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Jiang S, Wen Z, Ahn SS, Cai K, Paech D, Eberhart CG, Zhou J. Applications of chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging in identifying genetic markers in gliomas. NMR Biomed 2023; 36:e4731. [PMID: 35297117 PMCID: PMC10557022 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging is an important molecular magnetic resonance imaging technique that can image numerous low-concentration biomolecules with water-exchangeable protons (such as cellular proteins) and tissue pH. CEST, or more specially amide proton transfer-weighted imaging, has been widely used for the detection, diagnosis, and response assessment of brain tumors, and its feasibility in identifying molecular markers in gliomas has also been explored in recent years. In this paper, after briefing on the basic principles and quantification methods of CEST imaging, we review its early applications in identifying isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation status, MGMT methylation status, 1p/19q deletion status, and H3K27M mutation status in gliomas. Finally, we discuss the limitations or weaknesses in these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jiang
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhibo Wen
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sung Soo Ahn
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kejia Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Paech
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinic for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jinyuan Zhou
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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2
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Zhou J, Zaiss M, Knutsson L, Sun PZ, Ahn SS, Aime S, Bachert P, Blakeley JO, Cai K, Chappell MA, Chen M, Gochberg DF, Goerke S, Heo HY, Jiang S, Jin T, Kim SG, Laterra J, Paech D, Pagel MD, Park JE, Reddy R, Sakata A, Sartoretti-Schefer S, Sherry AD, Smith SA, Stanisz GJ, Sundgren PC, Togao O, Vandsburger M, Wen Z, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu W, Zu Z, van Zijl PCM. Review and consensus recommendations on clinical APT-weighted imaging approaches at 3T: Application to brain tumors. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:546-574. [PMID: 35452155 PMCID: PMC9321891 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) MR imaging shows promise as a biomarker of brain tumor status. Currently used APTw MRI pulse sequences and protocols vary substantially among different institutes, and there are no agreed-on standards in the imaging community. Therefore, the results acquired from different research centers are difficult to compare, which hampers uniform clinical application and interpretation. This paper reviews current clinical APTw imaging approaches and provides a rationale for optimized APTw brain tumor imaging at 3 T, including specific recommendations for pulse sequences, acquisition protocols, and data processing methods. We expect that these consensus recommendations will become the first broadly accepted guidelines for APTw imaging of brain tumors on 3 T MRI systems from different vendors. This will allow more medical centers to use the same or comparable APTw MRI techniques for the detection, characterization, and monitoring of brain tumors, enabling multi-center trials in larger patient cohorts and, ultimately, routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Zhou
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Phillip Zhe Sun
- Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sung Soo Ahn
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Silvio Aime
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Peter Bachert
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jaishri O Blakeley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kejia Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael A Chappell
- Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences and Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel F Gochberg
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Physics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hye-Young Heo
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - John Laterra
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Paech
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinic for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mark D Pagel
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Advance Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Akihiko Sakata
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Seth A Smith
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Greg J Stanisz
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pia C Sundgren
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology/Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Osamu Togao
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Zhibo Wen
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongliang Zu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
Amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging is a molecular MR imaging technique that can detect the concentration of the amide protons in mobile cellular proteins and peptides or a pH change in vivo. Previous studies have indicated that APTw MR imaging can be used to detect malignant brain tumors, stroke, and other neurologic diseases, although the clinical application in pediatric patients remains limited. The authors briefly introduce the basic principles of APTw imaging. Then, they review early clinical applications of this approach to pediatric central nervous system diseases, including pediatric brain development, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, intracranial infection, and brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nan Li Shi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhou
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Park 336, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nan Li Shi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100045, China.
