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Nasiri E, Orimi JR, Aghabeiglooei Z, Walker-Meikle K, Amrollahi-Sharifabadi M. Avicenna's pharmacopeia for the treatment of animal bites. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2023; 396:3375-3393. [PMID: 37368027 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Envenomation is a common medical problem. The Canon of Medicine written by Avicenna is one of the reliable sources of Persian medicine. The present study aims to identify Avicenna's clinical pharmacology approach and the pharmacopeia used for the treatment of animal envenomations and also to evaluate the related data in light of the current medicine. The Canon of Medicine was searched using related Arabic keywords for the contents about the treatment of animal bites. A literature search was conducted in scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science to obtain relevant data. Avicenna recommended one hundred and eleven medicinal plants for the treatment of bites of vertebrate and invertebrate venomous animals including snakes, scorpions, spiders, wasps, and centipedes. He mentioned different methods of administrating these drugs including oral drugs, lotions, sprayed drugs, slow-dissolving tablets in the mouth, and enemas. Moreover, he paid special attention to pain relief in addition to specific treatments for animal bites. In the Canon of Medicine, Avicenna recommended several medicinal plants alongside analgesics for the management and treatment of animal envenomations. The current research elucidates the clinical pharmacology and pharmacopeia of Avicenna for the treatment of animal envenomations. Further research is encouraged to evaluate the efficacy of these therapeutic agents for the treatment of animal bites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Nasiri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operating Room, Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Jamal Rezaei Orimi
- Department of History of Medical Sciences, School of Allied of Medical Sciences, Mazanadaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Aghabeiglooei
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 27, Sarparast Ave., Taleqani St., Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Amrollahi-Sharifabadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, 5th Kilometer of Khorramabad-Boroujerd Highway, Khorramabad, 68151-44316, Iran.
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Fancy N. The Science of Sleep in Medieval Arabic Medicine: Part 1: Ibn Sīnā's Pneumatic Paradigm. Chest 2023; 163:662-666. [PMID: 36894261 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern sleep specialists are taught that, before the twentieth century, sleep was universally classified as a passive phenomenon with minimal to no brain activity. However, these assertions are made on the basis of particular readings and reconstructions of the history of sleep, using Western European medical works and ignoring works composed in other parts of the world. In this first of two articles on Arabic medical discussions on sleep, I shall show that sleep was not understood to be a purely passive phenomenon, at least from the time of Ibn Sīnā (lat. Avicenna, d. 1037) onward. Building on the earlier Greek medical tradition, Ibn Sīnā provided a new pneumatic understanding of sleep that allowed him to explain previously recorded phenomena associated with sleep, while providing a way to capture how certain parts of the brain (and body) can even increase their activities during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahyan Fancy
- Department of History, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN.
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Samarrai R, Radwan T, Samarrai M, Soultan E, Mutib O, Chebib MF, Falcone T, Parham K. An Analysis of Otolaryngology in Avicenna's Canon of Medicine: Utilizing the Original Arabic Text. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 168:1599-1602. [PMID: 36939490 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Avicenna authored The Canon of Medicine, a principal medical textbook for over 600 years. Our primary goal is to systematically review and translate relevant portions of The Canon in its original Arabic and correlate to Sardo's 2014 translation, focusing on otolaryngology, to present an accurate representation of Avicenna's impact and highlight notable discrepancies. Secondarily, we aim to review the literature for citations discussing Avicenna's contributions to otolaryngology and identify misinterpretations. Notably, Avicenna may have described the shape of the cochlea 500 years before its believed discovery in humans by Eustachius (1552) and Falloppius (1561). There are also obscurities in Avicenna's descriptions of the etiology of epistaxis and airway management. It is essential to remain critical of historical texts and safeguard the accurate propagation of information to preserve the integrity of historical context and timelines of scientific advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwaa Samarrai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tariq Radwan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Musab Samarrai
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Omair Mutib
- Veteran's Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Todd Falcone
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kourosh Parham
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Ghaffari F, Taheri M, Meyari A, Karimi Y, Naseri M. Avicenna and clinical experiences in Canon of Medicine. J Med Life 2022; 15:168-173. [PMID: 35419109 PMCID: PMC8999087 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Avicenna used his medical knowledge and experience of scientists from different nations to create a new style in medicine. For this reason, his textbook, Canon of Medicine, has been considered a medical reference in all universities worldwide for centuries. In this article, some valuable and interesting diagnostic and therapeutic clinical experiences mentioned in the Canon of Medicine are described in five sections. This research was conducted to review Avicenna’s specific clinical observations and interventions in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases using the keywords “Avicenna” and “Canon of Medicine”. In this article, we presented several examples of diagnostic and therapeutic clinical experiences mentioned in the Canon of Medicine in 5 areas, including semiology, therapeutic strategy, urology, neurology, obstetrics, and gynecology. Canon of Medicine, as a complete medical series containing the medical experiences from different nations and Iranian medical scientists, has influenced the world’s medical knowledge for several centuries. Some of Avicenna’s clinical and experimental views can be useful from both a historical point of view and new research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ghaffari
