vs. first only) birth rates had higher rates of poverty and unemployment, higher levels of income inequality, lower high school graduation rates, a higher share of racial and ethnic minority residents, fewer publicly funded family planning clinics per capita, and more women receiving contraceptive services at publicly funded clinics. CONCLUSIONS First and repeat teen births cluster in differentially resourced geographic areas. Counties with high repeat teen birth rates have lower socioeconomic conditions than counties with high rates of first teen births only. These counties are more reliant on publicly funded family planning clinics but have fewer of them per capita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Maslowsky
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, College of Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.
| | - Daniel Powers
- Department of Sociology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - C Emily Hendrick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Leila Al-Hamoodah
- Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Howell EM, Zhang H, Poston DL. Son Preference of Immigrants to the United States: Data from U.S. Birth Certificates, 2004-2013. J Immigr Minor Health 2018; 20:711-6. [PMID: 28434135 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-017-0589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Son preference has existed for centuries in many cultures and societies. In some Asian countries, including China and India, the sex ratio at birth (SRB, number of male infants divided by number of female infants times 100) is elevated above the worldwide biological norm of about 105. We investigate whether this ratio is elevated in the U.S. for immigrant women. We analyze U.S. birth certificates for 2004-2013 and categorize births by mother's and father's race/ethnicity; mother's place of birth, and birth order of the child. The SRB is elevated for two groups of women: Chinese women born in China for children of birth order 2 and higher, and Indian women born in India for children of birth order 3 and higher. The SRB is not elevated for Chinese and Indian women born in the U.S., nor for Mexican women, Black women, nor White women, regardless of place of birth. The race/ethnicity of the child's father does not appear to be a strong factor in the SRB. In the early twenty-first century the elevated SRB for Chinese and Indian women born in China and India respectively suggests sex selection for higher order births in the U.S.
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Phillips DE, Adair T, Lopez AD. How useful are registered birth statistics for health and social policy? A global systematic assessment of the availability and quality of birth registration data. Popul Health Metr 2018; 16:21. [PMID: 30587201 DOI: 10.1186/s12963-018-0180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The registration and certification of births has a wide array of individual and societal benefits. While near-universal in some parts of the world, birth registration is less common in many low- and middle-income countries, and the quality of vital statistics vary. We assembled publicly available birth registration records for as many countries as possible into a novel global birth registration database, and we present a systematic assessment of available data. Methods We obtained 4918 country-years of data from 145 countries covering the period 1948–2015. We compared these to existing estimates of total births to assess completeness of public data and adapted existing methods to evaluate the quality and timeliness of the data. Results Since 1980, approximately one billion births were registered and shared in public databases. Compared to estimates of fertility, this represents only 40.0% of total births in the peak year, 2011. Approximately 74 million births (53.1%) per year occur in countries whose systems do not systematically register them and release the aggregate records. Considering data quality, timeliness, and completeness in country-years where data are available, only about 12 million births per year (8.6%) occur in countries with high-performing registration systems. Conclusions This analysis highlights the gaps in available data. Our objective and low-cost approach to assessing the performance of birth registration systems can be helpful to monitor country progress, and to help national and international policymakers set targets for strengthening birth registration systems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12963-018-0180-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Fleischer NL, Abshire C, Margerison CE, Nitcheva D, Smith MG. The South Carolina Multigenerational Linked Birth Dataset: Developing Social Mobility Measures Across Generations to Understand Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Adverse Birth Outcomes in the US South. Matern Child Health J 2018; 23:787-801. [PMID: 30569299 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-02695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To describe the creation of a multigenerational linked dataset with social mobility measures for South Carolina (SC), as an example for states in the South and other areas of the country. Methods Using unique identifiers, we linked birth certificates along the maternal line using SC birth certificate data from 1989 to 2014, and compared the subset of records for which linking was possible with two comparison groups on sociodemographic and birth outcome measures. We created four multi-generational social mobility measures using maternal education, paternal education, presence of paternal information, and a summary score incorporating the prior three measures plus payment source for births after 2004. We compared social mobility measures by race/ethnicity. Results Of the 1,366,288 singleton birth certificates in SC from 1989 to 2014, we linked 103,194, resulting in 61,229 unique three-generation units. Mothers and fathers were younger and had lower education, and low birth weight was more common, in the multigenerational linked dataset than in the two comparison groups. Based on the social mobility summary score, only 6.3% of White families were always disadvantaged, compared to 30.4% of Black families and 13.2% of Hispanic families. Moreover, 32.8% of White families were upwardly mobile and 39.1% of Black families were upwardly mobile, but only 29.9% of Hispanic families were upwardly mobile. Conclusions for Practice When states are able to link individuals, birth certificate data may be an excellent source for examining population-level relationships between social mobility and adverse birth outcomes. Due to its location in the Deep South, the multigenerational SC dataset may be particularly useful for understanding racial/ethnic difference in social mobility and birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Fleischer