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Pavuluri K, Rosenberg JT, Helsper S, Bo S, McMahon MT. Amplified detection of phosphocreatine and creatine after supplementation using CEST MRI at high and ultrahigh magnetic fields. J Magn Reson 2020; 313:106703. [PMID: 32179431 PMCID: PMC7197212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Creatine is an important metabolite involved in muscle contraction. Administration of exogenous creatine (Cr) or phosphocreatine (PCr) has been used for improving exercise performance and protecting the heart during surgery including during valve replacements, coronary artery bypass grafting and repair of congenital heart defects. In this work we investigate whether it is possible to use chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI to monitor uptake and clearance of exogenous creatine and phosphocreatine following supplementation. We were furthermore interested in determining the limiting conditions for distinguishing between creatine (1.9 ppm) and phosphocreatine (2.6 ppm) signals at ultra-high fields (21 T) and determine their concentrations could be reliably obtained using Bloch equation fits of the experimental CEST spectra. We have tested these items by performing CEST MRI of hind limb muscle and kidneys at 11.7 T and 21.1 T both before and after intravenous administration of PCr. We observed up to 4% increase in contrast in the kidneys at 2.6 ppm which peaked ~30 min after administration and a relative ratio of 1.3 in PCr:Cr signal. Overall, these results demonstrate the feasibility of independent monitoring of PCr and Cr concentration changes using CEST MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- KowsalyaDevi Pavuluri
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 991 N. Broadway Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jens T Rosenberg
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CIMAR, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Shannon Helsper
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CIMAR, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Shaowei Bo
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 991 N. Broadway Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael T McMahon
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 991 N. Broadway Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N. Broadway Ave., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Yu L, Li C, Luo X, Zhou J, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Chen M. Differentiation of Malignant and Benign Head and Neck Tumors with Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted MR Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 21:348-355. [PMID: 29987616 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively evaluate the feasibility and capability of amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging for the characterization of head and neck tumors. PROCEDURES Twenty-nine consecutive patients with suspected head and neck tumors were enrolled in this study and underwent APTw magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a 3.0-T MRI scanner. The patients were divided into malignant (n = 16) and benign (n = 13) groups, based on pathological results. A map of magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry at 3.5 ppm [MTRasym (3.5 ppm)] was generated for each patient. Interobserver agreement was evaluated and comparisons of MTRasym (3.5 ppm) were made between the malignant and benign groups. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the appropriate threshold value of MTRasym (3.5 ppm) for the differentiation of malignant from benign tumors. RESULTS The intraclass correlation coefficients of the malignant and benign groups were 0.96 and 0.90, respectively, which indicated a good interobserver agreement. MTRasym (3.5 ppm) was significantly higher for the malignant group (3.66 ± 1.15 %) than for the benign group (1.94 ± 0.93 %, P < 0.001). APTw MRI revealed an area under the curve of 0.904 in discriminating these two groups, with a sensitivity of 81.3 %, a specificity of 92.3 %, and an accuracy of 86.2 %, at the threshold of 2.62 % of MTRasym (3.5 ppm). CONCLUSIONS APTw MRI is feasible for use in the head and neck tumors and is a valuable imaging biomarker for distinguishing malignant from benign lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 Da-Hua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 Da-Hua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaojie Luo
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 Da-Hua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Park 336, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 Da-Hua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, No. 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 Da-Hua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100730, China.
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6
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Zhang X, Yuan Y, Li S, Zeng Q, Guo Q, Liu N, Yang M, Yang Y, Liu M, McMahon MT, Zhou X. Free-base porphyrins as CEST MRI contrast agents with highly upfield shifted labile protons. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:577-585. [PMID: 30968442 PMCID: PMC7294594 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE CEST has become a preeminent technology for the rapid detection and grading of tumors, securing its widespread use in both laboratory and clinical research. However, many existing CEST MRI agents exhibit a sensitivity limitation due to small chemical shifts between their exchangeable protons and water. We propose a new group of CEST MRI agents, free-base porphyrins and chlorin, with large exchangeable proton chemical shifts from water for enhanced detection. METHODS To test these newly identified CEST agents, we acquired a series of Z-spectra at multiple pH values and saturation field strengths to determine their CEST properties. The data were analyzed using the quantifying exchange using saturation power method to quantify exchange rates. After identifying several promising candidates, a porphyrin solution was injected into tumor-bearing mice, and MR images were acquired to assess detection feasibility in vivo. RESULTS Based on the Z-spectra, the inner nitrogen protons in free-base porphyrins and chlorin resonate from -8 to -13.5 ppm from water, far shifted from the majority of endogenous metabolites (0-4 ppm) and Nuclear Overhauser enhancements (-1 to -3.5 ppm) and far removed from the salicylates, imidazoles, and anthranillates (5-12 ppm). The exchange rates are sufficiently slow to intermediate (500-9000 s-1 ) to allow robust detection and were sensitive to substituents on the porphyrin ring. CONCLUSION These results highlight the capabilities of free-base porphyrins and chlorin as highly upfield CEST MRI agents and provide a new scaffold that can be integrated into a variety of diagnostic or theranostic agents for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaping Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sha Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingbin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianni Guo
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunhuang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Michael T. McMahon
