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Liu Z, Zeinalzadeh Z, Huang T, Han Y, Peng L, Wang D, Zhou Z, Ousmane D, Wang J. Mitochondria-related chemoradiotherapy resistance genes-based machine learning model associated with immune cell infiltration on the prognosis of esophageal cancer and its value in pan-cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 42:101896. [PMID: 38324960 PMCID: PMC10851222 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer, known for its high incidence and low five-year survival rate, poses significant treatment challenges. A key aspect of this challenge is the close link between mitochondria and resistance to chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Currently, there is a scarcity of biomarkers for predicting CRT response and prognosis in esophageal cancer. Our study addresses this gap by developing a prognostic model that incorporates mitochondria-related CRT resistance (MRCRTR) genes, including CTSL, TBL1X, CLN8, MMP1, PDPN, and MRPL37. Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves reveals that patients with high MRCRTR scores have lower survival rates than those with low scores. Utilizing a nomogram, we successfully predict the one-, two-, and three-year overall survival rates for esophageal cancer patients. Cox regression analysis confirms the MRCRTR score as an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, our single-cell and correlation analyses suggested that MRCRTR genes might influence CRT resistance by modulating the immune microenvironment and impacting angiogenesis. Our pan-cancer analysis also indicates the potential applicability of MRCRTR scores to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The validation of these findings, conducted with samples from Xiang-ya Hospital, aligns closely with our bioinformatics results. Our study not only explores the role of MRCRTR genes in predicting the prognosis of esophageal cancer but also enhances the understanding of the interplay between CRT, mitochondria, and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Ultrapathology (Biomedical Electron Microscopy) Center, Department of Pathology, Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zahra Zeinalzadeh
- Department of Pathology, Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Pathology, Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yingying Han
- Department of Pathology, Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lushan Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zongjiang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Diabate Ousmane
- Department of Pathology, Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Junpu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Ultrapathology (Biomedical Electron Microscopy) Center, Department of Pathology, Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Kumar M, Patel K, Chinnapparaj S, Sharma T, Aggarwal A, Singla N, Karthigeyan M, Singh A, Sahoo SK, Tripathi M, Takkar A, Gupta T, Pal A, Attri SV, Bansal YS, Ratho RK, Gupta SK, Khullar M, Vashishta RK, Mukherjee KK, Grover VK, Prasad R, Chatterjee A, Gowda H, Bhagat H. Dysregulated Genes and Signaling Pathways in the Formation and Rupture of Intracranial Aneurysm. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01178-w. [PMID: 37644376 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) has the potential to rupture. Despite scientific advances, we are still not in a position to screen patients for IA and identify those at risk of rupture. It is critical to comprehend the molecular basis of disease to facilitate the development of novel diagnostic strategies. We used transcriptomics to identify the dysregulated genes and understand their role in the disease biology. In particular, RNA-Seq was performed in tissue samples of controls, unruptured IA, and ruptured IA. Dysregulated genes (DGs) were identified and analyzed to understand the functional aspects of molecules. Subsequently, candidate genes were validated at both transcript and protein level. There were 314 DGs in patients with unruptured IA when compared to control samples. Out of these, SPARC and OSM were validated as candidate molecules in unruptured IA. PI3K-AKT signaling pathway was found to be an important pathway for the formation of IA. Similarly, 301 DGs were identified in the samples of ruptured IA when compared with unruptured IAs. CTSL was found to be a key candidate molecule which along with Hippo signaling pathway may be involved in the rupture of IA. We conclude that activation of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway by OSM along with up-regulation of SPARC is important for the formation of IA. Further, regulation of Hippo pathway through PI3K-AKT signaling results in the down-regulation of YAP1 gene. This along with up-regulation of CTSL leads to further weakening of aneurysm wall and its subsequent rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munish Kumar
- Division of Neuro-anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Krishna Patel
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Shobia Chinnapparaj
- Division of Neuro-anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Tanavi Sharma
- Division of Neuro-anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Aggarwal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navneet Singla
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhivanan Karthigeyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Apinderpreet Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sushanta Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manjul Tripathi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aastha Takkar
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Tulika Gupta
- Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arnab Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Savita Verma Attri
- Pediatric Biochemistry, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yogender Singh Bansal
