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Tang Y, Wei J, Ge X, Yu C, Lu W, Qian Y, Yang H, Fu D, Fang Y, Zhou X, Wang Z, Xiao Q, Ding K. Intratumoral injection of interferon gamma promotes the efficacy of anti-PD1 treatment in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216798. [PMID: 38467181 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) offer new options for the treatment of patients with solid cancers worldwide. The majority of colorectal cancers (CRC) are proficient in mismatch-repair (pMMR) genes, harboring fewer tumor antigens and are insensitive to ICIs. These tumors are often found to be immune-deserted. We hypothesized that forcing immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment followed by immune ignition by PD1 blockade may initiate a positive immune cycle that can boost antitumor immunity. Bioinformatics using a public database suggested that IFNγ was a key indicator of immune status and prognosis in CRC. Intratumoral administration of IFNγ increased immune cells infiltration into the tumor, but induced PD-L1 expression. A combined treatment strategy using IFNγ and anti-PD-1 antibody significantly increased T cell killing of tumor cells in vitro and showed synergistic inhibition of tumor growth in a mouse model of CRC. CyTOF found drastic changes in the immune microenvironment upon combined immunotherapy. Treatment with IFNγ and anti-PD1 antibody in CT26 tumors significantly increased infiltration of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs). IFNγ had a more pronounced effect in decreasing intratumoral M2-like macrophages, while PD1 blockade increased the population of CD8+Ly6C + T cells in the tumor microenvironment, creating a more pro-inflammatory microenvironment. Additionally, PD1 induced increased expression of lymphocyte activating 3 (LAG3) in a significant fraction of CD8+ T cells and Treg cells, indicating potential drug resistance and feedback mechanisms. In conclusion, our work provides preclinical data for the Combined immunotherapy of CRC using intratumoral delivery of IFNγ and systemic anti-PD1 monoclonoal antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jingsun Wei
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xiaoxu Ge
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Chengxuan Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yucheng Qian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Dongliang Fu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yimin Fang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Zhanhuai Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Kefeng Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, China.
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Silva LGDO, Lemos FFB, Luz MS, Rocha Pinheiro SL, Calmon MDS, Correa Santos GL, Rocha GR, de Melo FF. New avenues for the treatment of immunotherapy-resistant pancreatic cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:1134-1153. [PMID: 38660642 PMCID: PMC11037047 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by its extremely aggressive nature and ranks 14th in the number of new cancer cases worldwide. However, due to its complexity, it ranks 7th in the list of the most lethal cancers worldwide. The pathogenesis of PC involves several complex processes, including familial genetic factors associated with risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatitis, and smoking. Mutations in genes such as KRAS, TP53, and SMAD4 are linked to the appearance of malignant cells that generate pancreatic lesions and, consequently, cancer. In this context, some therapies are used for PC, one of which is immunotherapy, which is extremely promising in various other types of cancer but has shown little response in the treatment of PC due to various resistance mechanisms that contribute to a drop in immunotherapy efficiency. It is therefore clear that the tumor microenvironment (TME) has a huge impact on the resistance process, since cellular and non-cellular elements create an immunosuppressive environment, characterized by a dense desmoplastic stroma with cancer-associated fibroblasts, pancreatic stellate cells, extracellular matrix, and immunosuppressive cells. Linked to this are genetic mutations in TP53 and immunosuppressive factors that act on T cells, resulting in a shortage of CD8+ T cells and limited expression of activation markers such as interferon-gamma. In this way, finding new strategies that make it possible to manipulate resistance mechanisms is necessary. Thus, techniques such as the use of TME modulators that block receptors and stromal molecules that generate resistance, the use of genetic manipulation in specific regions, such as microRNAs, the modulation of extrinsic and intrinsic factors associated with T cells, and, above all, therapeutic models that combine these modulation techniques constitute the promising future of PC therapy. Thus, this study aims to elucidate the main mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy in PC and new ways of manipulating this process, resulting in a more efficient therapy for cancer patients and, consequently, a reduction in the lethality of this aggressive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcel Silva Luz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Samuel Luca Rocha Pinheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariana dos Santos Calmon
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Lima Correa Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Reis Rocha