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Chelsea Abshire
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Claire E Margerison
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Daniela Nitcheva
- Division of Biostatistics, South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael G Smith
- Department of Health Services Management and Policy, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
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Casey JA, Gemmill A, Karasek D, Ogburn EL, Goin DE, Morello-Frosch R. Increase in fertility following coal and oil power plant retirements in California. Environ Health 2018; 17:44. [PMID: 29720194 PMCID: PMC5932773 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have explored the relationship between air pollution and fertility. We used a natural experiment in California when coal and oil power plants retired to estimate associations with nearby fertility rates. METHODS We used a difference-in-differences negative binomial model on the incident rate ratio scale to analyze the change in annual fertility rates among California mothers living within 0-5 km and 5-10 km of 8 retired power plants between 2001 and 2011. The difference-in-differences method isolates the portion of the pre- versus post-retirement contrast in the 0-5 km and 5-10 km bins, respectively, that is due to retirement rather than secular trends. We controlled for secular trends with mothers living 10-20 km away. Adjusted models included fixed effects for power plant, proportion Hispanic, Black, high school educated, and aged > 30 years mothers, and neighborhood poverty and educational attainment. RESULTS Analyses included 58,909 live births. In adjusted models, we estimated that after power plant retirement annual fertility rates per 1000 women aged 15-44 years increased by 8 births within 5 km and 2 births within 5-10 km of power plants, corresponding to incident rate ratios of 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1-1.4) and 1.1 (95% CI: 1.0-1.2), respectively. We implemented a negative exposure control by randomly selecting power plants that did not retire and repeating our analysis with those locations using the retirement dates from original 8 power plants. There was no association, suggesting that statewide temporal trends may not account for results. CONCLUSIONS Fertility rates among nearby populations appeared to increase after coal and oil power plant retirements. Our study design limited the possibility that our findings resulted from temporal trends or changes in population composition. These results require confirmation in other populations, given known methodological limitations of ecologic study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan A. Casey
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, 13B University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94729 USA
| | - Alison Gemmill
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, HSC, Level 3, Room 071, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8338 USA
| | - Deborah Karasek
- Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Elizabeth L. Ogburn
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room E3620, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Dana E. Goin
- Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94729 USA
| | - Rachel Morello-Frosch
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management and the University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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Robledo CA, Yeung EH, Mendola P, Sundaram R, Boghossian NS, Bell EM, Druschel C. Examining the Prevalence Rates of Preexisting Maternal Medical Conditions and Pregnancy Complications by Source: Evidence to Inform Maternal and Child Research. Matern Child Health J 2017; 21:852-62. [PMID: 27549105 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-016-2177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objectives We sought to examine whether there are systematic differences in ascertainment of preexisting maternal medical conditions and pregnancy complications from three common data sources used in epidemiologic research. Methods Diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational hypertensive disorders (GHD), placental abruption and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) among 4821 pregnancies were identified via birth certificates, maternal self-report at approximately 4 months postpartum and by discharge codes from the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS), a mandatory New York State hospital reporting system. The kappa statistic (k) was estimated to ascertain beyond chance agreement of outcomes between birth certificates with either maternal self-report or SPARCS. Results GHD was under-ascertained on birth certificates (5.7 %) and more frequently indicated by maternal report (11 %) and discharge data (8.2 %). PROM was indicated more on birth certificates (7.4 %) than maternal report (4.5 %) or discharge data (5.7 %). Confirmation across data sources for some outcomes varied by maternal age, race/ethnicity, prenatal care utilization, preterm delivery, parity, mode of delivery, infant sex, use of infertility treatment and for multiple births. Agreement between maternal report and discharge data with birth certificates was generally poor (kappa < 0.4) to moderate (0.4 ≤ kappa < 0.75) but was excellent between discharge data and birth certificates for GDM among women who underwent infertility treatment (kappa = 0.79, 95 % CI 0.74, 0.85). Conclusions for Practice Prevalence and agreement of conditions varied across sources. Condition-specific variations in reporting should be considered when designing studies that investigate associations between preexisting maternal medical and pregnancy-related conditions with health outcomes over the life-course.
