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Awad OI, Zhou B, Chen Z, Kadirgama K, Mohammed M, Ramasamy D. Influence of PODE1 additive into ethanol-gasoline blends (E10) on fuel properties and phase stability. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22364. [PMID: 38034680 PMCID: PMC10687212 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODEn, n = 1-8) as an oxygenated fuel are a promising alternative fuel with a high oxygen concentration, a low C:H ratio, and no C-C bonds in their chemical structure. This could lead to smoke-free combustion. In this study, we chose to focus on PODE1 because of its lower cetane number, which makes it more suitable for use in spark ignition (SI) engines. However, its lower boiling point and octane number remain challenges. A low boiling point may lead to high vapour pressure and require storage and handling comparable to gaseous fuels. We investigated the effect of adding PODE1 to gasoline-ethanol blends (E10) on fuel properties, including distillation curve, octane number, phase stability, C/O/H ratio, heat of combustion, kinematic viscosity, and density. Our results showed that the blended fuels of E10 and PODE1 are stable up to 10 % PODE1, and there was no phase separation. Additionally, up to 10 % PODE1 additive had no significant side effect on the fuel properties of E10, particularly boiling point and octane number. Thus, work offers creative points by proposing a new candidate for additive fuel to gasoline-ethanol blends, which contributes to reducing the soot emission of GDI engines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar I. Awad
- School of Mechanics and Electronics Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Kirkuk/College of Engineering, Kirkuk City, Iraq
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Gulf University, 26489, Bahrain
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, China, Shenzhen
| | - Zhenbin Chen
- School of Mechanics and Electronics Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Kumaran Kadirgama
- Almaaqal University, College of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Basra, 61003, Iraq
- Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - M.N. Mohammed
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Gulf University, 26489, Bahrain
| | - D. Ramasamy
- Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia
- Advanced Nano Coolant-Lubricant (ANCL) Lab, Automotive Engineering Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia
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Ahmed H, Saleh A, Ismail R, M RS, Alameri A. Computational analysis for eccentric neighborhood Zagreb indices and their significance. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17998. [PMID: 37519713 PMCID: PMC10372232 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a novel eccentric neighborhood degree-based topological indices, termed eccentric neighborhood Zagreb indices, have been conceptualized and its discriminating power investigated with regard to the predictability of the boiling point of the chemical substances. The discriminating power of the eccentric neighborhood Zagreb indices was compared with that of Wiener and eccentric connectivity indices. Some explicit results for those new indices for some graphs and graph operations such as join, disjunction, composition, and symmetric difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Ahmed
- Department of Mathematics, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
- Department of Mathematics, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Anwar Saleh
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashad Ismail
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Mahayl Assir, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruby Salestina M
- Department of Mathematics, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
| | - Abdu Alameri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Yemen
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Park SY, Lee HJ, Khim JS, Kim GB. Identification of genotoxic compounds in crude oil using fractionation according to distillation, polarity and K ow. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 114:1159-1163. [PMID: 28341152 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We examined the degree of DNA damage caused by fractions of crude oil in accordance with the boiling points, polarity and log Kow. Relatively high DNA damage was observed in the aromatic fraction (290-330°C) and resin and polar fraction (350-400°C). The resin and polar fraction showed relatively high genotoxicity compared with the aliphatic and aromatic fraction at the 1-4 log Kow range. At the 6-7 log Kow range, the aromatic fraction showed relatively high DNA damage compared with the aliphatic and resin and polar fraction. In particular, every detailed fraction in accordance with the log Kow values (aliphatic and aromatic (310-320°C) and resins and polar fractions (370-380°C)) showed one or less than one DNA damage. However, the fractions before separation in accordance with log Kow values (aliphatic and aromatic (310-320°C) and resin and polar (370-380°C) fractions) showed high DNA damage. Thus, we confirm the synergistic action between the detailed compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yeong Park
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Lee
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Republic of Korea; Institute of Marine Industry College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Beum Kim
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Republic of Korea; Institute of Marine Industry College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Republic of Korea.
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Ukwuani AT, Tao W. Developing a vacuum thermal stripping - acid absorption process for ammonia recovery from anaerobic digester effluent. Water Res 2016; 106:108-115. [PMID: 27697680 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To prevent acetoclastic methanogens from ammonia inhibition in anaerobic digestion of protein-rich substrates, ammonia needs to be removed or recovered from digestate. This paper presents an innovative ammonia recovery process that couples vacuum thermal stripping with acid absorption. Ammonia is stripped out of digestate boiling at a temperature below the normal boiling point due to vacuum. Stripped ammonia is absorbed to a sulfuric acid solution, forming ammonium sulfate crystals as a marketable product. Three common types of digestate were found to have boiling point temperature-vacuum curves similar to water. Seven combinations of boiling temperature and vacuum (50 °C 16.6 kPa, 58 °C 20.0 kPa, 65 °C 25.1 kPa, 70 °C 33.6 kPa, 80 °C 54.0 kPa, 90 °C 74.2 kPa, and 100 °C 101.3 kPa) were tested for batch stripping of ammonia in dairy manure digestate. 93.3-99.9% of ammonia was stripped in 3 h. The Lewis-Whitman model fitted ammonia stripping process well. Ammonia mass transfer coefficient was significantly higher at boiling temperature 65-100 °C and vacuum pressure 25.1-101.3 kPa than 50-58 °C and 16.6-20.0 kPa. The low ammonia saturation concentrations (0-24 mg N/L) suggested a large driving force to strip ammonia. The optimum boiling point temperature - vacuum pressure for ammonia recovery in a recirculation line of a mesophilic digester was 65 °C and 25.1 kPa, at which the ammonia mass transfer coefficient was as high as 37.3 mm/h. Installation of a demister and liquid trap could avoid negative effects of higher stripping temperature and stronger vacuum on formation of ammonium sulfate crystals. Pilot tests demonstrated that high-purity ammonium sulfate crystals could be produced by controlling sulfuric acid content and maintaining acid solution saturated with ammonium sulfate. Although volatile organic compounds such as cyclohexene were found in the final acid solutions, no volatile organic compounds were found in the recovered crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anayo T Ukwuani
- Department of Environmental Resources Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, 1 Forestry Dr., Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Wendong Tao
- Department of Environmental Resources Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, 1 Forestry Dr., Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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Admire B, Lian B, Yalkowsky SH. Estimating the physicochemical properties of polyhalogenated aromatic and aliphatic compounds using UPPER: part 1. Boiling point and melting point. Chemosphere 2015; 119:1436-1440. [PMID: 25022475 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The UPPER (Unified Physicochemical Property Estimation Relationships) model uses enthalpic and entropic parameters to estimate 20 biologically relevant properties of organic compounds. The model has been validated by Lian and Yalkowsky on a data set of 700 hydrocarbons. The aim of this work is to expand the UPPER model to estimate the boiling and melting points of polyhalogenated compounds. In this work, 19 new group descriptors are defined and used to predict the transition temperatures of an additional 1288 compounds. The boiling points of 808 and the melting points of 742 polyhalogenated compounds are predicted with average absolute errors of 13.56 K and 25.85 K, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Admire
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Bo Lian
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Samuel H Yalkowsky
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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