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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Mandalà M, Lorigan P, Sergi MC, Benannoune N, Serra P, Vitale MG, Giannarelli D, Arance AM, Couselo EM, Neyns B, Tucci M, Guida M, Spagnolo F, Rossi E, Occelli M, Queirolo P, Quaglino P, Depenni R, Merelli B, Placzke J, Di Giacomo AM, Del Vecchio M, Indini A, da Silva IP, Menzies AM, Long GV, Robert C, Rutkowski P, Ascierto PA. Combined immunotherapy in melanoma patients with brain metastases: A multicenter international study. Eur J Cancer 2024; 199:113542. [PMID: 38266540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.113542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ipilimumab plus nivolumab (COMBO) is the standard treatment in asymptomatic patients with melanoma brain metastases (MBM). We report a retrospective study aiming to assess the outcome of patients with MBM treated with COMBO outside clinical trials. METHODS Consecutive patients treated with COMBO have been included. Demographics, steroid treatment, Central Nervous System (CNS)-related symptoms, BRAF status, radiotherapy or surgery, response rate (RR), progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) have been analyzed. RESULTS 376 patients were included: 262 received COMBO as first-line and 114 as a subsequent line of therapy, respectively. In multivariate analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) (≥1 vs 0) [HR 1.97 (1.46-2.66)], extracerebral metastases [HR 1.92 (1.09-3.40)], steroid use at the start of COMBO [HR 1.59 (1.08-2.38)], CNS-related symptoms [HR 1.59 (1.08-2.34)], SRS (Stereotactic radiosurgery) [HR 0.63 (0.45-0.88)] and surgery [HR 0.63 (0.43-0.91)] were associated with OS. At a median follow-up of 30 months, the median OS (mOS) in the overall population was 21.3 months (18.1-24.5), whilst OS was not yet reached in treatment-naive patients, steroid-free at baseline. In patients receiving COMBO after BRAF/MEK inhibitors(i) PFS at 1-year was 15.7%. The dose of steroids (dexamethasone < vs ≥ 4 mg/day) was not prognostic. SRS alongside COMBO vs COMBO alone in asymptomatic patients prolonged survival. (p = 0.013). Toxicities were consistent with previous studies. An independent validation cohort (n = 51) confirmed the findings. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate remarkable long-term survival in treatment-naïve, asymptomatic, steroid-free patients, as well as in those receiving SRS plus COMBO. PFS and OS were poor in patients receiving COMBO after progressing to BRAF/MEKi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mandalà
- Unit of Medical Oncology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Paul Lorigan
- The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Maria Chiara Sergi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Patricio Serra
- The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Maria Grazia Vitale
- Department of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, I.N.T. IRCCS Fondazione "G. Pascale" Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Diana Giannarelli
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Eva Munoz Couselo
- Department of Medical Oncology. Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain & Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bart Neyns
- Department of Medical Oncology, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marco Tucci
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Guida
- Rare Tumors and Melanoma Unit, IRCCS Istituto dei Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II," Bari, Italy
| | | | - Ernesto Rossi
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Depenni
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Oncology, Hematology, Modena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | | | - Joanna Placzke
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Alice Indini
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Ines Pires da Silva
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, and Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexander M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Caroline Robert
- Gustave Roussy and Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paolo A Ascierto
- Department of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, I.N.T. IRCCS Fondazione "G. Pascale" Napoli, Naples, Italy
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Goto Y, Tajiri K, Tanaka S, Murayama A, Muraishi N, Hayashi Y, Yasuda I. A ruptured sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma treated with combined immunotherapy. Clin J Gastroenterol 2023; 16:244-249. [PMID: 36625992 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-023-01758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma (sHCC) is a rare phenotype of HCC with extremely poor prognosis and no established pharmacological treatment. Interventional therapies such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) have been shown to limit the development of sHCC through mechanisms involving hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This report describes an 83-year-old man who developed sHCC 2 years after RFA treatment for HCC and experienced sHCC rupture. Following TAE-induced hematostasis, he was administered lenvatinib for tumor control. Although his physical status had improved, due to loss of fever and attenuation of arterial enhancement in the tumor, for 1 month after lenvatinib administration, tumor re-growth was observed 2 months after lenvatinib treatment. His general condition was preserved, and he was treated with 10 courses of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez+Bev), resulting in tumor shrinkage that was maintained for 3-8 months after Atez+Bev. Findings in this patient showed that combined immunotherapy was effective for sHCC. Further investigation in additional patients is required to maximize prognosis in patients with sHCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuno Goto
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama University Hospital, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kazuto Tajiri
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama University Hospital, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | | | - Aiko Murayama
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama University Hospital, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Nozomu Muraishi
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama University Hospital, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yuka Hayashi
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama University Hospital, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yasuda
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama University Hospital, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
