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Rather BA, Mir IR, Masood A, Anjum NA, Khan NA. Ethylene-nitrogen synergism induces tolerance to copper stress by modulating antioxidant system and nitrogen metabolism and improves photosynthetic capacity in mustard. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:49029-49049. [PMID: 35212900 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to test the efficiency of ethylene (Eth; 200 µL L-1 ethephon) in presence or absence of nitrogen (N; 80 mg N kg-1 soil) in protecting photosynthetic apparatus from copper (Cu; 100 mg Cu kg-1 soil) stress in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and to elucidate the physio-biochemical modulation for Eth plus N-induced Cu tolerance. Elevated Cu-accrued reductions in photosynthesis and growth were accompanied by significantly higher Cu accumulation in leaves and oxidative stress with reduced assimilation of N and sulfur (S). Ethylene in coordination with N considerably reduced Cu accumulation, lowered lipid peroxidation, lignin accumulation, and contents of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, and superoxide anion, O2•-), and mitigated the negative effect of Cu on N and S assimilation, accumulation of non-protein thiols and phytochelatins, enzymatic, and non-enzymatic antioxidants (activity of ascorbate peroxidase, APX, and glutathione reductase, GR; content of reduced glutathione, GSH, and ascorbate, AsA), cell viability, photosynthesis, and growth. Overall, the effect of ethylene-nitrogen synergism was evident on prominently mitigating Cu stress and protecting photosynthesis. The approach of supplementing ethylene with N may be used as a potential tool to restrain Cu stress, and protect photosynthesis and growth of mustard plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal A Rather
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Iqbal R Mir
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Asim Masood
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Naser A Anjum
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Nafees A Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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Guo Y, Gao H, Ma H, Du C, Zhang D, Wang X, Hu S. Characterization of tribenuron-methyl-induced male sterility in Brassica juncea L. Breed Sci 2021; 71:538-549. [PMID: 35087318 PMCID: PMC8784348 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Significant heterosis has been documented in Brassica juncea L. that are grown as agriculturally important oilseeds, vegetables and condiments crops. Male sterility induced by chemical hybridizing agents is an important pollination control system in hybrid crop breeding. Herein, we show that tribenuron-methyl (TBM), a sulfonylurea herbicide, is an effective male gametocide in B. juncea when used at a very low dosage. In the present study, foliar application of various rates of TBM induced a significant increase in pollen sterility in B. juncea (90.57-100%). TBM-treated plants exhibited reductions in size of floral organ and yield components; however, lower dose of TBM (0.075 g a.i. ha-1) did not cause a significant reduction in seed yield per plant. Tapetum cells of TBM-treated plants were hypertrophied and degenerated earlier, and abnormal meiosis was observed at the meiotic stage. A significant decrease of acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) activities was detected in buds of plants treated with 0.10 g a.i. ha-1 TBM, and RT-qPCR analysis showed that TBM exposure perturbed AHAS expression in small buds, which support that TBM induces male sterility in B. juncea by targeting AHAS expression. Our results suggest that TBM could be used as an efficient chemical hybridization agent in B. juncea, which has practical implications for the application of hybrid breeding in B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huhu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huaiying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chunlei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dongsuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shengwu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Shen S, Tang Y, Zhang C, Yin N, Mao Y, Sun F, Chen S, Hu R, Liu X, Shang G, Liu L, Lu K, Li J, Qu C. Metabolite Profiling and Transcriptome Analysis Provide Insight into Seed Coat Color in Brassica juncea. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7215. [PMID: 34281271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The allotetraploid species Brassica juncea (mustard) is grown worldwide as oilseed and vegetable crops; the yellow seed-color trait is particularly important for oilseed crops. Here, to examine the factors affecting seed coat color, we performed a metabolic and transcriptomic analysis of yellow- and dark-seeded B. juncea seeds. In this study, we identified 236 compounds, including 31 phenolic acids, 47 flavonoids, 17 glucosinolates, 38 lipids, 69 other hydroxycinnamic acid compounds, and 34 novel unknown compounds. Of these, 36 compounds (especially epicatechin and its derivatives) accumulated significantly different levels during the development of yellow- and dark-seeded B. juncea. In addition, the transcript levels of BjuDFR, BjuANS,BjuBAN, BjuTT8, and BjuTT19 were closely associated with changes to epicatechin and its derivatives during seed development, implicating this pathway in the seed coat color determinant in B. juncea. Furthermore, we found numerous variations of sequences in the TT8A genes that may be associated with the stability of seed coat color in B. rapa, B. napus, and B. juncea, which might have undergone functional differentiation during polyploidization in the Brassica species. The results provide valuable information for understanding the accumulation of metabolites in the seed coat color of B. juncea and lay a foundation for exploring the underlying mechanism.
