Wadia PM, Mathur V, Kukkle PL, Khanna JN. Task-specific oromandibular dystonia secondary to chewing Khat (Catha edulis)- A series of 35 cases.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023;
114:105806. [PMID:
37619301 DOI:
10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105806]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The leaves of "Khat" (Catha edulis), an indigenous shrub of Yemen and Arabian Peninsula are habitually chewed by the inhabitants for psychostimulant properties.
OBJECTIVE
To describe a unique task specific Oro-mandibular dystonia (OMD) in Yemenese men, with a temporal association with chewing "Khat".
METHODS
Multicentric, retrospective analysis (2009-2020) of patients with OMD associated with "Khat" chewing, evaluating clinical features and response to Onabotulinum toxin A.
RESULTS
35 Yemenese men with a negative family history, normal neuroimaging mean age of 44.31(±3.21) years and prolonged (20.31 ± 3.27 years) history of chewing Khat, around 5.16(±0.80) hours/day presented with OMD-20 jaw opening, 13 jaw closing and 2 mixed affecting chewing (n = 6), speech (n = 3), or both (n = 26). Additional lingual dystonia was seen in five.
CONCLUSIONS
Chewing of khat is a repetitive task involving the jaw musculature and may be one of the causative factors of this task specific OMD. Recognition can prevent disability in these regions.
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