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Nofal AA, Elkholy BM, Abd-Elmonsef ER, Nofal HO. Triple Intralesional Antigen Immunotherapy versus Monoantigen in the Treatment of Multiple Recalcitrant Warts. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:1225-1237. [PMID: 35449500 PMCID: PMC9110629 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Warts can be resistant to treatment or recur despite the use of various destructive and immunotherapeutic modalities. Combination immunotherapy might contribute to better response rates. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of a triple intralesional immunotherapy combination composed of purified protein derivative (PPD), Candida antigen, and measles–mumps–rubella vaccine (MMR), versus each agent alone, in the management of multiple recalcitrant warts. Methods In total, 160 patients with numerous resistant extragenital warts were included in the research. They were randomly assigned to one of four groups (each with 40 patients): PPD, Candida antigen, and MMR, or combination of the three antigens. Injections into the biggest wart were repeated every 2 weeks until clearance or for a total of five sessions. Results Complete wart clearance was reported in 31 patients (77.5%) who received triple-antigen immunotherapy, 23 patients (57.5%) who received intralesional PPD, 29 patients (72.5%) injected with Candida antigen, and 25 patients (62.5%) who received MMR. The combined therapy was found to be superior to the other therapies and had the lowest recurrence rate, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions Triple intralesional antigen immunotherapy is as safe as, and more effective than, monoantigen immunotherapy, and can be added to the armamentarium against recalcitrant human papilloma virus (HPV) infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Nofal
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Member of Interactive Dermatology Research group, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Basma M Elkholy
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Esraa R Abd-Elmonsef
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hagar O Nofal
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Cheng Z, Du Y, Yu L, Yuan Z, Tian J. Application of Noninvasive Imaging to Combined Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Breast Cancer: Facts and Future. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:264-279. [PMID: 35102468 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With the application of mono-immunotherapy in cancer, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, improved outcomes have been achieved. However, there are several limitations to immunotherapy, such as a poor response to the drugs, immune resistance, and immune-related adverse events. In recent years, studies of preclinical animal models and clinical trials have demonstrated that immune checkpoint inhibitors for breast cancer can significantly prolong the overall survival and quality of patients' lives. Meanwhile, combined immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment has attracted researchers' attention and showed great potential in the comprehensive treatment of breast cancer patients. Additionally, noninvasive imaging enables physicians to predict response to combined immunotherapeutic drugs, achieve treatment efficacy, and lead to better clinical management. Herein, we review the background of combined immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and summarize its targeted imaging as well as progress in noninvasive imaging aimed at evaluating therapeutic outcomes. Finally, we describe several factors that may influence the outcome of this combined immunotherapy, the future direction of medical imaging, and the potential application of artificial intelligence in breast cancer. With further development of noninvasive imaging for the guidance of combined immune checkpoint inhibitors, cures for this disease may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongquan Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex System, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingBeijing, 100190, China
| | - Yang Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex System, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingBeijing, 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China.
| | - Leyi Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhu Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex System, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingBeijing, 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China.
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Zhou N, Jiang M, Li T, Zhu J, Liu K, Hou H, Zhang X. Anlotinib combined with anti-PD-1 antibody, camrelizumab for advanced NSCLCs after multiple lines treatment: An open-label, dose escalation and expansion study. Lung Cancer 2021; 160:111-7. [PMID: 34482102 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Combined therapy should be invested for those patients who are refractory to first-line therapy. Anti-angiogenic agents could enhance tumor immunity response. We designed a phase IB clinical trial and analyzed the effectiveness and safety of anlotinib combined with PD-1inhibitors Camrelizumab for multi-line pretreated and failed advanced NSCLC to explore the synergistic effect of anti-angiogenic agents and immunotherapy. METHODS All enrolled patients should receive camrelizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks. Eligible patients were randomized successively to three dose cohorts of Anlotinib in a dose escalation clinical setting. Once maximal tolerable dose was established, the primary end point of this study was progression-free survival, overall survival and safety. Risk factor was an exploratory end point. RESULTS The identified expansion dose for anlotinib was 12 mg. The median PFS of ITT patients was 8.2 months (95% CI, 4.3-12.1 months). And the mOS was 12.7 months (95% CI, 10.2-15.1 months). There was significant difference of mPFS between the 8 mg cohort and the 12 mg cohort (5.6 m vs.11.0 m, p = 0.04). Patients with brain metastasis had a significantly higher risk of death (HR 5.90; 95% CI 2.01-17.30; P = 0.001). Patients whose ECOG was 0 and 1 had a significantly lower risk of death (HR 0.36; 95% CI 0.14-0.91; P = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS Anlotinib plus camrelizumab had shown promising efficacy and manageable toxicity as a second-line or later-line treatment for NSCLCs, especially in the 12 mg cohorts. Large-scale phase III clinical trials are needed to further explore the rational combination models and biomarkers.