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Chen L, Long C, Wang D, Yang J. Phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd) and uranium (U) contaminated soils by Brassica juncea L. enhanced with exogenous application of plant growth regulators. Chemosphere 2020; 242:125112. [PMID: 31669993 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This investigation was made to examine the role of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin A3 (GA3), 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA), and 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) in improving stress tolerance and phytoremediation of the cadmium (Cd) and uranium (U) by mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The optimum concentrations of IAA, GA3, 6-BA, and EBL were determined based on plant biomass production, metal uptake, translocation, and removal efficiency. The biomass and total chlorophyll content decreased under Cd and U stress. Nevertheless, the application of IAA, GA3, and 6-BA significantly (p < 0.05) increased the growth and total chlorophyll content of mustard. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 content of mustard were enhanced under Cd and U stress, but they were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in plant growth regulators (PGRs) treatments (except for EBL). PGRs treatments increased activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, thus reducing the oxidative stress. Furthermore, the shoot uptake of Cd and U of IAA and EBL treatments was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of other treatments. IAA and EBL also have more significant effects on the translocation and remediation of Cd and U compared to GA3 and 6-BA. The removal efficiency of Cd and U reached the maximum in the 500 mg L-1 IAA treatment, which was 330.77% and 118.61% greater than that in the control (CK), respectively. These results suggested that PGRs could improve the stress tolerance and efficiency of phytoremediation using B. juncea in Cd- and U- contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, PR China; College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Chan Long
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Jinyan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China.
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Gurajala HK, Cao X, Tang L, Ramesh TM, Lu M, Yang X. Comparative assessment of Indian mustard ( Brassica juncea L.) genotypes for phytoremediation of Cd and Pb contaminated soils. Environ Pollut 2019; 254:113085. [PMID: 31494406 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal removal by phytoremediation bears a great potential to decontaminate soils and Brassica juncea L. (Indian mustard) seems to be a possible candidate species for this purpose. A field experiment was conducted to compare the efficiency of eighty Indian mustard cultivars for phytoextraction of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from bimetal contaminated soil. Our results indicated that total Cd and Pb concentrations in the shoots and roots were in the range of 2.43 ± 0.00 to 0.31 ± 0.02 mg/kg and 2.94 ± 0.05 to 0.44 ± 0.03 mg/kg and 5.33 ± 0.76 to 0.47 ± 0.20 mg/kg and 3.78 ± 0.06 to 0.16 ± 0.08 mg/kg. Significant differences based on the translocation factors indicated that root-to-shoot transfer is higher for Pb (3.87 ± 0.12 to 0.48 ± 0.03) than Cd (3.38 ± 0.05 to 0.22 ± 0.01). Furthermore, significant correlations between dry weights, Cd and Pb concentrations and uptake in both shoots and roots were observed, but translocation factor showed a negative correlation with roots, but not in shoots. Among 80 genotypes of Indian mustard IM-25, IM-13 and IM-65 for Cd and IM-79, IM-24 and IM-32 for Pb seems to perform well for phytoextraction. The results of the field experiment suggest that certain Brassica juncea L. cultivars are suitable for removal of Cd and Pb in low to moderately contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanumanth Kumar Gurajala
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuerui Cao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Tang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Thanusree Mallakuntla Ramesh
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Lu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Forján R, Rodríguez-Vila A, Cerqueira B, Covelo EF. Effects of compost and technosol amendments on metal concentrations in a mine soil planted with Brassica juncea L. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:19713-19727. [PMID: 29736648 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mining activities often cause important impacts on soil and water quality. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of amendments (compost and technosol made from waste) on metal concentrations in a mine soil planted with Brassica juncea. A greenhouse experiment with cylinder pots was carried out during 11 months. The mine soil was collected from the settling pond of the depleted copper mine of Touro (Galicia, Northwest Spain). A series of characteristics were analysed including soil pseudototal metal concentrations, soil CaCl2-extractable (phytoavailable) metal concentrations and metal concentrations in soil pore water. The results showed that at depth 0-15 cm SCP (mine soil + compost, grown with B. juncea) had a significantly lower CaCl2-extractable Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn concentration than STP (mine soil + technosol, grown with B. juncea) over the time (P < 0.05). At depths 15, 30 and 45 cm, STP and SCP had lower Cu pore water concentration than S over the time. The highest translocation factor (TF) values for all metals (Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn) were observed at time 1 (3 months) in the settling pond soils treated with technosol and B. juncea L. The conclusions of this experiment revealed that SCP compared to STP caused a higher reduction on Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn phytoavailable concentrations in the first depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Forján
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Rodríguez-Vila
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cerqueira
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Emma F Covelo
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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Yu L, Zhu J, Huang Q, Su D, Jiang R, Li H. Application of a rotation system to oilseed rape and rice fields in Cd-contaminated agricultural land to ensure food safety. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2014; 108:287-293. [PMID: 25108175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This field experiment analyzed the phytoremediation effects of oilseed rape in moderately cadmium (Cd)-contaminated farmland and the food safety of successive rice in an oilseed rape-rice rotation system. Two oilseed rape cultivars accumulated Cd at different rates. The rapeseed cultivar Zhucang Huazi exhibited high Cd accumulation rates, higher than the legal limit for human consumption (0.2mgkg(-1)); Cd concentrations in the cultivar Chuanyou II-93 were all below the maximum allowed level. Planting oilseed rape increased the uptake of Cd by the successive rice crop compared with a previous fallow treatment. Most Cd concentrations of brown rice were below the maximum allowed level. The phytoextraction efficiency was lower in the moderately Cd-contaminated soil in field experiments. The results suggest screening rice cultivars with lower Cd accumulation can assure the food safety; the mobilization of heavy metals by roots of different plant species should be considered during crop rotation to assure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Junyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Dechun Su
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Rongfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Huafen Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People׳s Republic of China.
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