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Radha Kanta Ratho
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil K Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhu Khullar
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Vashishta
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kanchan Kumar Mukherjee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Grover
- Division of Neuro-anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Hemant Bhagat
- Division of Neuro-anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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3
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Chen C, Wang J, Liu YM, Hu J. Single-cell analysis of adult human heart across healthy and cardiovascular disease patients reveals the cellular landscape underlying SARS-CoV-2 invasion of myocardial tissue through ACE2. J Transl Med 2023; 21:358. [PMID: 37259108 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distribution of ACE2 and accessory proteases (ANAD17 and CTSL) in cardiovascular tissue and the host cell receptor binding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are crucial to understanding the virus's cell invasion, which may play a significant role in determining the viral tropism and its clinical manifestations. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the cell type-specific expression of ACE2, ADAM17, and CTSL in myocardial tissue from 10 patients using RNA sequencing. Our study included a meta-analysis of 2 heart single-cell RNA-sequencing studies with a total of 90,024 cells from 250 heart samples of 10 individuals. We used co-expression analysis to locate specific cell types that SARS-CoV-2 may invade. RESULTS Our results revealed cell-type specific associations between male gender and the expression levels of ACE2, ADAM17, and CTSL, including pericytes and fibroblasts. AGT, CALM3, PCSK5, NRP1, and LMAN were identified as potential accessory proteases that might facilitate viral invasion. Enrichment analysis highlighted the extracellular matrix interaction pathway, adherent plaque pathway, vascular smooth muscle contraction inflammatory response, and oxidative stress as potential immune pathways involved in viral infection, providing potential molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. We also found specific high expression of IFITM3 and AGT in pericytes and differences in the IFN-II signaling pathway and PAR signaling pathway in fibroblasts from different cardiovascular comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated possible high-risk groups for COVID-19 and provided emerging avenues for future investigations of its pathogenesis. TRIAL REGISTRATION (Not applicable).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yong-Mei Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
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4
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Gao F, Wang X, Qin N, Zhang M, Liao M, Zeng M, Lu D, Sha O. The analysis of cathepsin L that mediates cellular SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to COVID-19 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156038. [PMID: 37292206 PMCID: PMC10246451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The vulnerability of the oral cavity to SARS-CoV-2 infection is well-known, and cancer patients are at a higher risk of COVID-19, emphasizing the need to prioritize this patient population. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common malignant cancers associated with early metastasis and poor prognosis. It has been established that cancerous tissues express Cathepsin L (CTSL), a proteinase that regulates cancer progression and SARS-CoV-2 entry. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the correlation between disease outcomes and CTSL expression in cancer tissues and predict the susceptibility of cancer patients to SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we used transcriptomic and genomic data to profile CTSL expression in HNSCC and developed a CTSL signature that could reflect the response of HNSCC patients to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between CTSL expression and immune cell infiltration and established CTSL as a potential carcinogenic factor for HNSCC patients. These findings could aid in understanding the mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of HNSCC patients to SARS-CoV-2 and contribute to the development of therapy for both HNSCC and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Stomatological Research, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nianhong Qin
- Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingfeng Liao
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meiqi Zeng
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Stomatological Research, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Desheng Lu
- Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ou Sha
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Stomatological Research, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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5
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Liu P, Ju M, Zheng X, Jiang Y, Yu X, Pan B, Luo R, Jia W, Zheng M. Methyltransferase-like 3 promotes cervical cancer metastasis by enhancing cathepsin L mRNA stability in an N6-methyladenosine-dependent manner. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:837-854. [PMID: 36382580 PMCID: PMC9986091 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a highly abundant RNA modification in eukaryotic cells. Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), a major protein in the m6A methyltransferase complex, plays important roles in many malignancies, but its role in cervical cancer metastasis remains uncertain. Here, we found that METTL3 was significantly upregulated in cervical cancer tissue, and its upregulation was associated with a poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients. Knockdown of METTL3 significantly reduced cervical cancer cell migration and invasion. Conversely, METTL3 overexpression markedly promoted cervical cancer cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, METTL3 mediated the m6A modification of cathepsin L (CTSL) mRNA at the 5'-UTR, and the m6A reader protein insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) bound to the m6A sites and enhanced CTSL mRNA stability. Our results indicated that METTL3 enhanced CTSL mRNA stability through an m6A-IGF2BP2-dependent mechanism, thereby promoting cervical cancer cell metastasis. These findings provide insights into a novel m6A modification pattern involved in cervical cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingxiu Ju
- Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinan Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingjuan Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoyue Pan
- Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongzhen Luo
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihua Jia
- Biobank of Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Qian F, Xu H, Zhang Y, Li L, Yu R. Methionine deprivation inhibits glioma growth through downregulation of CTSL. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:5004-5018. [PMID: 36504894 PMCID: PMC9729907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of tumor cells is characterized by the regulation of demand, nutrient supply and metabolic enzymes, which are different in cancer tissues from those in corresponding healthy tissues. There is growing evidence that dietary composition influences biological processes that contribute to tumor incidence and progression as much as genetic status. One possibility for specific dietary interventions in cancer patients is to limit methionine intake. The role of methionine metabolism in tumors suggests that interference with the methionine metabolism network by either drug or environmental effects may show substantial therapeutic effects, but the molecular mechanism is not completely clear. In this study, methionine deprivation was found to downregulate cathepsin L (CTSL) and induce proliferation inhibition in glioma cells. We also demonstrated that CTSL is a tumor-related gene, and promotes the proliferation and invasion of glioma. Our results showed that the treatment of methionine metabolism and CTSL related genes in glioma cells may be a novel strategy for glioma therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qian
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China,Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of ChangzhouChangzhou 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoyue Xu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rutong Yu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
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Färber I, Krüger J, Rocha C, Armando F, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Pöhlmann S, Braun A, Baumgärtner W, Runft S, Krüger N. Investigations on SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility of Domestic and Wild Animals Using Primary Cell Culture Models Derived from the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040828. [PMID: 35458558 PMCID: PMC9032458 DOI: 10.3390/v14040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several animal species are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, as documented by case reports and serological and in vivo infection studies. However, the susceptibility of many animal species remains unknown. Furthermore, the expression patterns of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors, such as the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as well as transmembrane protease serine subtype 2 (TMPRSS2) and cathepsin L (CTSL), cellular proteases involved in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein activation, are largely unexplored in most species. Here, we generated primary cell cultures from the respiratory tract of domestic and wildlife animals to assess their susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, the presence of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and CTSL within respiratory tract compartments was investigated in a range of animals, some with unknown susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Productive viral replication was observed in the nasal mucosa explants and precision-cut lung slices from dogs and hamsters, whereas culture models from ferrets and multiple ungulate species were non-permissive to infection. Overall, whereas TMPRSS2 and CTSL were equally expressed in the respiratory tract, the expression levels of ACE2 were more variable, suggesting that a restricted availability of ACE2 may contribute to reduced susceptibility. Summarized, the experimental infection of primary respiratory tract cell cultures, as well as an analysis of entry-factor distribution, enable screening for SARS-CoV-2 animal reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Färber
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (I.F.); (J.K.); (F.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Johannes Krüger
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (I.F.); (J.K.); (F.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Cheila Rocha
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (C.R.); (S.P.); (N.K.)
| | - Federico Armando
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (I.F.); (J.K.); (F.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (C.R.); (S.P.); (N.K.)
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (I.F.); (J.K.); (F.A.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-953-8620; Fax: +49-511-953-8675
| | - Sandra Runft
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (I.F.); (J.K.); (F.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Nadine Krüger
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (C.R.); (S.P.); (N.K.)
