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Hernández-Vásquez R, Córdova García U, Barreto AMB, Rojas MLR, Ponce-Meza J, Saavedra-López M. An Overview on Electrophysiological and Neuroimaging Findings in Dyslexia. Iran J Psychiatry 2023; 18:503-509. [PMID: 37881421 PMCID: PMC10593994 DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v18i4.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Dyslexia is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition that is characterized by inaccurate and slow word recognition. This article reviews neural correlates of dyslexia from both electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies. Method : In this brief review, we provide electrophysiological and neuroimaging evidence from electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in dyslexia to understand functional and structural brain changes in this condition. Results: In both electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies, the most frequently reported functional impairments in dyslexia include aberrant activation of the left hemisphere occipito-temporal cortex (OTC), temporo-parietal cortex (TPC), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and cerebellar areas. EEG studies have mostly highlighted the important role of lower frequency bands in dyslexia, especially theta waves. Furthermore, neuroimaging studies have suggested that dyslexia is related to functional and structural impairments in the left hemisphere regions associated with reading and language, including reduced grey matter volume in the left TPC, decreased white matter connectivity between reading networks, and hypo-activation of the left OTC and TPC. In addition, neural evidence from pre-reading children and infants at risk for dyslexia show that there are abnormalities in the dyslexic brain before learning to read begins. Conclusion: Advances in comprehending the neural correlates of dyslexia could bring closer translation from basic to clinical neuroscience and effective rehabilitation for individuals who struggle to read. However, neuroscience still has great potential for clinical translation that requires further research.
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Aoki S, Ito T. A cognitive psychological approach for tooth identification based on brain event-related potentials. J Oral Biosci 2022; 64:303-311. [PMID: 35452810 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When perceiving a tooth, visual information, such as the tooth's morphology and feature areas, are projected onto the retina. The projected visual information is organized and transferred through the thalamus to the visual cortex, where shapes, colors, and sizes are analyzed. Thereafter, the information is contrasted with previous memories and experiences and finally recognized as the tooth. A variety of approaches, including cerebral physiology, psychology, and cognitive science are useful to understand how the brain recognizes and differentiates the teeth. Our research group has been studying event-related potentials (ERPs), which are known to be affected by psychological factors such as attention, retrieval, and memory. Herein, we describe the use of a cognitive psychological approach for tooth identification using the P300 latency, amplitude, and appearance patterns of ERP waveform components as indicators. CONCLUSION Tooth identification is based on the characteristic parameters of the object, which are matched with the knowledge stored in the brain, and the last steps of tooth identification are made through various cognitive activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Aoki
- Department of Dental Diagnosis, School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Nihon University 2-870-1, Sakae-cho-Nishi, Matsudo-shi, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan.
| | - Takanori Ito
- Department of Dental Diagnosis, School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Nihon University 2-870-1, Sakae-cho-Nishi, Matsudo-shi, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
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Samadzadehaghdam N, MakkiAbadi B, Eqlimi E, Mohagheghian F, Khajehpoor H, Harirchian MH. Developing a Multi-channel Beamformer by Enhancing Spatially Constrained ICA for Recovery of Correlated EEG Sources. J Biomed Phys Eng 2021; 11:205-214. [PMID: 33937127 PMCID: PMC8064133 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Brain source imaging based on electroencephalogram (EEG) data aims to recover the neuron populations’ activity producing the scalp potentials. This procedure is known as the EEG inverse problem. Recently, beamformers have gained a lot of consideration in the EEG inverse problem. Objective: Beamformers lack acceptable performance in the case of correlated brain sources. These sources happen when some regions of the brain have simultaneous or correlated activities such as auditory stimulation or moving left and right extremities of the body at the same time. In this paper, we have developed a multichannel beamformer robust to correlated sources. Material and Methods: In this simulation study, we have looked at the problem of brain source imaging and beamforming from a blind source separation point of view. We focused on the spatially constraint independent component analysis (scICA) algorithm, which generally benefits from the pre-known partial information of mixing matrix, and modified the steps of the algorithm in a way that makes it more robust to correlated sources. We called the modified scICA algorithm Multichannel ICA based EEG Beamformer (MIEB). Results: We evaluated the proposed algorithm on simulated EEG data and compared its performance quantitatively with three algorithms scICA, linearly-constrained minimum-variance (LCMV) and Dual-Core beamformers; it is considered that the latter is specially designed to reconstruct correlated sources. Conclusion: The MIEB algorithm has much better performance in terms of normalized mean squared error in recovering the correlated/uncorrelated sources both in noise free and noisy synthetic EEG signals. Therefore, it could be used as a robust beamformer in recovering correlated brain sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Samadzadehaghdam
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- PhD, Department of Medical Bioengineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahador MakkiAbadi
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- PhD, Research Center for Biomedical Technology and Robotics (RCBTR), Institute of Advanced Medical Technologies (IAMT), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Eqlimi
- PhD Candidate, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- PhD Candidate, Research Center for Biomedical Technology and Robotics (RCBTR), Institute of Advanced Medical Technologies (IAMT), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Mohagheghian
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Khajehpoor
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- PhD, Research Center for Biomedical Technology and Robotics (RCBTR), Institute of Advanced Medical Technologies (IAMT), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Harirchian