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Zheng Y, Li Y, Feng J, Li J, Ji J, Wu L, Yu Q, Dai W, Wu J, Zhou Y, Guo C. Cellular based immunotherapy for primary liver cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:250. [PMID: 34372912 PMCID: PMC8351445 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a common malignancy with high morbidity and mortality. Poor prognosis and easy recurrence on PLC patients calls for optimizations of the current conventional treatments and the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. For most malignancies, including PLC, immune cells play crucial roles in regulating tumor microenvironments and specifically recognizing tumor cells. Therefore, cellular based immunotherapy has its instinctive advantages in PLC therapy as a novel therapeutic strategy. From the active and passive immune perspectives, we introduced the cellular based immunotherapies for PLC in this review, covering both the lymphoid and myeloid cells. Then we briefly review the combined cellular immunotherapeutic approaches and the existing obstacles for PLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, China.
| | - Yingqun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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9
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Chen C, Guo Q, Fu H, Yu J, Wang L, Sun Y, Zhang J, Duan Y. Asynchronous blockade of PD-L1 and CD155 by polymeric nanoparticles inhibits triple-negative breast cancer progression and metastasis. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120988. [PMID: 34186238 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PD-L1/PD-1 blockade therapy shows durable responses to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but the response rate is low. CD155 promotes tumor metastasis intrinsically and modulates the immune response extrinsically as the ligand of DNAM-1 (costimulatory receptor) and TIGIT/CD96 (coinhibitory receptors). Herein, we verified that TNBC cells coexpressed PD-L1 and CD155. By examining the receptors of PD-L1 and CD155 on TNBC tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) over time, we observed that PD-1 and DNAM-1 were upregulated early, whereas CD96 and TIGIT were upregulated late in CD8+ TILs. Based on these findings, we developed CD155 siRNA (siCD155)-loaded mPEG-PLGA-PLL (PEAL) nanoparticles (NPs) coated with PD-L1 blocking antibodies (P/PEALsiCD155) to asynchronously block PD-L1 and CD155 in a spatiotemporal manner. P/PEALsiCD155 maximized early-stage CD8+ T cell immune surveillance against 4T1 tumor, whereas reversed inhibition status of the late stage CD8+ T cells to prevent 4T1 tumor immune escape. In addition, the combination of P/PEALsiCD155 and tumor-specific CD8 T cells induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) of 4T1 cells to further boost immune checkpoint therapy. Most importantly, P/PEALsiCD155 displayed excellent TNBC targeting and induced CD8+ TILs-dominant intratumor antitumor immunity to efficiently inhibit TNBC progression and metastasis with excellent safety in a syngeneic 4T1 orthotopic TNBC tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yourong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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10
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Harada M, Iida Y, Kotani H, Minami T, Komohara Y, Eto M, Yoshikawa K, Uemura H. T-cell responses and combined immunotherapy against human carbonic anhydrase 9-expressing mouse renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:339-352. [PMID: 34160685 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is known to respond to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, whereas there has been limited analysis of T-cell responses to RCC. In this study, we utilized human carbonic anhydrase 9 (hCA9) as a model neoantigen of mouse RENCA RCC. hCA9-expressing RENCA RCC (RENCA/hCA9) cells were rejected in young mice but grew in aged mice. CD8+ T cells were the primary effector cells involved in rejection in young mice, whereas CD4+ T cells participated at the early stage. Screening of a panel of hCA9-derived peptides revealed that mouse CD8+ T cells responded to hCA9288-296 peptide. Mouse CD4+ T cells responded to lysates of RENCA/hCA9, but not RENCA cells, and showed reactivity to hCA9 276-290, which shares three amino acids with hCA9 288-296 peptide. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that few T cells infiltrated RENCA/hCA9 tissues in aged mice. ICB therapy of anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 antibodies promoted T-cell infiltration into tumor tissues, whereas no definite antitumor effect was observed. However, additional combination with cyclophosphamide or axitinib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor, induced complete regression in half of the RENCA/hCA9-bearing aged mice with increased expression of PD-L1 in tumor tissues. These results indicate that hCA9 can be a useful model neoantigen to investigate antitumor T-cell responses in mice with RCC, and that RENCA/hCA9 in aged mice can serve as a non-inflamed 'cold' tumor model facilitating the development of effective combined immunotherapies for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Harada
- Department of Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Iida
- Department of Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kotani
- Department of Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Takafumi Minami
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshikawa
- Division of Research Creation and Biobank, Research Creation Support Center, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Uemura
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Choucair K, Kelso JD, Duff JR, Cassidy CS, Albrethsen MT, Ashraf M, Verghese C, Oft M, Brunicardi FC, Dworkin L, Nemunaitis J. Interleukin 10-Mediated Response and Correlated Anemia in a Patient with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Case Rep Oncol 2019; 12:297-303. [PMID: 31097939 PMCID: PMC6489092 DOI: 10.1159/000499704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemia in cancer patients is associated with poor quality of life, reduced response to therapy, and decreased overall survival. We describe a case of a 56-year old woman with advanced metastatic non-small cell lung carcinoma who demonstrated marked response to a novel combinational immunotherapy approach involving a long-acting PEGylated construct of recombinant human Interleukin-10 with Nivolumab, an anti-PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor. While on treatment, the patient developed severe anemia and hyper-ferritinemia requiring RBC transfusion support. Here we discuss a possible novel immune mechanism of IL10-mediated anemia in correlation with tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Choucair