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8
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Dong Q, Li Q, Duan L, Wang H, Yan Y, Yin H, Niu L, Zhang H, Wang B, Yuan G, Pan Y. Expressions and significances of CTSL, the target of COVID-19 on GBM. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:599-608. [PMID: 34807310 PMCID: PMC8607410 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03843-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Cathepsin L (CTSL) is a kind of the SARS-entry-associated CoV-2's proteases, which plays a key role in the virus's entry into the cell and subsequent infection. We investigated the association between the expression level of CTSL and overall survival in Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients, to better understand the possible route and risks of new coronavirus infection for patients with GBM. Methods The expression level of CTSL in GBM was analyzed using TCGA and CGGA databases. The relationship between CTSL and immune infiltration levels was analyzed by means of the TIMER database. The impact of CTSL inhibitors on GBM biological activity was tested. Results The findings revealed that GBM tissues had higher CTSL expression levels than that of normal brain tissues, which was associated with a significantly lower survival rate in GBM patients. Meanwhile, the expression level of CTSL negatively correlated with purity, B cell and CD8+ T cell in GBM. CTSL inhibitor significantly reduced growth and induced mitochondrial apoptosis. Conclusion According to the findings, CTSL acts as an independent prognostic factor and can be considered as promising therapeutic target for GBM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-021-03843-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunji Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yawen Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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Constantino FB, Cury SS, Nogueira CR, Carvalho RF, Justulin LA. Prediction of Non-canonical Routes for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Placenta Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:614728. [PMID: 34820418 PMCID: PMC8606885 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.614728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. The data available about COVID-19 during pregnancy have demonstrated placental infection; however, the mechanisms associated with intrauterine transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is still debated. Intriguingly, while canonical SARS-CoV-2 cell entry mediators are expressed at low levels in placental cells, the receptors for viruses that cause congenital infections such as the cytomegalovirus and Zika virus are highly expressed in these cells. Here we analyzed the transcriptional profile (microarray and single-cell RNA-Seq) of proteins potentially interacting with coronaviruses to identify non- canonical mediators of SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication in the placenta. Despite low levels of the canonical cell entry mediators ACE2 and TMPRSS2, we show that cells of the syncytiotrophoblast, villous cytotrophoblast, and extravillous trophoblast co-express high levels of the potential non-canonical cell-entry mediators DPP4 and CTSL. We also found changes in the expression of DAAM1 and PAICS genes during pregnancy, which are translated into proteins also predicted to interact with coronaviruses proteins. These results provide new insight into the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host proteins that may act as non-canonical routes for SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication in the placenta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Bessi Constantino
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Sarah Santiloni Cury
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Celia Regina Nogueira
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Robson Francisco Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Luis Antonio Justulin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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Thirusangu P, Pathoulas CL, Ray U, Xiao Y, Staub J, Jin L, Khurana A, Shridhar V. Quinacrine-Induced Autophagy in Ovarian Cancer Triggers Cathepsin-L Mediated Lysosomal/Mitochondrial Membrane Permeabilization and Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2004. [PMID: 33919392 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide, and its incidence has been increasing and has continued to prove resistant to a variety of therapeutics. This observation is principally disturbing given the amount of money invested in identifying novel therapies for this disease. A comparatively rapid and economical pipeline for identification of novel drugs is drug repurposing. We reported earlier that the antimalarial drug Quinacrine (QC) also has anticancer activity and here we discovered that QC significantly upregulates cathepsin L (CTSL) and promoting autophagic flux in ovarian cancer. QC-induced CTSL activation promotes lysosomal membrane permeability resulting in active CTSL release into the cytosol, which promotes Bid cleavage, mitochondrial membrane permeability, cytochrome-c release and cell death in both in-vitro and in-vivo models. Therefore, QC is a promising candidate for OC treatment. Abstract We previously reported that the antimalarial compound quinacrine (QC) induces autophagy in ovarian cancer cells. In the current study, we uncovered that QC significantly upregulates cathepsin L (CTSL) but not cathepsin B and D levels, implicating the specific role of CTSL in promoting QC-induced autophagic flux and apoptotic cell death in OC cells. Using a Magic Red® cathepsin L activity assay and LysoTracker red, we discerned that QC-induced CTSL activation promotes lysosomal membrane permeability (LMP) resulting in the release of active CTSL into the cytosol to promote apoptotic cell death. We found that QC-induced LMP and CTSL activation promotes Bid cleavage, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), and mitochondrial cytochrome-c release. Genetic (shRNA) and pharmacological (Z-FY(tBU)-DMK) inhibition of CTSL markedly reduces QC-induced autophagy, LMP, MOMP, apoptosis, and cell death; whereas induced overexpression of CTSL in ovarian cancer cell lines has an opposite effect. Using recombinant CTSL, we identified p62/SQSTM1 as a novel substrate of CTSL, suggesting that CTSL promotes QC-induced autophagic flux. CTSL activation is specific to QC-induced autophagy since no CTSL activation is seen in ATG5 knockout cells or with the anti-malarial autophagy-inhibiting drug chloroquine. Importantly, we showed that upregulation of CTSL in QC-treated HeyA8MDR xenografts corresponds with attenuation of p62, upregulation of LC3BII, cytochrome-c, tBid, cleaved PARP, and caspase3. Taken together, the data suggest that QC-induced autophagy and CTSL upregulation promote a positive feedback loop leading to excessive autophagic flux, LMP, and MOMP to promote QC-induced cell death in ovarian cancer cells.