- School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,* Corresponding Author: Farzaneh Ghaffari, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: ;
| | - Majid Taheri
- Trauma and Injury Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Meyari
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Yasin Karimi
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Naseri
- Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Fancy N. Verification and Utility in the Arabic Commentaries on the Canon of Medicine: Examples from the Works of Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 1210) and Ibn al-Nafīs (d. 1288). J Hist Med Allied Sci 2020; 75:361-382. [PMID: 32974673 DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jraa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although over two dozen Arabic commentaries on the Canon of Medicine were composed between the twelfth and fourteenth centuries, historians of medicine have paid scant attention to them. Instead, these commentaries have often been dismissed as being uncritical expositions that further entrenched the dogma of Galenic/Avicennan medical theory. In this article, I shall show that in fact the opposite was the case for at least a subset of the Canon commentaries from this period. Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī developed a new style of verification commentary across his philosophical corpus that he also deployed in his Canon commentary. Even though Fakhr al-Dīn largely adhered to Galenic/Avicennan medical theory, his commitment to verification (taḥqīq) led him to challenge and critically assess many facets of medical theory based on systematic, philosophical investigations. Ibn al-Nafīs, following in Fakhr al-Dīn's footsteps, undertook a similar, systematic investigation into medical theory in his own Commentary on the Canon. However, in this case, verification led Ibn al-Nafis to challenge and modify several facets of medical theory. Moreover, as a trained, practicing physician, Ibn al-Nafīs also wanted to ensure that his commentary was useful for other practicing physicians. His commentary thus shows how a post-classical physician committed to the principles of verification and utility could employ philosophical argumentation, empirical observations and even occasional experiments to modify key aspects of Galenic/Avicennan medical theory and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahyan Fancy
- Department of History, DePauw University, Greencastle, Indiana
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Paydar S, Akbarzadeh A, Jahanabadi S. Anatomy of the Ribs and Management of their Fractures as Viewed by Avicenna (980-1037 Ad). Acta Med Hist Adriat 2019; 17:305-312. [PMID: 32390448 DOI: 10.31952/amha.17.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Avicenna statedinteresting points on the symptoms of rib bone fractures, their physical examination, and also treatment and management of the complications in his master piece Canon in Tibb. METHOD We reviewed Avicenna's Canon and his viewpoints on the anatomy of the rib bones and their fractures and compared it with conventional medicine. RESULT He described the ana omy of the ribs; he explained the effectiveness of their structure in the prote tion of vital organs. He also suggested some methods for the management of rib fractures, such as using vacuum at the fracture site or open surgery in case of complications. CONCLUSION Avicenna's point of view on the approach toward rib fractures had some similarities and differences with conventional practice. Some of his suggestions could be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Paydar
- Trauma Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Armin Akbarzadeh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Disease Research Center, Chamran Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, District 6, Chamran Blvd, 71948-15644 Shiraz, Iran.
E‑mail:
| | - Shahram Jahanabadi
- Department of Surgery, International Branch, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran
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Abstract
Massage is the manipulation of the body tissues by using techniques, such as rubbing, kneading, pressing, and rolling to sustain a state of health and wellness. Massage is one of the oldest and most natural healing applications in human history. Avicenna (980 - 1037) gained a very important position in the medical world with his most important work, the Canon of Medicine, known as the holy book of medicine in the Western world. Different types of massage were defined in the book. These were hard friction that braces the body, soft friction that relaxes the body, repeated friction that reduces the amount of fat in the body, moderately hard friction that improves the body, rough friction that leads the blood to the surface rapidly, gentle friction that increases blood flow in the application area, preparatory friction that prepares the body before exercise, and restorative friction that is applied after exercise which alleviates exhaustion. It may be seen that Avicenna, whose work shows influnce of Greek and Roman physicians, was heavily influenced by Hippocrates and Galen. It is seen that the massage techniques and effect mechanisms defined by Avicenna about a thousand years ago have contributed a lot to the developments in massage through the historical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Çetkin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Dumlupınar street, D100 No:98, 34000, Kadıkoy/ Istanbul/Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey.
E-mail:
| | - İlhan Bahşi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Orhan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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