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Zhou J, Heo HY, Knutsson L, van Zijl PCM, Jiang S. APT-weighted MRI: Techniques, current neuro applications, and challenging issues. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 50:347-364. [PMID: 30663162 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging is a molecular MRI technique that generates image contrast based predominantly on the amide protons in mobile cellular proteins and peptides that are endogenous in tissue. This technique, the most studied type of chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging, has been used successfully for imaging of protein content and pH, the latter being possible due to the strong dependence of the amide proton exchange rate on pH. In this article we briefly review the basic principles and recent technical advances of APTw imaging, which is showing promise clinically, especially for characterizing brain tumors and distinguishing recurrent tumor from treatment effects. Early applications of this approach to stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury are also illustrated. Finally, we outline the technical challenges for clinical APT-based imaging and discuss several controversies regarding the origin of APTw imaging signals in vivo. Level of Evidence: 3 Technical Efficacy Stage: 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:347-364.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Zhou
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hye-Young Heo
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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8
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Sehgal AA, Li Y, Lal B, Yadav NN, Xu X, Xu J, Laterra J, van Zijl PCM. CEST MRI of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose uptake and accumulation in brain tumors. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:1993-2000. [PMID: 30206994 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE 3-O-Methyl-D-glucose (3-OMG) is a nonmetabolizable structural analog of glucose that offers potential to be used as a CEST-contrast agent for tumor detection. Here, we explore it for CEST-detection of malignant brain tumors and compare it with D-glucose. METHODS Glioma xenografts of a U87-MG cell line were implanted in five mice. Dynamic 3-OMG weighted images were collected using CEST-MRI at 11.7 T at a single offset of 1.2 ppm, showing the effect of accumulation of the contrast agent in the tumor, following an intravenous injection of 3-OMG (3 g/kg). RESULTS Tumor regions showed higher enhancement as compared to contralateral brain. The CEST contrast enhancement in the tumor region ranged from 2.5-5.0%, while it was 1.5-3.5% in contralateral brain. Previous D-glucose studies of the same tumor model showed an enhancement of 1.5-3.0% and 0.5-1.5% in tumor and contralateral brain, respectively. The signal gradually stabilized to a value that persisted for the length of the scan. CONCLUSIONS 3-OMG shows a CEST contrast enhancement that is approximately twice as much as that of D-glucose for a similar tumor line. In view of its suggested low toxicity and transport properties across the BBB, 3-OMG provides an option to be used as a nonmetallic contrast agent for evaluating brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Ashvani Sehgal
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yuguo Li
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bachchu Lal
- Department of Neurology, Oncology, and Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins Medicine, and The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nirbhay N Yadav
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiang Xu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jiadi Xu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Laterra
- Department of Neurology, Oncology, and Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins Medicine, and The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
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Li C, Chen M, Zhao X, Wang R, Chen H, Su W, Li S, Lou B, Song G, Zhang S, Zhang J, Zhou J. Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MRI Signal Loss of the Substantia Nigra as an Imaging Biomarker to Evaluate the Diagnosis and Severity of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:489. [PMID: 28912676 PMCID: PMC5583514 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the accurate evaluation of disease severity are crucial for intervention and treatment in PD patients. In this study, we applied chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging to patients at different stages of PD and explored the clinical value of the CEST signal loss of the substantia nigra as an imaging biomarker of PD. The measured CEST signal intensities (including amide proton transfer-weighted or APTw, and total CEST or CESTtotal) of the substantia nigra in PD patients showed a significantly decreased tendency with PD progression. Compared to normal controls, the APTw and CESTtotal intensities of PD patients significantly decreased at both the early and advanced or late stages. These APTw and CESTtotal values of the substantia nigra were also significantly lower in advanced or late stage PD patients than in early stage PD patients. For PD patients with unilateral symptoms, the APTw and CESTtotal values in the substantia nigra on the affected side were significantly lower than those in normal controls. Both the APTw and CESTtotal values of PD were significantly correlated with the severity of disease and disease duration. Our findings suggest that the CEST MRI signal of the substantia nigra is a potential imaging biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of the severity of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyBeijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyBeijing, China
| | - Xuna Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyBeijing, China
| | - Haibo Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyBeijing, China
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyBeijing, China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyBeijing, China
| | - Baohui Lou
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyBeijing, China
| | - Guodong Song
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyBeijing, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyBeijing, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyBeijing, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD, United States
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Haneder S, Konstandin S. [Functional MRI 2.0. ²³Na and CEST imaging]. Radiologe 2016; 56:159-69. [PMID: 26796336 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-015-0071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years the purely morphological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been increasingly flanked by so-called functional imaging methods, such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), to obtain additional information about tissue or pathological processes. This review article presents two MR techniques that can detect physiological processes in the human body. In contrast to all other functional MR imaging techniques, which are based on hydrogen protons, the first technique presented (X-nuclei imaging) uses the spin of other nuclei for imaging and consequently allows a completely different insight into the human body. In this article X-nuclei imaging is focused on sodium ((23)Na) MRI because it currently represents the main focus of research in this field due to the favorable MR properties of sodium. The second MR technique presented is the relatively novel chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging that can detect exchange processes between protons in metabolites and protons in free water. The first part of this article introduces the basic technical principles, problems, advantages and disadvantages of these two MR techniques, whereas the second part highlights the potential clinical applications. Examples illustrate several potential applications in neuroimaging (e. g. stroke and tumors), musculoskeletal imaging (e. g. osteoarthritis and degenerative processes) and abdominal imaging (e. g. kidneys and hypertension). Both techniques inherently contain an incredible potential for future imaging but are still on the threshold of clinical use and are currently under evaluation in many university centers.
