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Eiseler K, Neppl L, Schmidt AW, Rauscher B, Ewers M, Masson E, Chen JM, Férec C, Rebours V, Grammatikopoulos T, Foskett P, Greenhalf W, Halloran C, Neoptolemos J, Haack TB, Ossowski S, Sturm M, Rosendahl J, Laumen H, Witt H. Genetic and functional analysis of chymotrypsin-like protease (CTRL) in chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2023; 23:957-963. [PMID: 37949771 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic predisposition is crucial in the pathogenesis of early-onset chronic pancreatitis (CP). So far, several genetic alterations have been identified as risk factors, predominantly in genes encoding digestive enzymes. However, many early-onset CP cases have no identified underlying cause. Chymotrypsins are a family of serine proteases that can cleave trypsinogen and lead to its degradation. Because genetic alterations in the chymotrypsins CTRC, CTRB1, and CTRB2 are associated with CP, we genetically and functionally investigated chymotrypsin-like protease (CTRL) as a potential risk factor. METHODS We screened 1005 non-alcoholic CP patients and 1594 controls for CTRL variants by exome sequencing. We performed Western blots and activity assays to analyse secretion and proteolytic activity. We measured BiP mRNA expression to investigate the potential impact of identified alterations on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. RESULTS We identified 13 heterozygous non-synonymous CTRL variants: five exclusively in patients and three only in controls. Functionality was unchanged in 6/13 variants. Four alterations showed normal secretion but reduced (p.G20S, p.G56S, p.G61S) or abolished (p.S208F) activity. Another three variants (p.C201Y, p.G215R and p.C220G) were not secreted and already showed reduced or no activity intracellularly. However, intracellular retention did not lead to ER stress. CONCLUSION We identified several CTRL variants, some showing potent effects on protease function and secretion. We observed these effects in variants found in patients and controls, and CTRL loss-of-function variants were not significantly more common in patients than controls. Therefore, CTRL is unlikely to play a relevant role in the development of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Eiseler
- Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine (EKFZ), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Lea Neppl
- Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine (EKFZ), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas W Schmidt
- Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine (EKFZ), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University (MLU), Halle (Saale), Germany; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Beate Rauscher
- Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine (EKFZ), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Maren Ewers
- Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine (EKFZ), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Masson
- Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200, Brest, France; Service de Génétique Médicale et de Biologie de la Reproduction, CHRU Brest, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Jian-Min Chen
- Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Claude Férec
- Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Vinciane Rebours
- Pancreatology and Digestive Oncology Department, Beaujon Hospital, APHP - Clichy, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Tassos Grammatikopoulos
- Paediatric Liver, GI & Nutrition Centre and MowatLabs, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pierre Foskett
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - William Greenhalf
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher Halloran
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - John Neoptolemos
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Ossowski
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Sturm
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University (MLU), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Helmut Laumen
- Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine (EKFZ), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University (MLU), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Heiko Witt
- Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine (EKFZ), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany.
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Grzelak S, Bień-Kalinowska J, Stachyra A. Trichinella britovi recombinant proteins produced in Pichia pastoris expression system for specific IgG antibody detection in the sera of mice and pigs infected with Trichinella spp. Exp Parasitol 2022; 242:108386. [PMID: 36179852 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Trichinellosis, a disease caused by infection with Trichinella spp, poses an economic problem in the animal sector and a recurrent health problem for humans. Discovering the new diagnostic tests may be achieved by identification and production of species- and stage-specific recombinant proteins of Trichinella genus which are recognized by the host antibodies after infection. In this study the T. britovi proteins identified earlier in excretory-secretory (ES) products: CTRL, ES21 and HSP20, were cloned and produced using a eukaryotic Pichia pastoris system. Their immunodiagnostic properties were verified by measuring the abundance of specific IgG antibodies in sera from mice and pigs experimentally infected with T. britovi or T. spiralis. The rTbCTRL and the rTbES21 proteins were more effectively produced and stable than rTbHSP20. The most sensitive protein for serodiagnostic purposes occurred to be CTRL; anti-rTbCTRL IgG level increased at 41 days post infection (dpi) in pigs infected with T. britovi and 45 dpi for those infected with T. spiralis. The rTbES21 protein was the most specific for the T. britovi species, as no antibody titers were observed in pigs infected with T. spiralis. Following the multiple-antigen strategy, the combination of rTbCTRL + rTbES21 was applied in ELISA, but no significant difference in IgG level was detected in the tested conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Grzelak
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Justyna Bień-Kalinowska
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stachyra
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland
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Sisakht M, Solhjoo A, Mahmoodzadeh A, Fathalipour M, Kabiri M, Sakhteman A. Potential inhibitors of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and modulators of arachidonic acid pathway: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs against COVID-19. Comput Biol Med 2021; 136:104686. [PMID: 34340125 PMCID: PMC8319042 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the key targets to develop and design antiviral drugs. There is no general agreement on the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in COVID-19. In this study, we investigated NSAIDs as potential inhibitors for chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) and the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 to find out the best candidates, which can act as potent inhibitors against the main protease. We also predicted the effect of NSAIDs on the arachidonic pathway and evaluated the hepatotoxicity of the compounds using systems biology techniques. Molecular docking was conducted via AutoDock Vina to estimate the interactions and binding affinities between selected NSAIDs and the main protease. Molecular docking results showed the presence of 10 NSAIDs based on lower binding energy (kcal/mol) toward the 3CLpro inhibition site compared to the co-crystal native ligand Inhibitor N3 (-6.6 kcal/mol). To validate the docking results, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations on the top inhibitor, Talniflumate, were performed. To obtain differentially-expressed genes under the 27 NSAIDs perturbations, we utilized the L1000 final Z-scores from the NCBI GEO repository (GSE92742). The obtained dataset included gene expression profiling signatures for 27 NSAIDs. The hepatotoxicity of NSAIDs was studied by systems biology modeling of Disturbed Metabolic Pathways. This study highlights the new application of NSAIDs as anti-viral drugs used against COVID-19. NSAIDs may also attenuate the cytokine storm through the downregulation of inflammatory mediators in the arachidonic acid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Sisakht