- MD, Iranian Centre of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jee S. Brain Oscillations and Their Implications for Neurorehabilitation. Brain Neurorehabil 2021; 14:e7. [PMID: 36742108 PMCID: PMC9879411 DOI: 10.12786/bn.2021.14.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activities, which can be observed at all levels of the central nervous system (CNS). The large-scale oscillations measured by electroencephalography have long been used in clinical practice and may have a potential for the usage in neurorehabilitation for people with various CNS disorders. The recent advancement of computational neuroscience has opened up new opportunities to explore clinical application of the results of neural oscillatory activity analysis to evaluation and diagnosis; monitoring the rehab progress; prognostication; and personalized rehabilitation planning in neurorehabilitation. In addition, neural oscillation is catching more attention to its role as a target of noninvasive neuromodulation in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungju Jee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.,Daejeon Chungcheong Regional Medical Rehabilitation Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.,Daejeon Chungcheong Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
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Navid MS, Niazi IK, Lelic D, Nedergaard RB, Holt K, Amjad I, Drewes AM, Haavik H. Investigating the Effects of Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation on EEG in Stroke Patients. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10050253. [PMID: 32349288 PMCID: PMC7288271 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10050253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
: Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of chiropractic spinal manipulation on the early somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) recorded from chronic stroke patients. Methods: Seventeen male patients (53 ± 12 years old) participated in this randomized cross-over study. The patients received chiropractic spinal manipulation and control intervention, in random order, separated by at least 24 hours. EEG was recorded before and after each intervention during rest and stimulation of the non-paretic median nerve. For resting-state EEG, the delta-alpha ratio, brain-symmetry index, and power-spectra were calculated. For SEPs, the amplitudes and latencies of N20 and N30 peaks were assessed. Source localization was performed on the power-spectra of resting-state EEG and the N30 SEP peak. Results: Following spinal manipulation, the N30 amplitude increased by 39%, which was a significant increase compared to the control intervention (p < 0.01). The latency and changes to the strength of the cortical sources underlying the N30 peak were not significant. The N20 peak, the resting-state power-spectra, delta-alpha ratio, brain-symmetry index, and resting-state source localization showed no significant changes after either intervention. Conclusion: A single session of chiropractic spinal manipulation increased the amplitude of the N30 SEP peak in a group of chronic stroke patients, which may reflect changes to early sensorimotor function. More research is required to investigate the long-term effects of chiropractic spinal manipulation, to better understand what impact it may have on the neurological function of stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Samran Navid
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (M.S.N.); (D.L.); (R.B.N.); (A.M.D.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand; (K.H.); (I.A.); (H.H.)
| | - Imran Khan Niazi
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand; (K.H.); (I.A.); (H.H.)
- Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland 0627, New Zealand
- Centre for Sensory-Motor Interactions, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-9-3939-875
| | - Dina Lelic
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (M.S.N.); (D.L.); (R.B.N.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Rasmus Bach Nedergaard
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (M.S.N.); (D.L.); (R.B.N.); (A.M.D.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand; (K.H.); (I.A.); (H.H.)
| | - Kelly Holt
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand; (K.H.); (I.A.); (H.H.)
| | - Imran Amjad
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand; (K.H.); (I.A.); (H.H.)
- Riphah College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
| | - Asbjørn Mohr Drewes
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (M.S.N.); (D.L.); (R.B.N.); (A.M.D.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Heidi Haavik
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand; (K.H.); (I.A.); (H.H.)
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Calomeni MR, Furtado da Silva V, Velasques BB, Feijó OG, Bittencourt JM, Ribeiro de Souza E Silva AP. Modulatory Effect of Association of Brain Stimulation by Light and Binaural Beats in Specific Brain Waves. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2017; 13:134-144. [PMID: 29238390 PMCID: PMC5712641 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901713010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction One of the positive effects of brain stimulation is interhemispheric modulation as shown in some scientific studies. This study examined if a type of noninvasive stimulation using binaural beats with led-lights and sound would show different modulatory effects upon Alfa and SMR brain waves of elderlies and children with some disease types. Subjects The sample included 75 individuals of both genders, being, randomly, divided in 6 groups. Groups were named elderly without dementia diagnosis (EWD), n=15, 76±8 years, elderly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (EDP), n=15, 72±7 years, elderly diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (EDA), n=15, 81±6 years. The other groups were named children with Autism (CA), n=10, 11±4 years, children with Intellectual Impairment (CII), n=10, 12 ±5 years and children with normal cognitive development (CND), n=10, 11±4 years. Instruments and procedure Instruments were the Mini Mental State Examination Test (MMSE), EEG-Neurocomputer instrument for brain waves registration, brain stimulator, Digit Span Test and a Protocol for working memory training. Data collection followed a pre and post-conjugated stimulation version. Results The results of the inferential statistics showed that the stimulation protocol had different effects on Alpha and SMR brain waves of the patients. Also, indicated gains in memory functions, for both, children and elderlies as related to gains in brain waves modulation. Conclusion The results may receive and provide support to a range of studies examining brain modulation and synaptic plasticity. Also, it was emphasized in the results discussion that there was the possibility of the technique serving as an accessory instrument to alternative brain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Rocha Calomeni
- PhD Program in Mental Health, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Brandão Velasques
- PhD Program in Mental Health, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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