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Zhang Y, Heo HY, Lee DH, Zhao X, Jiang S, Zhang K, Li H, Zhou J. Selecting the reference image for registration of CEST series. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 43:756-61. [PMID: 26268435 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare different reference images selected for registration among chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) series. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five normal volunteers and eight brain tumor patients were studied on a 3 Tesla scanner. Image registration was performed by choosing each of the acquired CEST saturation or unsaturation dynamic images as the reference. CEST images at 3.5 ppm (amide proton transfer, APT) were computed for each motion-corrected data set after main magnetic field inhomogeneity correction. A uniformity index was defined to quantify the efficacy of image registration using different reference images. Joint histograms and the structural similarity index (SSIM) were used to analyze the intrinsic image similarity between various dynamic images. RESULTS Image registration increased the average uniformity index by 18% if the 3.5 ppm saturated image was selected as the reference image. However, registering to the unsaturated dynamic image reduced the uniformity index by 13% on average. The joint histogram analysis showed that the saturated dynamic images were highly similar (SSIM = 0.89 ± 0.01), and were considerably different from the unsaturated dynamic image (SSIM = 0.58 ± 0.03). CONCLUSION The selection of the 3.5 ppm dynamic image as the reference image generated the highest uniformity index for APT imaging though other saturated images were equally suited as reference images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hye-Young Heo
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dong-Hoon Lee
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xuna Zhao
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Haiyun Li
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jinyuan Zhou
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Wang M, Hong X, Chang CF, Li Q, Ma B, Zhang H, Xiang S, Heo HY, Zhang Y, Lee DH, Jiang S, Leigh R, Koehler RC, van Zijl PCM, Wang J, Zhou J. Simultaneous detection and separation of hyperacute intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral ischemia using amide proton transfer MRI. Magn Reson Med 2015; 74:42-50. [PMID: 25879165 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the capability of amide proton transfer (APT) imaging in the detection of hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes using preclinical rat models. METHODS The rat intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model (n = 10) was induced by injecting bacterial collagenase VII-S into the caudate nucleus, and the permanent ischemic stroke model (n = 10) was induced by using a 4-0 nylon suture to occlude the origin of the middle cerebral artery. APT-weighted (APTw) MRI was acquired on a 4.7T animal imager and quantified using the magnetization transfer-ratio asymmetry at 3.5 ppm from water. RESULTS There was a consistently high APTw MRI signal in hyperacute ICH during the initial 12 h after injection of collagenase compared with the contralateral brain tissue. When hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke were compared, hyperacute ICH and cerebral ischemia demonstrated opposite APTw MRI contrasts-namely, hyperintense versus hypointense compared with contralateral brain tissue, respectively. There was a stark contrast in APTw signal intensity between these two lesions. CONCLUSION APT-MRI could accurately detect hyperacute ICH and distinctly differentiate hyperacute ICH from cerebral ischemia, thus opening up the possibility of introducing to the clinic a single MRI scan for the simultaneous visualization and separation of hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes at the hyperacute stage. Magn Reson Med 74:42-50, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyun Wang
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaohua Hong
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Che-Feng Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bo Ma
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sinan Xiang
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hye-Young Heo
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dong-Hoon Lee
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard Leigh
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jinyuan Zhou
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Tsitovich PB, Spernyak JA, Morrow JR. A redox-activated MRI contrast agent that switches between paramagnetic and diamagnetic states. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13997-4000. [PMID: 24222651 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel B Tsitovich
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260 (USA)