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Harville EW, Jacobs M, Shu T, Breckner D, Wallace M. Feasibility of Linking Long-Term Cardiovascular Cohort Data to Offspring Birth Records: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Matern Child Health J 2018; 22:858-65. [PMID: 29435783 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2460-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Researchers in perinatal health, as well as other areas, may be interested in linking existing datasets to vital records data when the existence or timing of births is unknown. Methods 5914 women who participated in the Bogalusa Heart Study (1973-2009), a long-running study of cardiovascular health in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, were linked to vital statistics birth data from Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas (1982-2010). Deterministic and probabilistic linkages based on social security number, race, maternal date of birth, first name, last name, and Soundex codes for name were conducted. Characteristics of the linked and unlinked women were compared using t-tests, Chi square tests, and multiple regression with adjustment for age and year of examinations. Results The Louisiana linkage linked 4876 births for 2770 women; Mississippi linked 791 births to 487 women; Texas linked 223 births to 153 women; After removal of duplicates and implausible dates, this left a total of 5922 births to 3260 women. This represents a successful linkage of 55% of all women ever seen in the larger study, and an estimated 65% of all women expected to have given birth. Those linked had more study visits, were more likely to be black, and had statistically lower BMIs than unlinked participants. Discussion Linking unrelated study data to vital records data was feasible to a degree. The linked group had a somewhat more favorable health profile and was less mobile than the overall study population.
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Bhatia A, Ferreira LZ, Barros AJD, Victora CG. Who and where are the uncounted children? Inequalities in birth certificate coverage among children under five years in 94 countries using nationally representative household surveys. Int J Equity Health 2017; 16:148. [PMID: 28821291 PMCID: PMC5562988 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-017-0635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Birth registration, and the possession of a birth certificate as proof of registration, has long been recognized as a fundamental human right. Data from a functioning civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) system allows governments to benefit from accurate and universal data on birth and death rates. However, access to birth certificates remains challenging and unequal in many low and middle-income countries. This paper examines wealth, urban/rural and gender inequalities in birth certificate coverage. Methods We analyzed nationally representative household surveys from 94 countries between 2000 and 2014 using Demographic Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys. Birth certificate coverage among children under five was examined at the national and regional level. Absolute measures of inequality were used to measure inequalities in birth certificate coverage by wealth quintile, urban/rural residence and sex of the child. Results Over four million children were included in the analysis. Birth certificate coverage was over 90% in 29 countries and below 50% in 36 countries, indicating that more than half the children under five surveyed in these countries did not have a birth certificate. Eastern & Southern Africa had the lowest average birth certificate coverage (26.9%) with important variability among countries. Significant wealth inequalities in birth certificate coverage were observed in 74 countries and in most UNICEF regions, and urban/rural inequalities were present in 60 countries. Differences in birth certificate coverage between girls and boys tended to be small. Conclusions We show that wealth and urban/rural inequalities in birth certificate coverage persist in most low and middle income countries, including countries where national birth certificate coverage is between 60 and 80%. Weak CRVS systems, particularly in South Asia and Africa lead rural and poor children to be systematically excluded from the benefits tied to a birth certificate, and prevent these children from being counted in national health data. Greater funding and attention is needed to strengthen CRVS systems and equity analyses should inform such efforts, especially as data needs for the Sustainable Development Goals expand. Monitoring disaggregated data on birth certificate coverage is essential to reducing inequalities in who is counted and registered. Strengthening CRVS systems can enable a child’s right to identity, improve health data and promote equity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12939-017-0635-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiya Bhatia
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Leonardo Zanini Ferreira
- International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Mal. Deodoro, 1160, 3d Floor, Pelotas, RS, 96020-220, Brazil
| | - Aluísio J D Barros
- International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Mal. Deodoro, 1160, 3d Floor, Pelotas, RS, 96020-220, Brazil
| | - Cesar Gomes Victora
- International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Mal. Deodoro, 1160, 3d Floor, Pelotas, RS, 96020-220, Brazil
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Abstract
The establishment of a legal father for children of unmarried parents reflects both high paternity confidence and male willingness to commit to paternal investment. Whether an unmarried man voluntarily acknowledges paternity after a child is born has important consequences for both the mother and child. This paper brings to bear a life history perspective on paternity establishment, noting that men face trade-offs between mating and parental effort and that women will adjust their investment in children based on expected male investment. I predict that paternity establishment will be more likely when the mother has high socioeconomic status, when maternal health is good, and when the child is male, low parity, or a singleton (versus multiple) birth. I further predict that establishment of paternity will be associated with increased maternal investment in offspring, resulting in healthier babies with higher birthweights who are more likely to be breastfed. These predictions are tested using data on 5.4 million births in the United States from 2009 through 2013. Overall the results are consistent with the hypothesis that the trade-offs men face between reproductive and parental investment influence whether men voluntarily acknowledge paternity when a child is born.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kermyt G Anderson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, 521 Dale Hall Tower, 455 West Lindsey, Norman, OK, 73131, USA.