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Sałkowska A, Karaś K, Karwaciak I, Walczak-Drzewiecka A, Krawczyk M, Sobalska-Kwapis M, Dastych J, Ratajewski M. Identification of Novel Molecular Markers of Human Th17 Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071611. [PMID: 32635226 PMCID: PMC7407666 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells are important players in host defense against pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Bacillus anthracis. Th17 cell-mediated inflammation, under certain conditions in which balance in the immune system is disrupted, is the underlying pathogenic mechanism of certain autoimmune disorders, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, Graves' disease, multiple sclerosis, and psoriasis. In the present study, using transcriptomic profiling, we selected genes and analyzed the expression of these genes to find potential novel markers of Th17 lymphocytes. We found that APOD (apolipoprotein D); C1QL1 (complement component 1, Q subcomponent-like protein 1); and CTSL (cathepsin L) are expressed at significantly higher mRNA and protein levels in Th17 cells than in the Th1, Th2, and Treg subtypes. Interestingly, these genes and the proteins they encode are well associated with the function of Th17 cells, as these cells produce inflammation, which is linked with atherosclerosis and angiogenesis. Furthermore, we found that high expression of these genes in Th17 cells is associated with the acetylation of H2BK12 within their promoters. Thus, our results provide new information regarding this cell type. Based on these results, we also hope to better identify pathological conditions of clinical significance caused by Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sałkowska
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (A.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Kaja Karaś
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (A.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Iwona Karwaciak
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Aurelia Walczak-Drzewiecka
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (A.W.-D.); (J.D.)
| | | | - Marta Sobalska-Kwapis
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
- BBMRI.pl Consortium, 54-066 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Dastych
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (A.W.-D.); (J.D.)
| | - Marcin Ratajewski
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (A.S.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-209-33-89
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12
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Pan T, Jin Z, Yu Z, Wu X, Chang X, Fan Z, Li F, Wang X, Li Z, Zhou Q, Li J, Liu B, Su L. Cathepsin L promotes angiogenesis by regulating the CDP/Cux/VEGF-D pathway in human gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2020; 23:974-987. [PMID: 32388635 PMCID: PMC7567730 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-020-01080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that angiogenesis plays an important role in tumor progression. The function of cathepsin L (CTSL), an endosomal proteolytic enzyme, in promoting tumor metastasis is well recognized. The mechanisms by which CTSL has promoted the angiogenesis of gastric cancer (GC), however, remains unclear. METHODS The nuclear expression levels of CTSL were assessed in GC samples. The effects of CTSL on GC angiogenesis were determined by endothelial tube formation analysis, HUVEC migration assay, and chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The involvement of the CDP/Cux/VEGF-D pathway was analyzed by angiogenesis antibody array, Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS In this study, we found that the nuclear CTSL expression level in GC was significantly higher than that in adjacent nontumor gastric tissues and was a potential important clinical prognostic factor. Loss- and gain-of-function assays indicated that CTSL promotes the tubular formation and migration of HUVEC cells in vitro. The CAM assay also showed that CTSL promotes angiogenesis of GC in vivo. Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that CTSL can proteolytically process CDP/Cux and produce the physiologically relevant p110 isoform, which stably binds to VEGF-D and promotes the transcription of VEGF-D, thus contributing to the angiogenesis of GC. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study suggested that CTSL plays a constructive role in the regulation of angiogenesis in human GC and could be a potential therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Pan
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijian Jin
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenjia Yu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiongyan Wu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Chang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfang Li
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liping Su