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Yang X, Song X, Li Y, Liu G, Banerjee SR, Pomper MG, McMahon MT. Salicylic acid and analogues as diaCEST MRI contrast agents with highly shifted exchangeable proton frequencies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8116-9. [PMID: 23794432 PMCID: PMC3819166 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 991 N. Broadway Baltimore, Maryland 21287 (USA)
| | - Xiaolei Song
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 991 N. Broadway Baltimore, Maryland 21287 (USA)
| | - Yuguo Li
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 991 N. Broadway Baltimore, Maryland 21287 (USA)
| | - Guanshu Liu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 991 N. Broadway Baltimore, Maryland 21287 (USA); F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N. Broadway Ave., Baltimore, Maryland 21287 (USA)
| | - Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 991 N. Broadway Baltimore, Maryland 21287 (USA)
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 991 N. Broadway Baltimore, Maryland 21287 (USA)
| | - Michael T. McMahon
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 991 N. Broadway Baltimore, Maryland 21287 (USA); F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N. Broadway Ave., Baltimore, Maryland 21287 (USA)
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15
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Zhou J, Hong X, Zhao X, Gao JH, Yuan J. APT-weighted and NOE-weighted image contrasts in glioma with different RF saturation powers based on magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry analyses. Magn Reson Med 2013; 70:320-7. [PMID: 23661598 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the saturation-power dependence of amide proton transfer (APT)-weighted and nuclear Overhauser enhancement-weighted image contrasts in a rat glioma model at 4.7 T. METHODS The 9L tumor-bearing rats (n = 8) and fresh chicken eggs (n = 4) were scanned on a 4.7-T animal magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Z-spectra over an offset range of ±6 ppm were acquired with different saturation powers, followed by the magnetization transfer-ratio asymmetry analyses around the water resonance. RESULTS The nuclear Overhauser enhancement signal upfield from the water resonance (-2.5 to -5 ppm) was clearly visible at lower saturation powers (e.g., 0.6 µT) and was larger in the contralateral normal brain tissue than in the tumor. Conversely, the APT effect downfield from the water resonance was maximized at relatively higher saturation powers (e.g., 2.1 µT) and was larger in the tumor than in the contralateral normal brain tissue. The nuclear Overhauser enhancement decreased the APT-weighted image signal, based on the magnetization transfer-ratio asymmetry analysis, but increased the APT-weighted image contrast between the tumor and contralateral normal brain tissue. CONCLUSION The APT and nuclear Overhauser enhancement image signals in tumor are maximized at different saturation powers. The saturation power of roughly 2 μT is ideal for APT-weighted imaging at clinical B0 field strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Zhou J, Zhu H, Lim M, Blair L, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Messina SA, Eberhart CG, Pomper MG, Laterra J, Barker PB, van Zijl PCM, Blakeley JO. Three-dimensional amide proton transfer MR imaging of gliomas: Initial experience and comparison with gadolinium enhancement. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 38:1119-28. [PMID: 23440878 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility of a three-dimensional amide-proton-transfer (APT) imaging sequence with gradient- and spin-echo readouts at 3 Tesla in patients with high- or low-grade gliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen patients with newly diagnosed gliomas were recruited. After B0 inhomogeneity correction on a voxel-by-voxel basis, APT-weighted images were reconstructed using a magnetization-transfer-ratio asymmetry at offsets of ±3.5 ppm with respect to the water resonance. Analysis of variance post hoc tests were used for statistical evaluations, and results were validated with pathology. RESULTS In six patients with gadolinium-enhancing high-grade gliomas, enhancing tumors on the postcontrast T1 -weighted images were consistently hyperintense on the APT-weighted images. Increased APT-weighted signal intensity was also clearly visible in two pathologically proven, high-grade gliomas without gadolinium enhancement. The average APT-weighted signal was significantly higher in the lesions than in the contralateral normal-appearing brain tissue (P < 0.001). In six low-grade gliomas, including two with gadolinium enhancement, APT-weighted imaging showed iso-intensity or mild punctate hyperintensity within all the lesions, which was significantly lower than that seen in the high-grade gliomas (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The proposed three-dimensional APT imaging sequence can be incorporated into standard brain MRI protocols for patients with malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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