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Zhou J, Chu Y, Liu W, Chu F, Guan Z, He Z, Li J, Wu F. Mg/Al Double-Pillared LiNiO 2 as a Co-Free Ternary Cathode Material Ensuring Stable Cycling at 4.6 V. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:13948-13960. [PMID: 38441538 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Cobalt-free (Co-free) and nickel-rich (Ni-rich) cathode materials have attracted significant attention and undergone extensive studies due to their affordability and superior energy density. However, the commercialization of these Co-free materials is hindered by challenges such as cation disorder, irreversible phase changes, and inadequate high-voltage performance. To overcome these challenges, a Co-free ternary cathode material of Mg/Al double-pillared LiNiO2 (NMA) synthesized via a wet-coating and lithiation-sintering technique is proposed. Fundamental studies reveal that Mg and Al have the potential to form a distinctive double-pillar structure within the layered cathode, enhancing its structural stability. To be specific, the strategic placement of Mg and Al in Li and Ni layers, respectively, effectively reduces Li+/Ni2+ disorder and prevents irreversible phase transitions. Additionally, the inclusion of Mg and Al refines the primary grains and compacts the secondary grains in the cathode material, reducing stress from cyclic usage and preventing material cracking, thereby mitigating electrolyte erosion. As a result, NMA demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance under a high charge cutoff voltage of 4.6 V. It maintains 70% of initial specific capacity after 500 cycles at 1 C and exhibits excellent rate performance, with a capacity of 162 mAh g-1 at 5 C and 149 mAh g-1 at 10 C. As a whole, the produced NMA achieves a high structural stability in cases of excessive delithiation, providing a groundbreaking solution for the development of cost-effective and high-energy-density cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Zhou
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Chu
- School of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- School of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Fulu Chu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zengqiang Guan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjiang He
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Li
- School of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Feixiang Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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De Sloovere D, Mylavarapu SK, D'Haen J, Thersleff T, Jaworski A, Grins J, Svensson G, Stoyanova R, Jøsang LO, Prakasha KR, Merlo M, Martínez E, Nel-Lo Pascual M, Jacas Biendicho J, Van Bael MK, Hardy A. Phase Engineering via Aluminum Doping Enhances the Electrochemical Stability of Lithium-Rich Cobalt-Free Layered Oxides for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Small 2024:e2400876. [PMID: 38429239 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Lithium-rich, cobalt-free oxides are promising potential positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries because of their high energy density, lower cost, and reduced environmental and ethical concerns. However, their commercial breakthrough is hindered because of their subpar electrochemical stability. This work studies the effect of aluminum doping on Li1.26 Ni0.15 Mn0.61 O2 as a lithium-rich, cobalt-free layered oxide. Al doping suppresses voltage fade and improves the capacity retention from 46% for Li1.26 Ni0.15 Mn0.61 O2 to 67% for Li1.26 Ni0.15 Mn0.56 Al0.05 O2 after 250 cycles at 0.2 C. The undoped material has a monoclinic Li2 MnO3 -type structure with spinel on the particle edges. In contrast, Al-doped materials (Li1.26 Ni0.15 Mn0.61-x Alx O2 ) consist of a more stable rhombohedral phase at the particle edges, with a monoclinic phase core. For this core-shell structure, the formation of Mn3+ is suppressed along with the material's decomposition to a disordered spinel, and the amount of the rhombohedral phase content increases during galvanostatic cycling. Whereas previous studies generally provided qualitative insight into the degradation mechanisms during electrochemical cycling, this work provides quantitative information on the stabilizing effect of the rhombohedral shell in the doped sample. As such, this study provides fundamental insight into the mechanisms through which Al doping increases the electrochemical stability of lithium-rich cobalt-free layered oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries De Sloovere
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-Imomec), UHasselt and Imec, Agoralaan, building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
- EnergyVille, Thor Park 8320, Genk, 3600, Belgium
| | - Satish Kumar Mylavarapu
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-Imomec), UHasselt and Imec, Agoralaan, building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
- EnergyVille, Thor Park 8320, Genk, 3600, Belgium
| | - Jan D'Haen
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-Imomec), UHasselt and Imec, Agoralaan, building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Thomas Thersleff
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Aleksander Jaworski
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Jekabs Grins
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Svensson
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Radostina Stoyanova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bldg. 11, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Maximiliano Merlo
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research-IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
| | - Elías Martínez
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research-IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
| | - Marc Nel-Lo Pascual
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research-IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
| | - Jordi Jacas Biendicho
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research-IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
| | - Marlies K Van Bael
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-Imomec), UHasselt and Imec, Agoralaan, building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
- EnergyVille, Thor Park 8320, Genk, 3600, Belgium
| | - An Hardy
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-Imomec), UHasselt and Imec, Agoralaan, building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
- EnergyVille, Thor Park 8320, Genk, 3600, Belgium
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Tsai SY, Fung KZ. Synthesis Routes on Electrochemical Behavior of Co-Free Layered LiNi(0.5)Mn(0.5)O(2) Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries. Molecules 2023; 28:794. [PMID: 36677852 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-free layered LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 has received considerable attention due to high theoretical capacity (280 mAh g-1) and low cost comparable than LiCoO2. The ability of nickel to be oxidized (Ni2+/Ni3+/Ni4+) acts as electrochemical active and has a low activation energy barrier, while the stability of Mn4+ provides a stable host structure. However, selection of appropriate preparation method and condition are critical to providing an ideal layered structure of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 with good electrochemical performance. In this study, Layered LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 has been synthesized by sol-gel and solid-state routes. According to the XRD, the sol-gel method provides a pure phase, and solid-state process only minimize the secondary phases to certain limit. The Ni2+/Mn4+ content in the sol-gel process was higher than in the solid-state reaction, which may be due to the chemical composition homogeneity of the sol-gel samples. Regarding the electrochemical behavior, sol-gel process is better than solid-state reaction. The discharge capacity is 145 mAh/g and 91 mAh/g for the sol-gel process and solid-state reaction samples, respectively.
