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Wu P, Liu XW, Feng L, Jiang WD, Kuang SY, Tang L, Shi HQ, Zhou XQ, Liu Y. (2-Carboxyethyl) dimethylsulfonium bromide supplementation in non-fish meal diets for on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Beneficial effects on immune function of the immune organs via modulation of NF-κB and TOR signalling pathway. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 107:309-323. [PMID: 33096248 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The immune function of immune organs is extremely crucial for maintaining organism health status, which ultimately affects fish growth. Our previous study has found that dietary supplementation of (2-carboxyethyl)dimethylsulfonium Bromide (Br-DMPT) in non-fish meal (NFM) diet could promote the growth of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), whereas the underlying reason or mechanism for this results is largely unclear. Herein, we further explored whether dietary supplementation of Br-DMPT promoted fish growth is connected with the enhanced immune function in the immune organs (the head kidney, spleen and skin). In this study, 540 fish (216.49 ± 0.29 g) were irregularly distributed to six groups with three replicates (30 fish replicate-1) and fed corresponding diets group containing a fish meal (FM) diet group and five different NFM diets supplemented with gradational Br-DMPT (0-520.0 mg/kg level) group for 60 days. After the 60-days feeding trial, 8 fish from each replicate were selected and then conducted a challenge test with A. hydrophila for 14 days. Our results indicated that in the NFM diets, appropriate Br-DMPT: (1) significantly decreased the morbidity of skin haemorrhage and lesion after A. hydrophila infection (P < 0.05). (2) significantly improved the innate and adaptive immune components (lysozyme, complement 3, immunoglobulin M and antibacterial peptides et al.) (P < 0.05). (3) increased the gene expressions of main anti-inflammatory cytokines partially by referring to TOR signalling pathway, and decreased the gene expressions of main pro-inflammatory cytokines partially by referring to NF-kB signalling pathway (P < 0.05). Strikingly, no statistical difference could be found in the most of above immune parameters between 260.0 mg/kg Br-DMPT diet group and FM diet group (P > 0.05). Taken together, in non-fish meal diet, appropriate supplementation of Br-DMPT could improve the disease resistance capacity, non-specific immunity and ameliorate inflammation, and simultaneously could mitigate these adverse effects induced by the non-fish meal diet in fish immune organs. Moreover, this study may be helpful to decipher the underlying mechanisms of how Br-DMPT promote fish growth by immune organs and also provide scientific theoretical evidence for the future application of Br-DMPT as a new immunopotentiator in aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xing-Wei Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - He-Qun Shi
- Guangzhou Cohoo Biotech Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510635, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
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