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Solhjoo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Mahmoodzadeh
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Mohammad Fathalipour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology and Metabolic Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Maryam Kabiri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sakhteman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Kylmä AK, Jouhi L, Mohamed H, Randén-Brady R, Mäkitie A, Atula T, Haglund C, Sorsa T, Hagström J. In HPV-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, elevated toll-like receptor 2 immunoexpression may increase the risk of disease-specific mortality. Oral Oncol 2020; 107:104778. [PMID: 32403078 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), toll-like receptors (TLR) 5 and 7 associate with the tumor's human papilloma virus (HPV) status (Jouhi et al., 2017). TLR 2, on the other hand, has been linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and to oral carcinogenesis (Farnebo et al., 2015; Binder Gallimidi et al., 2015). Here we investigated the presence of TLR 2 and 4 in HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPSCC, and their relationship to opportunistic oral pathogen Treponema denticola chymotrypsin-like protease (Td-CTLP) immunoexpression, clinical parameters, and patient outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinicopathological data of 198 unselected consecutive OPSCC patients came from hospital registries. Immunoexpression of TLRs 2 and 4 we evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and earlier in this patient series we studied immunoexpression of Td-CTLP and HPV DNA, HPV mRNA, and p16 status. RESULTS Immunoexpression of both TLRs 2 and 4 showed a significant association with HPV-status. Strong expression was associated with HPV-positivity and mild expression with HPV-negativity. Patients with strong TLR 2 immunoexpression in the HPV negative subgroup had significantly poorer 5-year DSS (58%) than did patients with mild TLR 2 expression (77%), and strong TLR 2 immunoexpression remained as an independent factor linked to increased disease mortality in the multivariable setting (P = 0.019). No association existed between TLR 2 or 4 and Td-CTLP expression. CONCLUSION Our results support the role of TLR 2 receptor as a possible target for development of therapeutics as earlier proposed (Farnebo et al., 2015). The involvement of Td and other oral pathogens in carcinogenesis of OPSCC, remains open and calls for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kaisa Kylmä
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, HUSLAB and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Lauri Jouhi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 263, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hesham Mohamed
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, HUSLAB and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reija Randén-Brady
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, HUSLAB and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 263, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland; Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Atula
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 263, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 41, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, HUSLAB and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Feng H, Sander AL, Moreira-Soto A, Yamane D, Drexler JF, Lemon SM. Hepatovirus 3ABC proteases and evolution of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS). J Hepatol 2019; 71:25-34. [PMID: 30876947 PMCID: PMC6581616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Unlike other hepatitis viruses that have infected primates for millions of years, hepatitis A virus (HAV) likely entered human populations only 10-12 thousand years ago after jumping from a rodent host. The phylogeny of modern hepatoviruses that infect rodents and bats suggest that multiple similar host shifts have occurred in the past. The factors determining such shifts are unknown, but the capacity to overcome innate antiviral responses in a foreign species is likely key. METHODS We assessed the capacity of diverse hepatovirus 3ABC proteases to cleave mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and disrupt antiviral signaling in HEK293 and human hepatocyte-derived cell lines. We also applied maximum-likelihood and Bayesian algorithms to identify sites of diversifying selection in MAVS orthologs from 75 chiropteran, rodent and primate species. RESULTS 3ABC proteases from bat, but not rodent hepatoviruses efficiently cleaved human MAVS at Glu463/Gly464, disrupting virus activation of the interferon-β promoter, whereas human HAV 3ABC cleaved at Gln427/Val428. In contrast, MAVS orthologs from rodents and bats were resistant to cleavage by 3ABC proteases of cognate hepatoviruses and in several cases human HAV. A search for diversifying selection among MAVS orthologs from all 3 orders revealed 90 of ∼540 residues to be under positive selection, including residues in chiropteran MAVS that align with the site of cleavage of human MAVS by bat 3ABC proteases. CONCLUSIONS 3ABC protease cleavage of MAVS is a conserved attribute of hepatoviruses, acting broadly across different mammalian species and associated with evidence of diversifying selection at cleavage sites in rodent and bat MAVS orthologs. The capacity of hepatoviruses to disrupt MAVS-mediated innate immune responses has shaped evolution of both hepatoviruses and their hosts, and facilitates cross-species transmission of hepatitis A. LAY SUMMARY Hepatitis A virus, a common cause of acute hepatitis globally, is likely to have evolved from a virus that jumped from a rodent species to humans within the last 10-12 thousand years. Here we show that distantly related hepatoviruses, that infect bats and rodents today, express proteases that disrupt innate antiviral responses in human cells. This conserved attribute of hepatoviruses may have contributed to that ancient host species shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Feng
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA;,Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anna-Lena Sander
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrés Moreira-Soto
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daisuke Yamane
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA;,Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, 10117 Berlin, Germany;,German Centre for Infection Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stanley M. Lemon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA;,Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA;,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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