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Yulug B, Ayyıldız B, Ayyıldız S, Sayman D, Salar AB, Cankaya S, Ozdemir Oktem E, Ozsimsek A, Kurt CC, Lakadamyalı H, Akturk A, Altay Ö, Hanoglu L, Velioglu HA, Mardinoglu A. Infection with COVID-19 is no longer a public emergency: But what about degenerative dementia? J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29072. [PMID: 37724347 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Although no longer considered a public health threat, post-COVID cognitive syndrome continues to impact on a considerable proportion of individuals who were infected with COVID-19. Recent studies have also suggested that COVID may be represent a critical risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We compared 17 COVID patients with 20 controls and evaluated the effects of COVID-19 on general cognitive performance, hippocampal volume, and connections using structural and seed-based connectivity analysis. We showed that COVID patients exhibited considerably worse cognitive functioning and increased hippocampal connectivity supported by the strong correlation between hippocampal connectivity and cognitive scores. Our findings of higher hippocampal connectivity with no observable hippocampal morphological changes even in mild COVID cases may be represent evidence of a prestructural compensatory mechanism for stimulating additional neuronal resources to combat cognitive dysfunction as recently shown for the prodromal stages of degenerative cognitive disorders. Our findings may be also important in light of recent data showing that other viral infections as well as COVID may constitute a critical risk factor for the development of AD. To our knowledge, this is the first study that investigated network differences in COVID patients, with a particular focus on compensatory hippocampal connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Yulug
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Behçet Ayyıldız
- Anatomy PhD Program, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Ayyıldız
- Anatomy PhD Program, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dila Sayman
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ali Behram Salar
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Seyda Cankaya
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ece Ozdemir Oktem
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozsimsek
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Cagla Ceren Kurt
- Department of Physiotherapy, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Lakadamyalı
- Department of Radiology, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aynur Akturk
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Özlem Altay
- KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lutfu Hanoglu
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil Aziz Velioglu
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- King's College London, Faculty of Dentistry, London, UK
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Pasiwat AB, Ampati BAC. Spontaneous subdural hematoma in a young COVID-19-confirmed patient without comorbidities: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2023; 11:2050313X231185951. [PMID: 37431489 PMCID: PMC10331113 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x231185951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of acute subdural hematomas are due to trauma, and cases of spontaneous subdural hematoma are rare. This report aims to provide an overview of subdural hematoma associated with COVID-19 virus. We described a case of a 22-year-old female without comorbidities and confirmed COVID-19 with spontaneous subdural hematoma on non-contrast computed tomography scan. This was the first case encountered in our hospital. There is no published cases yet in the Philippines. Mechanisms linking cerebrovascular events to COVID-19 are hypothesized. First, it has been postulated that COVID virus is neurotropic toward angiotensinogen-converting enzyme-2 receptors and it can invade and directly damage cerebral vessels. Second, entry of the virus into the cells results in marked reduction in angiotensinogen-converting enzyme-2 levels which could contribute to the development of intracranial hemorrhage. Third, COVID-19 patients usually develop a systemic hyperinflammatory syndrome characterized by fulminant hypercytokinemia which may mediate vascular remodeling and predispose to intracranial hemorrhage. COVID infection should be considered as one of the differentials in patients presenting with neurological symptom. More research needs to be performed to understand the pathogenic mechanisms behind each of these disorders and better treat such patients with suitable drugs in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armi B Pasiwat
- Armi B Pasiwat, Luis Hora Memorial Regional Hopsital, Bauko, Mt. Province, CAR 2621, Philippines.