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16
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Shapiro GD, Bushnik T, Sheppard AJ, Kramer MS, Kaufman JS, Yang S. Missing paternal data and adverse birth outcomes in Canada. Health Rep 2016; 27:3-9. [PMID: 28002577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on predictors of birth outcomes tends to focus on maternal characteristics. Less is known about the role of paternal factors. Missing paternal data on administrative records may be a marker for risk of adverse birth outcomes. DATA AND METHODS Analyses were performed on a cohort of births that occurred from May 16, 2004 through May 15, 2006, which was created by linking birth and death registration data with the 2006 Canadian census. Log-binomial and binomial regression were used to estimate relative risks and risk differences for preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age birth, stillbirth and infant mortality associated with the absence of paternal information. Analyses controlled for maternal age, education, household income, parity, marital status, ethnicity and birthplace. RESULTS The analyses pertained to 135,285 singleton births. Paternal data were missing from the birth registration for 7,461 births (4.6%) and from the census data for 17,713 births (11.4%). The adjusted relative risks associated with missing paternal data on the birth registration were 1.12 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.26) for preterm birth; 1.15 (1.05, 1.26) for small-for-gestational-age birth; 1.86 (1.27, 2.73) for stillbirth; and 1.53 (1.00, 2.34) for infant mortality. Estimates were robust to varying definitions of missing paternal information, based on the birth registration, census data, or both. INTERPRETATION This study suggests that missing paternal data is a marker for increased risk of adverse birth outcomes, over and above maternal characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel D Shapiro
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Tracey Bushnik
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | | | - Michael S Kramer
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, and Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Jay S Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Seungmi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
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17
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Cheng ER, Hawkins SS, Rifas-Shiman SL, Gillman MW, Taveras EM. Association of missing paternal demographics on infant birth certificates with perinatal risk factors for childhood obesity. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:453. [PMID: 27411308 PMCID: PMC4944478 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of fathers in the development of obesity in their offspring remains poorly understood. We evaluated associations of missing paternal demographic information on birth certificates with perinatal risk factors for childhood obesity. METHODS Data were from the Linked CENTURY Study, a database linking birth certificate and well-child visit data for 200,258 Massachusetts children from 1980-2008. We categorized participants based on the availability of paternal age, education, or race/ethnicity and maternal marital status on the birth certificate: (1) pregnancies missing paternal data; (2) pregnancies involving unmarried women with paternal data; and (3) pregnancies involving married women with paternal data. Using linear and logistic regression, we compared differences in smoking during pregnancy, gestational diabetes, birthweight, breastfeeding initiation, and ever recording a weight for length (WFL) ≥ the 95th percentile or crossing upwards ≥2 WFL percentiles between 0-24 months among the study groups. RESULTS 11,989 (6.0 %) birth certificates were missing paternal data; 31,323 (15.6 %) mothers were unmarried. In adjusted analyses, missing paternal data was associated with lower birthweight (β -0.07 kg; 95 % CI: -0.08, -0.05), smoking during pregnancy (AOR 4.40; 95 % CI: 3.97, 4.87), non-initiation of breastfeeding (AOR 0.39; 95 % CI: 0.36, 0.42), and with ever having a WFL ≥ 95th percentile (AOR 1.10; 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.20). Similar associations were noted for pregnancies involving unmarried women with paternal data, but differences were less pronounced. CONCLUSIONS Missing paternal data on the birth certificate is associated with perinatal risk factors for childhood obesity. Efforts to understand and reduce obesity risk factors in early life may need to consider paternal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika R Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Health Services Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 West 10th Street, Suite 2000, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Summer Sherburne Hawkins
- Boston College, School of Social Work, McGuinn Hall, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut, Hill, MA, USA
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Department of Population Medicine, Obesity Prevention Program, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew W Gillman
- Department of Population Medicine, Obesity Prevention Program, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elsie M Taveras
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, 125 Nashua Street, Suite 860, Boston, MA, USA.