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Zhao Y, Shen X, Zhu Y, Wang A, Xiong Y, Wang L, Fei Y, Wang Y, Wang W, Lin F, Liang Z. Cathepsin L-mediated resistance of paclitaxel and cisplatin is mediated by distinct regulatory mechanisms. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:333. [PMID: 31370861 PMCID: PMC6670178 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Cathepsin L (CTSL) is a cysteine protease known to have important roles in regulating cancer cellular resistance to chemotherapy. However mechanism underlying which regulates CTSL-mediated drug resistance remain largely unknown. Methods We used NSCLC cell lines: A549, A549/TAX (paclitaxel-resistant), A549/DDP (cisplatin-resistant), H460 and PC9 cells, to evaluate CTSL and drug resistance changes. Tumor specimens from 53 patients with NSCLC and Xenograft models was also utilized to explore the regulatory relationship of CTSL, TGF-β, Egr-1 and CREB. Results TGF-β and smad3 were overexpressed only in A549/TAX cells, silencing TGF-β or smad3 in A549/TAX cells decreased the expression of CTSL and enhanced their sensitivity to paclitaxel. Smad3 binds to the Smad-binding-element(SBE) of the CTSL promoter, resulting in increased activity of the CTSL promoter and subsequent CTSL. Egr-1 and CREB were overexpressed only in A549/DDP cells, and silencing Egr-1 or CREB reduced the expression of CTSL and increased cisplatin cytotoxicity. CREB could affect the activity of the CTSL promoter by binding to it. And the potential regulatory factors of CTSL were consistent in vivo and in human lung cancer. These different regulatory mechanisms of CTSL-mediated drug resistance exist in two other NSCLC cell lines. Conclusion CTSL-mediated drug resistance to paclitaxel and cisplatin may be modulated by different mechanisms. The results of our study identified different mechanisms regulating CTSL-mediated drug resistance and identified smad3 as a novel regulator of CTSL. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1299-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Ren'ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215000, China.,Department of neurosurgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Ren'ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Ren'ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of neurosurgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yajie Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Ren'ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Ren'ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yao Fei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Ren'ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Ren'ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Ren'ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215000, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Ren'ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Zhongqin Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Ren'ai Road 199, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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14
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Mao Z, Sang MM, Chen C, Zhu WT, Gong YS, Pei DS. CSN6 Promotes the Migration and Invasion of Cervical Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Autophagic Degradation of Cathepsin L. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1310-1324. [PMID: 31223289 PMCID: PMC6567803 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.32987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
CSN6 is one subunit of the highly conserved constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome (CSN), which is overexpressed in many types of cancers, and has received great attention as a regulator of the degradation of cancer-related proteins, suggesting its importance in oncogenic activity. CSN6 has been shown to be overexpressed in cervical cancer (CC) and associated with CC development. CC remains to be one of the most aggressive cancers affecting women. Cathepsin L (CTSL), significantly associated with the autophagy, plays a critical role in degradation of extracellular matrix for metastasis. However, the detailed biological functions of CSN6 on CTSL in CC metastasis have not been well clarified. Our data has shown that CSN6 and CTSL are positively correlated. The overexpression of CSN6 and CTSL might be a strong indicator for CC enhanced aggressiveness. CSN6 could suppress the degradation of CTSL, then facilitated the migration and invasion of CC cells. Interestingly, our results indicated that autophagy is essential for decreasing CTSL, while CSN6 could inhibit the autophagy ability of CC cells. In addition, blocking of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway reversed CSN6-mediated autophagy inhibition. We further demonstrated that CSN6 positively regulated CTSL expression through an autophagy-lysosomal system. Taken together, we concluded that CSN6 might promote the migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells by inhibiting autophagic degradation of CTSL and serve as a potential gene therapy target for the treatment of CC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun Mao
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao-Miao Sang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhu
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Sen Gong
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Pei
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
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15
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Lu HJ, Yan J, Jin PY, Zheng GH, Qin SM, Wu DM, Lu J, Zheng YL. MicroRNA-152 inhibits tumor cell growth while inducing apoptosis via the transcriptional repression of cathepsin L in gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Cancer Biomark 2018; 21:711-722. [PMID: 29278883 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs are widely thought to play a regulatory role in gene expression. Although the more unique microRNA expression profiles have been reported in several tumors, there remains a scarcity of knowledge in relation to microRNA expression profiles in GISTs. During this study, through the alteration in the expression of microRNA-152 (miR-152) in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cells, we subsequently evaluated its ability to influence the processes associated with cancer, including proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, as well as the associated mechanisms. METHODS The expression of miR-152 and cathepsin L (CTSL) in GIST cell lines (GIST882, GIST430, GIST48 and GIST-T1) and normal gastric mucosal cell line RGM-1 were