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Halfa H, H. Seikh A, Soliman MS. Effect of Heat Treatment on Tensile Properties and Microstructure of Co-Free, Low Ni-10 Mo-1.2 Ti Maraging Steel. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15062136. [PMID: 35329590 PMCID: PMC8950625 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Production of high-quality maraging steel is dependent not only on the production technology but also on the alloying design and heat treatment. In this work, cobalt-free, low nickel, molybdenum-containing maraging steel was produced by melting the raw materials in a vacuum induction melting furnace and then refining with a shielding gas electroslag remelting unit. The critical transformation temperatures of the investigated steel samples were determined experimentally by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and theoretically aiding Thermo-Calc software. Types and chemical composition plus volume fraction and starting precipitation temperature of suggested constituents calculated with the aid of Thermo-Calc software. The microstructures of forged steel specimens that were heat-treated under several conditions were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscattering (EBSD), in addition to transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical properties of the investigated steel specimens were evaluated by measuring the tensile strength properties and micro-hardness, furthermore, estimating their fracture surface using scanning electron microscopy at lower magnification. The metallographic results show that the microstructure of steel in aged conditions includes high-alloyed martensite and nickel-rich phase, in addition to the low-alloyed-retained-austenite, intermetallic compounds, and lavas-phase (MoCr). Furthermore, TEM and EBSD studies emphasized that the produced steel has high dislocation density with nano-sized precipitate with an average size of ~19 ± 1 nm. Moreover, the metallographic results show that the mentioned microstructure enhances the tensile properties by precipitation strengthening and the TRIP phenomenon. The tensile strength results show that the n-value of investigated steel passes two stages and is comparable with the n-value of TRIP-steel. Steel characterized by 2100 MPa ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation of more than 7% can be produced by the investigated production routine and optimum heat treatment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Halfa
- Steel Technology Department, Central Metallurgical R&D Institute (CMRDI), Helwan 11731, Egypt;
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Shaqra University, Shaqra 15556, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asiful H. Seikh
- CEREM, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahmoud S. Soliman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-591959335
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Xi Y, Wang M, Xu L, Kheimeh Sari HM, Li W, Hu J, Cao Y, Chen L, Wang L, Pu X, Wang J, Bai Y, Liu X, Li X. A New Co-Free Ni-Rich LiNi 0.8Fe 0.1Mn 0.1O 2 Cathode for Low-Cost Li-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:57341-57349. [PMID: 34806873 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with the rapid development of electric vehicles, the ever-fluctuating cobalt price has become a decisive constraint on the supply chain of the lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery industry. To address these challenges, a new and unreported cobalt-free (Co-free) material with a general formula of LiNi0.8Fe0.1Mn0.1O2 (NFM) is introduced. This Co-free material is synthesized via the coprecipitation method and examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the morphological, crystal-structure, and electrochemical properties. The NFM cathode can deliver a specific capacity of 202.6 mA h g-1 (0.1C, 3.0-4.5 V), a specific energy capacity of 798.8 W h kg-1 in material level (0.1C, 3.0-4.5 V), a reasonable rate capability, and a stable cycling performance (81.1% discharge capacity retention after 150 cycles at 10C, 3.0-4.3 V). Although the research on this subject is still in its early stage, the capability of this novel cathode material as a practical candidate for applications in next-generation Co-free lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is highlighted in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Xi
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, P. R. China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, P. R. China
- Shaanxi International Joint Research Center of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, P. R. China
| | - Mingjun Wang
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, P. R. China
| | - Le Xu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, P. R. China
| | - Hirbod Maleki Kheimeh Sari
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, P. R. China
- Shaanxi International Joint Research Center of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, P. R. China
- Shaanxi International Joint Research Center of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Hu
- Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon & Environmental Materials (CDLCEM), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Cao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, P. R. China
- Shaanxi International Joint Research Center of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, P. R. China
| | - Liping Chen
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, P. R. China
- Shaanxi International Joint Research Center of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, P. R. China
| | - Linzhe Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, P. R. China
- Shaanxi International Joint Research Center of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Pu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, P. R. China
- Shaanxi International Joint Research Center of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, P. R. China
- Shaanxi International Joint Research Center of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, P. R. China
| | - Yikun Bai
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, P. R. China
- Shaanxi International Joint Research Center of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, P. R. China
| | - Xingjiang Liu
- Science and Technology on Power Sources Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Power Sources, Tianjin300384, P. R. China
| | - Xifei Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, P. R. China
- Shaanxi International Joint Research Center of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, Xi'an, Shaanxi710048, P. R. China
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