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Guo R, Torrejon VM, Reynolds C, Fayad R, Pickering J, Devine R, Rees D, Greenwood S, Kandemir C, Fisher LHC, White A, Quested T, Koh LSC. Assessing the environmental sustainability of consumer-centric poultry chain in the UK through life cycle approaches and the household simulation model. Sci Total Environ 2024; 929:172634. [PMID: 38643883 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Chicken fillets, predominantly encased in disposable plastic packaging, represent a common perishable commodity frequently found in the shopping baskets of British consumers, with an annual slaughter exceeding 1.1 billion chickens. The associated environmental implications are of considerable significance. However, a noticeable gap exists concerning the household-level ramifications of chicken meat consumption, which remains a prominent driver (165 kg CO2eyr-1 per capita) of environmental impacts in the United Kingdom (UK). This study's primary objective is to integrate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology with insights derived from a spectrum of interventions simulated within the Household Simulation Model (HHSM). The interventions that are simulated are influenced by various consumer behaviours related to the purchase, consumption, storage and disposal of chicken fillets. The overarching aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the environmental consequences associated with each intervention. The research encompasses eight distinct household archetypes and the UK average, with a focus on discerning differences in their environmental influence. The introduction of shelf-life extension measures leads to a reduction in the overall environmental impacts (in μPt), with reductions ranging from 1 % to 18 %. Concurrently, waste treatment's environmental burdens can be curtailed by 9 % to 69 % for the UK average. Of the 12 interventions tested, the intervention that combines a one-day extension in the shelf life of open packs and a three-day extension for unopened packs leads to the greatest reduction in environmental impacts, at 18 % for the entire process and 69 % for the waste treatment. This intervention is estimated to yield annual reductions of 130,722 t of CO2 emissions across the entire process and 34,720 t of CO2 emissions from waste treatment, as compared to the default scenario. These findings demonstrate the importance of integrating consumer behaviour, food waste, and packaging considerations within the domain of food LCA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Management School, Advanced Resource Efficiency Centre and Energy Institute, The University of Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Ramzi Fayad
- Management School, Advanced Resource Efficiency Centre and Energy Institute, The University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Jack Pickering
- Management School, Advanced Resource Efficiency Centre and Energy Institute, The University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Rachel Devine
- WRAP, Blenheim Court, 19 George Street, Banbury OX16 5BH, UK
| | - Deborah Rees
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, UK
| | - Sarah Greenwood
- Grantham Centre for Sustainable Futures, The University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Cansu Kandemir
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, The University of Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Adrian White
- Centre for Food Policy; City, University of London, UK
| | - Tom Quested
- WRAP, Blenheim Court, 19 George Street, Banbury OX16 5BH, UK
| | - Lenny S C Koh
- Management School, Advanced Resource Efficiency Centre and Energy Institute, The University of Sheffield, UK.
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Yi-Chia L, Sekar M, Chinnathambi A, Nasif O, Gavurová B, Jhanani GK, Brindhadevi K, Lan Chi NT. Role of chicken fat waste and hydrogen energy ratio as the potential alternate fuel with nano-additives: Insights into resources and atmospheric remediation process. Environ Res 2023; 216:114742. [PMID: 36347393 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The main focus of the study was to witness the effects of chicken waste-based biodiesel blends along with constant hydrogen injection in a modified diesel engine. Furthermore, the nanoparticle multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) effects on the engine efficiency were also examined. A series of tests was conducted in the single cylinder, water cooled engine fuelled with diesel, CB100N, CB10N, CB30N, and CB50N. Throughout the entire run, constant hydrogen injection of 5 LPM has been maintained. The parameters such as brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, heat release rate and the emissions of different pollutants were determined for a variety of engine speeds. ASTM standards were applied to measure the viscosity, density and calorific value. From the reported findings, it was clear that the addition of the chicken waste biodiesel could be a sustainable substitute for the existing fossil fuels. Although the emission of the pollutants was dropped significantly, there was a massive drop in the BTE values. To compensate such shortage of power, the biodiesel was dispersed with MWCNT at the concentration of 80 ppm. Compared to the regular biodiesel, MWCNT inclusion increased the BTE by 14%. Further, the consumption of the fuel was also reduced marginally. Considering the pollutants, the catalytic activity of the MWCNT reduced the emissions of CO, NOx, and HC at various engine speeds. Besides, 10% reduction in NOx had been reported at lower engine speeds and was reduced to 8% at higher speed regimes. Compiling all together, increasing the concentration of the biodiesel blends obviously reduced the performance values and however, there was a great advantage in terms of the emission magnitudes irrespective of the engine operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yi-Chia
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Sanming University, No. 25 Jingdong Road, Sanming City, Fujian, 365004, China
| | - Manigandan Sekar
- Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh -11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omaima Nasif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Medical City, PO Box-2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Beata Gavurová
- Tomas Bata Univesity in Zlín, Faculty of Management and Economics, Mostní 5139, Zlín, 760 01, Czech Republic
| | - G K Jhanani
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Computational Engineering and Design Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi
- School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Kugeria PM, Mwangi IW, Muthengia JW, Njoroge PW. Monitoring the extraction of copper from chicken dung leachate using an aluminium electrode as an indicator. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02921. [PMID: 31844768 PMCID: PMC6895591 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is found in several minerals in the earth's crust with varying the elemental and mineralogical composition. Several techniques of extraction have been investigated all in the effort of obtaining a cheaper and viable method. This paper reports on further works done on copper extraction using a wet chemical method. According to the method, reduction of copper (II) ions using hydrazones from chlorinated chicken waste leachate was stoichiometrically driven. The chicken dung leachate used was an impure bio-material in which the concentration could not be determined. It was, therefore, difficult to quantify the stoichiometric ratios of species in that reaction. This paper reports on a method of monitoring the extent of copper reduction by chlorinated chicken dung leachate using an aluminum electrode as an indicator. Mineral rocks were obtained from Maragwa Location in Tharaka Nithi County in Kenya. The samples were ground into a fine powder of 250 micro millimeters. The samples were then subjected to mineralogical analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Chemical analysis was done using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRFS). Ground samples were leached using 1.0 M hydrochloric acid. The resulting leachate was treated with chicken dung leachate prepared from chicken dung in which chlorine gas was bubbled at a constant temperature of 28 °C. The pH of the resultant chicken dung leachate was adjusted from 4 to 12 using 1.0 M sodium hydroxide and then used as an electrolyte. An electrochemical cell was set up consisting of aluminum and graphite rods. The aluminum electrode was found not to corrode at pH above 11 while it was able to displace available copper ions. This property of the aluminum electrode was used to monitor when all copper ions were displaced. The recovered copper was analyzed using XRFS. The copper recovery rate from the samples ranged from 7.0 to 20.0 at level A and 7.4-26.8% at level B with a purity range of 84.9 level A to 88.6% level B. An overall positive potential in the reduction process confirmed the greater the tendency of copper reduction without an external source of electricity. The corrosion of the aluminium electrode in the process was not observed and therefore does not require frequent replacement. Therefore, a large scale extraction process needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isaac Waweru Mwangi
- Chemistry Department, Kenyatta University, P. O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Peter Waithaka Njoroge
- Department of Physical Sciences, Murang'a University, P. O. BOX 75 -10200, Murang'a, Kenya
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