determined. A series of miR-152 mimics, miR-152 inhibitors, and siRNA against CTSL were introduced to treat GIST-T1 cells with the lowest miR-152 and the highest CTSL were assessed. Cell viability, cell cycle entry, apoptosis, and cell migration/invasion were all evaluated by means of CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry analyses of Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and transwell assays. RESULTS The target prediction program and luciferase reporter gene assay verified CTSL is the target of miR-152. Regarding the biological significance of miR-152, siRNA knockdown and ectopic expression studies revealed that miR-152 mimic or siRNA against CTSL exposure reduced cell viability and migration/invasion, which resulted in more cells arrested at the S stage, and induced apoptosis. MiR-152 inhibitor exposure was observed to have induced effects on CTSL cells as opposed to those induced by that of the miR-152 mimics. In contrast, miR-152 downregulation abrogated the effects induced by siRNA against CTSL treatment. CONCLUSION The key findings of this study provided evidence suggesting that miR-152 functions by means of binding to CTSL to induce GIST cell apoptosis and inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion. The anti-tumor role of miR-152 makes it an attractive therapeutic target for GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Emergency Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei-Ying Jin
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gui-Hong Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su-Ming Qin
- Department of Oncology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, Shandong, China
| | - Dong-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
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Sui H, Shi C, Yan Z, Wu M. Overexpression of Cathepsin L is associated with chemoresistance and invasion of epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45995-46001. [PMID: 27351223 PMCID: PMC5216776 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is recommended as a first-line chemotherapeutic agent against, ovarian cancer, however, the development of chemoresistance is a major obstacle in patients with aggressive ovarian cancer and results in recurrence after conventional therapy. The key molecule or mechanism associated with paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer still remains unclear. Cathepsin L (CTSL) is overexpressed in various cancers, however, the association between CTSL expression and paclitaxel resistance remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of CTSL in paclitaxel-resistant SKOV3/TAX cells by CTSL silencing. Expression of CTSL was examined by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR in 58 clinical samples, and in SKOV3 cells and SKOV3/TAX cells. Effects of CTSL knockdown on ovarian cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were also studied. The IHC and real-time PCR results showed that the difference of CTSL expression between ovarian cancer and the adjacent non-tumourous ovarian tissues was statistically significant. Western blot analysis showed that the CTSL was overexpressed in SKOV3/TAX cells and weakly detectable in paclitaxel-sensitive SKOV3 cells. Knocking-down of CTSL in ovarian cancer cells could decrease cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and potentiate apoptosis induced by paclitaxel, suggesting CTSL may contribute to Paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Sui
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Hunan cancer hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Caixia Shi
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Hunan cancer hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Hunan cancer hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Wu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Hunan cancer hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
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Niu D, Jin K, Wang L, Feng B, Li J. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of four cathepsin L genes in the razor clam, Sinonovacula constricta. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 35:581-588. [PMID: 23765116 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin L (CTSL) is a lysosomal cysteine protease involved in immune responses in vertebrates. However, few studies exist regarding the role of cathepsin L in bivalves. In this study, we isolated and characterized four cathepsin L genes from the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta, referred to as CTSL1, CTSL2, CTSL3 and CTSL4. These four genes contained typical papain-like cysteine protease structure and enzyme activity sites with ERWNIN-like and GNFD-like motifs in the proregion domain and an oxyanion hole (Gln) and a catalytic triad (Cys, His and Asn) in the mature domain. Expression analysis of the four transcripts revealed a tissue-specific pattern with high expression of CTSL1 and CTSL3 in liver and gonad tissues and high expression of CTSL2 and CTSL4 in liver and gill tissues. During the developmental stages, the four transcripts showed the highest expression in the juvenile stage; however, CTSL3 had a much higher expression level than the other three transcripts during embryogenesis. The four transcripts showed significant changes in expression as early as 4 h or 8 h after infection with Vibrio anguillarum. The fact that bacterial infection can induce expression of the four CTSL transcripts suggests that these transcripts are important components of the innate immunity system of the clam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources and College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hucheng Ring Road, Shanghai 201306, China
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