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Haghighat N, Hu M, Laurent O, Chung J, Nguyen P, Wu J. Comparison of birth certificates and hospital-based birth data on pregnancy complications in Los Angeles and Orange County, California. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16:93. [PMID: 27121857 PMCID: PMC4848813 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-0885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of both gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia is on the rise; however, these pregnancy complications may not be systematically reported. This study aimed to examine differences in reporting of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes between hospital records and birth certificate data, and to determine if such differences vary by maternal socioeconomic status indicators. Methods We obtained over 70,000 birth records from 2001 to 2006 from the perinatal research database of the Memorial Care system, a network of four hospitals in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, California. Memorial birth records were matched to corresponding state birth certificate records and analyzed to determine differential rates of reporting of preeclampsia and diabetes. Additionally, the influence of maternal socioeconomic factors on the reported incidence of such adverse pregnancy outcomes was analyzed. Socioeconomic factors of interest included maternal education levels, race, and type of health insurance (private or public). Results It was found that the birth certificate data significantly underreported the incidence of both preeclampsia (1.38 % vs. 3.13 %) and diabetes (1.97 % vs. 5.56 %) when compared to Memorial data. For both outcomes of interest, the degree of underreporting was significantly higher among women with lower education levels, among Hispanic women compared to Non-Hispanic White women, and among women with public health insurance. Conclusion The Memorial Care database is a more reliable source of information than birth certificate data for analyzing the incidence of preeclampsia and diabetes among women in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, especially for subpopulations of lower socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nekisa Haghighat
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Anteater Instruction & Research Bldg (AIRB) # 2034, 653 East Peltason Drive, Irvine, CA, 92697-3957, USA
| | - Maogui Hu
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Anteater Instruction & Research Bldg (AIRB) # 2034, 653 East Peltason Drive, Irvine, CA, 92697-3957, USA
| | - Olivier Laurent
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Anteater Instruction & Research Bldg (AIRB) # 2034, 653 East Peltason Drive, Irvine, CA, 92697-3957, USA
| | - Judith Chung
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Peter Nguyen
- VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Anteater Instruction & Research Bldg (AIRB) # 2034, 653 East Peltason Drive, Irvine, CA, 92697-3957, USA.
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Ha S, Hu H, Mao L, Roussos-ross D, Roth J, Xu X. Potential selection bias associated with using geocoded birth records for epidemiologic research. Ann Epidemiol 2016; 26:204-11. [PMID: 26907541 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is an increasing use of geocoded birth registry data in environmental epidemiology research. Ungeocoded records are routinely excluded. METHODS We used classification and regression tree analysis and logistic regression to investigate potential selection bias associated with this exclusion among all singleton Florida births in 2009 (n = 210,285). RESULTS The rate of unsuccessful geocoding was 11.5% (n = 24,171). This ranged between 0% and 100% across zip codes. Living in a rural zip code was the strongest predictor of being ungeocoded. Other predictors for geocoding status varied with urbanity status. In urban areas, maternal race (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] ranging between 1.08 for Hispanic and 1.18 for black compared to white), maternal age [aOR: 1.16 (1.10-1.23) for ages 20-34 compared to <20], maternal nativity [aOR: 1.20 (1.15-1.25) for non-US versus US born], delivery at a birth center [aOR: 1.72 (1.49-2.00) compared to hospital delivery], multiparity [aOR: 0.91 (0.88-0.94)], maternal smoking [aOR: 0.82 (0.76-0.88)], and having nonprivate insurance [aOR: 1.25 (1.20-1.30) for Medicaid versus private insurance] were significantly associated with being ungeocoded. In rural areas, births delivered at birth center [aOR: 2.91 (1.80-4.73)] or home [aOR: 1.94 (1.28-2.95)] had increased odds compared to hospital births. The characteristics predictive of being ungeocoded were also significantly associated with adverse birth outcomes such as low birth weight and preterm delivery, and the association for maternal age was different when ungeocoded births were included and excluded. CONCLUSIONS Geocoding status is not random. Women with certain exposure-outcome characteristics may be more likely to be ungeocoded and excluded, indicating potential selection bias.