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Jesse D Kelso
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph R Duff
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Christine S Cassidy
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Mary T Albrethsen
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Mushtaq Ashraf
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Cherian Verghese
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Martin Oft
- ARMO Biosciences Inc., Redwood City, California, USA
| | | | - Lance Dworkin
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - John Nemunaitis
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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12
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Schmidt D, Wiedenmann B. Extremely Long Survival under Combined Immunotherapy in a Metastatic Functional Neuroendocrine Neoplasia Patient. Neuroendocrinology 2018; 106:381-388. [PMID: 29402823 DOI: 10.1159/000486417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Treatment and prognosis of neuroendocrine neoplasia depends on tumor size, stage, grade, resectability, and extent of distant metastasis. In most cases a multimodality approach including surgical, locally invasive procedures, peptide-guided radioreceptor therapy (PRRT), and medical therapies represent the mainstay of treatment in advanced disease. In the reported case, a 68-year-old man was diagnosed in 2010 with an initially functional (histamine) neuroendocrine tumor of gastric type III, G2, stage IVB, cT4cN1cM1 (hepatic, peritoneal, nodal, osseous), including a hepatic tumor load of 25%. Intensive multimodality approaches including combined immunotherapy (vaccination and PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade) led to a survival of 8 years until now with a high quality of life and minimal residual disease (only a single, small paragastric recurrence) despite the dedifferentiation of the tumor into a neuroendocrine carcinoma G3 (Ki-67 of 80%) including a nonfunctional stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schmidt
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) und Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bertram Wiedenmann
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) und Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Weigelin B, Bolaños E, Rodriguez-Ruiz ME, Martinez-Forero I, Friedl P, Melero I. Anti-CD137 monoclonal antibodies and adoptive T cell therapy: a perfect marriage? Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:493-7. [PMID: 26970765 PMCID: PMC11028781 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1818-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
CD137(4-1BB) costimulation and adoptive T cell therapy strongly synergize in terms of achieving maximal efficacy against experimental cancers. These costimulatory biological functions of CD137 have been exploited by means of introducing the CD137 signaling domain in clinically successful chimeric antigen receptors and to more efficiently expand T cells in culture. In addition, immunomagnetic sorting of CD137-positive T cells among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes selects for the fittest antitumor T lymphocytes for subsequent cultures. In mouse models, co-infusion of both agonist antibodies and T cells attains marked synergistic effects that result from more focused and intense cytolytic activity visualized under in vivo microscopy and from more efficient entrance of T cells into the tumor through the vasculature. These several levels of dynamic interaction between adoptive T cell therapy and CD137 offer much opportunity to raise the efficacy of current cancer immunotherapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/transplantation
- Models, Immunological
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/therapy
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/transplantation
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Weigelin
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elixabet Bolaños
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada and Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII, 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria E Rodriguez-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada and Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII, 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ivan Martinez-Forero
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada and Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII, 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada and Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII, 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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14
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Seledtsov VI, Goncharov AG, Seledtsova GV. Multiple-purpose immunotherapy for cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 76:24-9. [PMID: 26653546 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-cancer vaccination is a useful strategy to elicit antitumor immune responses, while overcoming immunosuppressive mechanisms. Whole tumor cells or lysates derived thereof hold more promise as cancer vaccines than individual tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), because vaccinal cells can elicit immune responses to multiple TAAs. Cancer cell-based vaccines can be autologous, allogeneic or xenogeneic. Clinical use of xenogeneic vaccines is advantageous in that they can be most effective in breaking the preexisting immune tolerance to TAAs. An attractive protocol would be to combine vaccinations with immunostimulating and/or immunosuppression-blocking modalities. It is reasonable to anticipate that combined immunotherapeutic strategies will allow for substantial improvements in clinical outcomes in the near future.
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