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Moyers SA, Hartwell M, Chiaf A, Greiner B, Oliver JA, Croff JM. Associations of Combustible Cigarette, Electronic Cigarette, and Dual Use With COVID Infection and Severity in the U.S.: A Cross-sectional Analysis of the 2021 National Health Information Survey. Tob Use Insights 2023; 16:1179173X231179675. [PMID: 37324057 PMCID: PMC10262671 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x231179675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the potential respiratory health risks, the association of COVID infection and the use of combustible cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), and concurrent dual use is a priority for public health. Many published reports have not accounted for known covarying factors. This study sought to calculate adjusted odds ratios for self-reported COVID infection and disease severity as a function of smoking and ENDS use, while accounting for factors known to influence COVID infection and disease severity (i.e., age, sex, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status and educational attainment, rural or urban environment, self-reported diabetes, COPD, coronary heart disease, and obesity status). Data from the 2021 U.S. National Health Interview Survey, a cross-sectional questionnaire design, were used to calculate both unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for self-reported COVID infection and severity of symptoms. Results indicate that combustible cigarette use is associated with a lower likelihood of self-reported COVID infection relative to non-use of tobacco products (AOR = .64; 95% CI [.55, .74]), whereas ENDS use is associated with a higher likelihood of self-reported COVID infection (AOR = 1.30; 95% CI [1.04, 1.63]). There was no significant difference in COVID infection among dual users (ENDS and combustible use) when compared with non-users. Adjusting for covarying factors did not substantially change the results. There were no significant differences in COVID disease severity between those of varying smoking status. Future research should examine the relationship between smoking status and COVID infection and disease severity utilizing longitudinal study designs and non-self-report measures of smoking status (e.g., the biomarker cotinine), COVID infection (e.g., positive tests), and disease severity (e.g., hospitalizations, ventilator assistance, mortality, and ongoing symptoms of long COVID).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susette A Moyers
- Center for Rural Health, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Micah Hartwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Ashleigh Chiaf
- Center for Rural Health, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Benjamin Greiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jason A Oliver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Julie M Croff
- Center for Rural Health, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Divas R, Prabhat R, Rohit R, Sanjay CA, Sushan H, Bijaya R. Covishield vaccination and pulmonary thromboembolism: A coincidence or a causal association? Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7468. [PMID: 37305866 PMCID: PMC10248195 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
With the eruption of COVID pandemic, many cases of thromboembolic events in association with the COVID infection were reported suggesting the prothrombotic state associated with the infection. After a few years, eventually some of the COVID vaccines came into implementation. With the discovery and implementation of COVID vaccinations, a very few cases have been reported to have developed thromboembolic events, including pulmonary thromboembolism. Different types of vaccines have been associated with different rates of thromboembolic events. Covishield vaccine is rarely associated with thrombotic complications. In the case report below, we present a case summary of a young married female, who presented with shortness of breath a week after the Covishield vaccination and presented to our tertiary care center with further worsening of symptoms during a course of 6 months. On detailed workup, she was diagnosed to have a large pulmonary thrombus affecting the left main pulmonary artery. Other possible etiologies of the hypercoagulable states were ruled out. Though COVID vaccines are known to induce prothrombotic state in the body, we could not be sure if it was the actual cause for the pulmonary thromboembolism or just a coincidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijal Divas
- Department of Critical Care MedicineTribhuvan University Teaching HospitalMaharajgu, KathmanduNepal
| | - Rijal Prabhat
- Department of Internal MedicineAll India Institute of Medical SciencesRishikeshUttarakhandIndia
| | - Raina Rohit
- Department of Internal MedicineAll India Institute of Medical SciencesRishikeshUttarakhandIndia
| | - Chaudhari Ashish Sanjay
- Department of Internal MedicineAll India Institute of Medical SciencesRishikeshUttarakhandIndia
| | - Homagain Sushan
- Department of Critical Care MedicineTribhuvan University Teaching HospitalMaharajgu, KathmanduNepal
| | - Rawol Bijaya
- Department of Critical Care MedicineTribhuvan University Teaching HospitalMaharajgu, KathmanduNepal
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Al-Smadi AS, Bhatnagar A, Ali R, Lewis N, Johnson S. Correlation of chest radiography findings with the severity and progression of COVID-19 pneumonia. Clin Imaging 2021; 71:17-23. [PMID: 33166898 PMCID: PMC7644185 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aim is to assess the temporal changes and prognostic value of chest radiograph (CXR) in COVID-19 patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a retrospective study of confirmed COVID-19 patients presented to the emergency between March 07-17, 2020. Clinical & radiological findings were reviewed. Clinical outcomes were classified into critical & non-critical based on severity. Two independent radiologists graded frontal view CXRs into COVID-19 pneumonia category 1 (CoV-P1) with <4 zones and CoV-P2 with ≥4 zones involvement. Interobserver agreement of CoV-P category for the CXR preceding the clinical outcome was assessed using Kendall's τ coefficient. Association between CXR findings and clinical deterioration was calculated along with temporal changes of CXR findings with disease progression. RESULTS Sixty-two patients were evaluated for clinical features. 56 of these (total: 325 CXRs) were evaluated for radiological findings. Common patterns were progression from lower to upper zones, peripheral to diffuse involvement, & from ground glass opacities to consolidation. Consolidations starting peripherally were noted in 76%, 93% and 48% with critical outcomes, respectively. The interobserver agreement of the CoV-P category of CXRs in the critical and non-critical outcome groups were good and excellent, respectively (τ coefficient = 0.6 & 1.0). Significant association was observed between CoV-P2 and clinical deterioration into a critical status (χ2 = 27.7, p = 0.0001) with high sensitivity (95%) and specificity (71%) within a median interval time of 2 days (range: 0-4 days). CONCLUSION Involvement of predominantly 4 or more zones on frontal chest radiograph can be used as predictive prognostic indicator of poorer outcome in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas S Al-Smadi
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Akash Bhatnagar
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rehan Ali
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Nicholas Lewis
- Department of Radiology, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Samuel Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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