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Gabriel GP, Chiquetto L, Morcillo AM, Ferreira MDC, Bazan IGM, Daolio LD, Lemos JJR, Carniel EDF. [Evaluation of data on live birth certificates from the Information System on Live Births (SINASC) in Campinas, São Paulo, 2009]. Rev Paul Pediatr 2014; 32:183-8. [PMID: 25479847 PMCID: PMC4227338 DOI: 10.1590/0103-0582201432306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the completeness and reliability of the Information System on Live
Births (Sinasc) data. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the reliability and completeness of Sinasc's data
was performed using a sample of Live Birth Certificate (LBC) from 2009, related to
births from Campinas, Southeast Brazil. For data analysis, hospitals were grouped
according to category of service (Unified National Health System, private or
both), 600 LBCs were randomly selected and the data were collected in LBC-copies
through mothers and newborns' hospital records and by telephone interviews. The
completeness of LBCs was evaluated, calculating the percentage of blank fields,
and the LBCs agreement comparing the originals with the copies was evaluated by
Kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients. Results: The percentage of completeness of LBCs ranged from 99.8%-100%. For the most items,
the agreement was excellent. However, the agreement was acceptable for marital
status, maternal education and newborn infants' race/color, low for prenatal
visits and presence of birth defects, and very low for the number of deceased
children. Conclusion: The results showed that the municipality Sinasc is reliable for most of the
studied variables. Investments in training of the professionals are suggested in
an attempt to improve system capacity to support planning and implementation of
health activities for the benefit of maternal and child population.
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Searles Nielsen S, Dills RL, Glass M, Mueller BA. Accuracy of prenatal smoking data from Washington State birth certificates in a population-based sample with cotinine measurements. Ann Epidemiol 2013; 24:236-9. [PMID: 24461931 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the accuracy of smoking data in contemporary U.S. birth certificates. METHODS We compared data on prenatal smoking as reported on Washington State birth certificates to cotinine measured in archived newborn screening dried blood spots for 200 infants born in 2007 (100 randomly selected from births to self-reported nonsmokers and 100 born to self-reported smokers). We estimated the sensitivity of the birth certificate data to identify prenatal smokers and the precision with which self-identified third trimester smokers report smoking levels. RESULTS Infants born to two (2%) mothers who reported they did not smoke during the pregnancy had whole blood cotinine concentrations consistent with active smoking by the mother (sensitivity 85%). Sensitivity of the birth certificate to identify reported smokers who continued to smoke throughout pregnancy was similar (89%). Among self-identified third trimester smokers whose infants' specimens were collected shortly after delivery, Spearman rho between infant cotinine and maternal-reported cigarettes/day in the third trimester was 0.54. CONCLUSIONS Birth certificates may represent a viable option for assessing prenatal smoking status, and possibly smoking cessation and level among smokers, in epidemiologic studies sufficiently powered to overcome a moderate amount of exposure measurement error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Searles Nielsen
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Public Health Sciences Division, Seattle, WA.
| | - Russell L Dills
- Environmental Health Laboratory and Trace Organics Analysis Center, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael Glass
- Washington State Department of Health, Newborn Screening Program, Shoreline, WA
| | - Beth A Mueller
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Public Health Sciences Division, Seattle, WA
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Jurek AM, Greenland S. Adjusting for multiple-misclassified variables in a study using birth certificates. Ann Epidemiol 2013; 23:515-20. [PMID: 23800408 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Birth certificates are a convenient source of population data for epidemiologic studies. It is well documented, however, that birth certificate data can be highly inaccurate. Nonetheless, studies based on birth certificates are routinely analyzed without accounting for sources of data errors. We focused on the association between maternal cigarette smoking and cleft lip and palate based on birth certificate data. METHODS We adjusted odds ratio estimates simultaneously for exposure and outcome misclassification. We also calculated odds ratios adjusted for exposure misclassification only and outcome misclassification only. RESULTS Adjustment for both maternal smoking during pregnancy and clefting resulted in adjusted odds ratios that ranged from less than 1.0 to much greater than the unadjusted estimate of 1.16, with most adjusted estimates outside of the 95% confidence limits (1.01, 1.33). CONCLUSIONS Because of the potentially large impact of birth certificate classification errors, we suggest that inferences from these or similar records employ quantitative methods for incorporating uncertainties caused by data errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Jurek
- Center for Healthcare Research & Innovation, Allina Health, Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA.
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