Comparison of different extraction methods on the physicochemical, structural properties, and in vitro hypoglycemic activity of bamboo shoot dietary fibers

The effect of alkali extraction (AE), enzymatic extraction (EE), ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE), and shear homogeneous-assisted enzymatic extraction (SHAEE) on the physicochemical, structural properties, and in vitro hypoglycemic activity of bamboo shoot dietary fibers (BSDF) were investigated and compared. BSDF obtained by AE had the lowest protein content and crystallinity index. The lowest oil holding capacity (OHC) and highest protein content were observed in EE. BSDF generated highest OHC and glucose adsorption capacity by UAEE. SHAEE obtained the highest SDF content (17.89%), water-holding capacity (8.81 g/g), and α-amylase activity inhibition ratio (19.89%) and the smallest particle size (351.33 μm). BSDF extracted by SHAEE and UAEE presented a porous and loose structure. Furthermore, the in vitro hypoglycemic activity of the four BSDF samples generally followed the order of SHAEE > UAEE > EE > AE. Results show that SHAEE is an innovative and promising method to obtain BSDF with its excellent physicochemical and functional properties.

The first complete plastome of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (Fenzl) Makino: assembly, annotation and phylogenetic analysis

Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (Fenzl) Makino is one of the ‘Square Bamboo’ due to its square-shaped culm. However, as an edible bamboo, there is no genomic information reported so far. In this study, we reported and characterized the first plastome of C. quadrangularis based on Illumina Hiseq sequencing. The plastome exhibited a typical angiosperm circular structure, containing four regions: large single-copy region (LSC: 83,125 bp), small single-copy region (SSC: 12,811 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IR: 21,802 bp). The plastome consisted of 139,540 bp in size, with 82 protein-coding genes, 39 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The total nucleotide composition consisted of 30.16% A, 30.97% T, 19.25% C, and 19.63% G. The G + C content of the whole plastome was 38.88%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete plastomes of six species indicated that C. quadrangularis was closed to C. hejiangensis. The plastome is helpful for studying the evolution of beneficial adaptations and developing bioremediation and biomedical science.